Natural Capital Financing Facility Information event with introduction workshop Welcome Brussels,...
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Transcript of Natural Capital Financing Facility Information event with introduction workshop Welcome Brussels,...
Natural Capital Financing FacilityInformation event with introduction workshop
Welcome
Brussels, 8/05/2015
Natural Capital Financing FacilityInformation event with introduction workshop
Pia Bucella
Director - Natural CapitalDG Environment
Brussels, 8/05/2015
Natural Capital Financing FacilityInformation event with introduction workshop
Humberto Delgado Rosa
Director – Mainstreaming Adaptation and Low Carbon TechnologyDG Climate Action
Brussels, 8/05/2015
Investing in Natural Capital- Key concepts- Financial sector view
Anders NordheimBrussels, 8 May 2015
Investing in Nature• Humanity depends upon the services provided
by ecosystems. • These include provisioning services such as
food and timber, regulating services such as carbon sequestration, disease control, and flood protection, and cultural benefits, such as recreational places.
• In order to sustain ecosystem services, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems need to be protected and, where possible, restored.
Why is this relevant?• World population growth, economic growth
and changing consumption patterns are unsustainable for the environment
• Overuse of resources will create increasing social and environmental pressures
• Governments, business and finance are at risk from these pressures
• Opportunities for new and innovative practices can help transition economies to green growth
Planetary Boundaries• Four of nine planetary
boundaries have now been crossed as a result of human activity
• Transgressing a boundary increases the risk that human activities could inadvertently drive the Earth System into a much less hospitable state, damaging efforts to reduce poverty and leading to a deterioration of human wellbeing in many parts of the world, including wealthy countries
Source: Science (16 January 2015)
National Biocapacity
9PRI/UNEP FI, Universal Ownership: Why environmental externalities matter to institutional investors, 2011
Costs of damages are often externalised, thus paid by governments, society and others in the economy.
The impact of Business
The Total Economic Value of Ecosystems
10Source: Pay – Establishing payments for watershed services, IUCN (2006)
Motivations for Investing in Natural Capital
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Government- National/regional policy goals- International commitments (Climate change,
Convention on biodiversity)- Improved economic resilience
Business- Better risk management (including supply chains)- Opportunities for new products/services- Corporate social responsibility
Finance- Managing portfolio risks- Additional sources of funds/revenues- Corporate social responsibility
Society- Access to more and better recreational areas- Improved health/quality of life- Better prospects for future generations
Financial Opportunities• Conservation finance
– Investment in protecting ecosystem to conserve the value of the ecosystem for the long-term. Cash flows are generated from sustained outputs such as products, services and credits.
• Restoration finance– Investment in improving ecosystem to restore to historical
value based on outputs. Increase in value of asset provides return to investor on exit.
• Biodiversity offsets– Conserve, restore or create new ecosystems to provide
stocks of ecosystems that can be used as offsets.
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Natural Capital Finance ModelInvestors- Institutional- Retail- Companies- Government- Crowd funding- Philanthropy
Cash flows- Service
payments- Offsets- Products- Tradable
permits
Ecosystems- Terrestrial
lands (forests)- Fresh water- Oceans- Habitats
Inve
stm
ent
Impa
ct
Impact reporting
Financial return
Challenges:- Difficult to value, price and account for environmental
assets, benefits and impacts- Value generated does not always (directly) benefit
stakeholders
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Example: Water Quality Trading• Watersheds are often becoming too warm for
local species (due to removal of trees, etc)• Users of the river are often regulated for water
quality impairment (waste water treatment, power generation, factories)
• The engineered solution: cooling tower• The ecosystem solution: restoration of natural
cooling, e.g. planting of trees• Water quality credits are generated by the project
through measurement of impact• Users purchase credits to meet compliance• Project costs are covered• Landowners receive payments• Investors receive returns• Improvement in ecosystem regulatory services,
cultural serves, etc.Source: The Freshwater Trust (2014)
What is the NCFF and why was it set up?
Laure Ledoux, DG ENV.B.2
Brussels, 8/05/2015
The policy context for NCFF
Financing gap for biodiversity and adaptation
Innovative financing mechanisms foreseen in EU Biodiversity Strategy, Green Infrastructure Strategy and the Climate Adaptation Strategy
Investment in ecosystems provide benefits for a number of challenges, including climate adaptation
Emerging market opportunities for investments in natural capital, but there are barriers that need to be addressed.
Insufficient financial resources to support biodiversity conservation and promote climate resilience
Market failures and barriers
long project payback periods
perceived high risks
uncertainty related to future regulatory environment or to climate projections
lack of affordable finance.
Total annual investment costs for natural capital management projects are projected to be between €73 million and €288 million by 2020
Not yet precise estimates of overall costs and benefits of adaptation. EU costs of adapting to flood risks and sea-level rise between EUR1.7 bn in 2020s and EUR4.9 bn in 2050s
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
EUR
Millio
n
Total Cost Business as Usual Growth Rate 13.7% Growth Rate 20%
Rationale
LIFE: why financial instruments
Make optimal use of scarce public funds, i.e. identify ways of increasing leverage;
Testing new instruments to mobilise or "crowd in" private finance;
Address specific market barriers by investing in projects that are not considered commercially viable today but have the potential to be so in the future;
‘Fill the gap’ in the financial market and demonstrate the business case for ‘higher-risk’ projects
Facilitate market uptake of climate and environment friendly actions and greening of financial intermediaries via financial instruments
Complement traditional action grants
NCFF objectivesAddress market gaps and barriers for revenue-generating or cost-saving projects promoting the conservation of natural capital to meet biodiversity/adaptation objectives;
Test different financing options; identify most suitable approaches
Three more specific objectives
Establish a pipeline of replicable, bankable Operations, serving as a 'proof of concept'
Demonstrate to private investors the attractiveness of natural capital projects; develop a sustainable flow of private capital and achieve scale
Leverage funding from private investors for this pipeline through the use of EU Funds
NCFF set up (1)EIB executes the Facility
€ 100-125 million Investment facility during 2015-2017
9- 12 operations, typically between €5 million and €15 million:
Direct loans to individual, large projects
Indirect loans through financial intermediaries aimed at smaller projects
Indirect investment aimed at smaller projects via equity funds
Target term: 10 year with possibility of grace period of 3 year
Maximum NCFF contribution to total project costs: 75%
Maximum NCFF participation per private equity fund : 33%
NCFF set up (2)
EU contribution to the EIB of € 60 million:
€ 50 million for guaranteeing investments
€ 10 million for the Support Facility.
Budget comes from the LIFE programme, which is the EU’s funding instrument for the environment and climate action.
Aim at balanced spread:
Total support in any MS maximised at 20% of EU guarantee
Support for direct operations in any MS maximised at 15%
Support for intermediated operations in any MS maximised at 15%
Support for individual categories maximised at 35%
NCFF Support facility
€ 10 million Support Facility
financed from the LIFE Programme
for Operations expected to be supported by the NCFF
maximum contribution per (potential) operation: € 1 million
support consists in external advice and consultancy services contracted by the EIB
Which projects can be financed by the NCFF?
Matt Rayment, ICF International
8 May 2015
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The NCFF will finance projects which: NCFF INTRODUCTORY EVENT
Promote the conservation, restoration, management and enhancement of natural capital, which can benefit biodiversity and climate adaptation. This includes ecosystem-based solutions to challenges related to land, soil, forestry, agriculture, water and waste.
Are capable of generating revenues and/or saving costs.
Are capable of repaying a loan or equity investment.
Address barriers to mainstream commercial financing, e.g. because they are innovative, uncertain, test and demonstrate financing models.
More details over the eligibility criteria in the next session
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NCFF will finance 4 types of projects:
Payments for ecosystem services
Green infrastructure projects
Pro-biodiversity and pro-adaptation businesses
Projects involving biodiversity offsets
NCFF INTRODUCTORY EVENT
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Payments for ecosystem servicesNCFF INTRODUCTORY EVENT
NCFF may fund investments in ecosystems that deliver services attracting payments from beneficiaries
Possible examples:→ Natural capital investments that enhance water quality
or flood retention, attracting payments from utilities, food & drink sector, local authorities, property interests or insurers
→ Investments in peatland or forest restoration, attracting payments for carbon credits, water quality and/ or other services
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Payments for ecosystem services NCFF INTRODUCTORY EVENT
Characteristics and challenges:
Key challenge is to develop payment mechanisms capable of repaying an investment
We know that ecosystem services are valuable, but there needs to be a financial, as well as economic rationale for investment
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Green infrastructure projectsNCFF INTRODUCTORY EVENT
Strategic investment in high quality natural and semi-natural areas (rivers, forests, landscapes, urban green infrastructure) generating services for which businesses or local authorities are willing to pay
Possible examples:→ Investments in urban green infrastructure (e.g. green spaces,
green roofs and walls, trees, sustainable drainage systems) → Green alternatives to traditional infrastructure investments
(e.g. flood defence, waste water treatment)
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Green infrastructure projectsNCFF INTRODUCTORY EVENT
Network of high quality natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental features: From hedgerows, fish ladders, green roofs to entire functional
ecosystems
Perform several functions in the same spatial area
Form integral part of an interconnected GI network
Check spatial planning
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Green infrastructure projectsNCFF INTRODUCTORY EVENT
Characteristics and challenges:
Various examples demonstrate cost effectiveness of green infrastructure compared to built infrastructure
Up front investment in creation or restoration needed to deliver benefits over time
Overlaps with PES; similar challenges regarding uncertain benefits and payment mechanisms
Green infrastructure needs to demonstrate benefits for biodiversity and/or climate adaptation to be eligible
Mix of private and public benefits - how to combine payments from different beneficiaries (e.g. business, public sector)
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Pro-biodiversity and pro-adaptation businesses NCFF INTRODUCTORY EVENT
NCFF can invest in businesses providing goods and services that contribute to conservation of ecosystems and their services, including through conservation management, sustainable forestry/ agriculture/ aquaculture or ecotourism.
Possible examples:→ Certified products and services, environmental technologies,
consultancy and technical services, financial products and services, ecotourism businesses
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Pro-biodiversity and pro-adaptation businesses NCFF INTRODUCTORY EVENT
Characteristics and challenges:
This category is wide ranging and could cover a different types of goods and services
Includes innovative products and services, but unlike other categories may involve more traditional business models (e.g. not requiring new payment mechanisms)
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Projects involving biodiversity offsetsNCFF INTRODUCTORY EVENT
NCFF may finance conservation activities providing measurable benefits designed to compensate for unavoidable damage to biodiversity arising from development or other activities, ensuring ‘no net loss’ of biodiversity
Discussions on project design are ongoing
Characteristics and challenges:
Offsetting often requires up front investments that are capable of generating revenues over time, through sale of credits
Offsets are controversial – discussions on project design are ongoing
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ConclusionsNCFF INTRODUCTORY EVENT
NCFF can fund a wide range of natural capital projects through the four categories (overlap between the different categories possible)
Research demonstrates that there is much interest in the NCFF and a strong potential pipeline
However a significant challenge is to develop potentially “bankable” projects capable of repaying an investment
Thank you for your attention
Natural Capital Financing FacilityInformation event with introduction workshop
Q&A
Brussels, 8/05/2015