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Natural Aesthetics:Digital Art and Philosophy in the Era of Technologized Biomimicry
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Transcript of Natural Aesthetics:Digital Art and Philosophy in the Era of Technologized Biomimicry
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Natural Aesthetics:Digital Art and Philosophy in the Era of Technologized Biomimicry
Melanie Swan Technology Philosopher
MS Futures Group+1-650-681-9482
August 7, 2013 – UC BerkeleySlides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga
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What is Digital Art?
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Probably not what comes to mind!
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Digital Art is anything involving Computers and Art
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The Legible City: Jeffrey Shaw
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http://www.medienkunstnetz.de/works/the-legible-city/Video: http://www.medienkunstnetz.de/works/the-legible-city/video/1/
The Legible City by Jeffrey Shaw (1988-1991)
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Boundary Functions: Scott Snibbe
Boundary Functions by Scott Snibbe (1998)http://www.snibbe.com/projects/interactive/boundaryfunctions/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Ax4pgtHQDg
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What is Digital Art?
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Interactivity, Co-Creation, Ephemerality
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What is Digital Art?
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What is Digital Art?
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What is Digital Art?
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What is Digital Art?
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What is Digital Art?Tactical Media, Hactivism, Electronic Civil Disobedience
Graffiti Research Lab and Stiktu augmented reality social graffiti
app from Layar
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What is (early) Digital Art?
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Hypertext, hypermedia, net.art, web art
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What is (regular) Art?
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Art is whatever the ‘artworld’ (e.g.; art schools, museums, critics, artists) considers to be art – Danto 1964
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Why Digital Art and Philosophy?
PhilosophyConcerned with: Understanding
Art, economics, politicsConcerned with: Experience
Concepts
Qualitative
QuantitativeScience and technology
Concerned with: Characterization and Innovation
Abstraction
Figuration
Enumeration
Deleuzean Concepts: rhizome, body without organs, molar, molecular, smooth, striated, figural, machinic, faciality, deterritorialization, haecceity, nomadology, the diagram,
desiring-production
Three disciplines for analyzing reality, "separate melodic lines in constant interplay with one another” – Deleuze, Negotiations 1997
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Concepts in Natural Aesthetics
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• Digital Art and Natural Aesthetics: anything involving technology, art, and biology
• Philosophical concepts– Reality and Authenticity– Discipline portability– Form and function– De Novo creation– Individual and Society
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Is this image of something real? What kind of real? Real life? Artificial Life? Synthetic Biology? Computer-
generated image?
Distinguishing ‘What is Real’Proliferation in the categories of realism
What does it mean that it is impossible to tell?
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Distinguishability of Computer Art
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• Is it “art” or “not art” if we can tell it was computer-made?
• ‘Repticity’ – representational authenticity
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Concepts in Natural Aesthetics
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• Digital Art and Natural Aesthetics: anything involving technology, art, and biology
• Philosophical concepts– Reality and Authenticity – Discipline portability– Form and function– De Novo creation– Individual and Society
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What is BioArt?
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• Artists using biology as an expressive medium
• Artwork created using live tissue, bacteria, or other living organisms together with scientific processes – Requires collaboration of
artists and biologists• Term coined in 2000 by
Eduardo Kac, an American artist born in Brazil
Petri Dish Paintings
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Notable BioArtworks
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• Earmouse (1997)– Human ear grown on the back of a
mouse (science turned into art)• GFP (green-fluorescent protein) Art
– Bunny (2000) – GlowCats (2011)
• Lawn Chair sculpture (2002)– Denise King, Carnivorous
Contraptions, Chlorophilia show
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The Algae Opera (2012)Digital Design Weekend, Victoria and Albert Museum, London
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• Interactive performance and audience consumption piece• Opera singer produces Co2 to feed algae to feed the audience• BioArt as commentary on agricultural futures (produced by Agri)
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Tissue Engineered BioArt
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• Semi-Living Worry Dolls (Oron Catts & Ionat Zurr 2002 SymbioticA artistic lab)
• hymNext Designer Hymen Series (Julia Reodica 2006)
• BioArt conceptual issues– Is the commentary strengthened by ‘real biology’ as
the medium? – New medium requires new commentary
• BioArt exhibition issues– Maintaining wet bioart in-gallery– Technique-sharing with local biologists; collaboration
between artists and biologists (e.g; BioArt Initiative RPI)
– Living-matter transport (e.g.; UK Human Tissue Authority), compliance (e.g.; Steve Kurtz)
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23http://www.siembieda.com/burg.html
Group data project: Human systems (heart, lungs) representation of commercial building energy consumption (San Jose, CA 2010)
B.U.R.G. (Building User Response Gizmos)
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Concepts in Natural Aesthetics
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• Digital Art and Natural Aesthetics: anything involving technology, art, and biology
• Philosophical concepts– Reality and Authenticity – Discipline portability– Form and function– De Novo creation– Individual and Society
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Best Science Pictures of the Year
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Neuro-synaptic Computer Chip
3D CT Scan of Clam and Whelk Shell
MRI of Human Brain White Matter
• National Geographic coverage – 2012 International Science and
Engineering Visualization Challenge– 2009 BioScapes Microscope Imaging
Contest Water Flea Crown of Thorns
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Aesthetics in Fluorescent-staining Practices
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Framsticks (2010)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9WVF6c8E7c
Tentacular - Evolved Virtual Creatures (2007)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pm2n_ped-TA
Form and Function: Artificial Life (A-Life)
• A field of study and an associated art form– Examines systems related
to the evolution of life• Art or Science?
– Depends on practitioner and intention
Practitioner Intent: Science
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Artificial Life (A-Life)
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Practitioner Intent: Art
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What is Generative Art?
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• Art created with the use of an autonomous system– Computing or mechanical system employed– System independently determines features
• Minimum conditions for a set of marks to function as an image? Depends on intent
Generative Art - Computers, Data, and Humanity | Off Book | PBS (2011)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0OK1GiI83s
Condensation Cube (Hans Haacke 1963)
Evolved Noise (Karl Sims 2012)
77 Million Paintings (Brian Eno 2007)
AARON, the AI Painter (Harold Cohen, 1995)
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Form and Function: Macroscale Biomimicry
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Macroscale Biomimicry
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Himalayas Water TowerWinner Evolo 2012 Skyscraper Competition
http://www.evolo.us/competition/himalaya-water-tower/
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Biomimicry for Natural Dwelling
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Living Treehouses (Fab Tree Hab) – (Mitchell Joachim 2003)
Tree Circus
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Theory of Place: “Building, Dwelling, Thinking” (Heidegger 1951)
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• Feeling at home, placeness, dwelling, belonging
• Central theme of dwelling1 – Not conventional shelter or lodging– Human implacement, being ‘in’ place
• Dwelling makes becoming possible, instantiates– The placeness of place– Meaningfulness of our being
1Liu F. On Place-ness of Place: ‘Dwelling.’ The Sustainability Collection. http://ijs.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.41/prod.461
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Dwelling: The City
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• Living in cities: – Over 50% worldwide population in 2008– 5 billion in 2030 (estimated)
http://www.unfpa.org/pds/urbanization.htm
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MasdarEnergy City of the Future
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Reconfiguration of Space: Vertical Farms
36http://www.evolo.us/architecture/vertical-farm-in-san-diego/, http://www.verticalfarm.com/
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Reconfiguration of Space: Transportation
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Reconfiguration of Space: Seasteading
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De Novo Production of Space
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• ‘Home’ trope in technology
• Organizing physical and virtual space– Physical-world: co-working, co-housing– Online-world: social networks, Facebook,
Pinterest, Instagram– Virtual-world: video games, ARGs
• Virtual placeness – How can we build virtual places for dwelling
meaningfully?
Dwelling Virtually
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Concepts in Natural Aesthetics
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• Digital Art and Natural Aesthetics: anything involving technology, art, and biology
• Philosophical concepts– Reality and Authenticity – Discipline portability– Form and function– De Novo creation– Individual and Society
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Synthetic Biology (SynBio)
• Definition: the (re)design and construction of new biological entities such as enzymes, genetic circuits, and cells
• Goal: deliver function, safety, and beauty• Metaphysical issues (nature of reality)
– ‘What is life?’ – DNA change necessary for a ‘different’ organism? – What are living machines, in themselves?– Ontological classification and naming
• Ethics – Practice standards: safety, accountability, documenting
work– Unintended consequences, dual-use debate
• Epistemology– Limits on biological knowledge-seeking?
“This century’s transistor”
Source: Swan, M. Synbio Revolution: Biology is the Engineering Medium, 6/26/11 http://futurememes.blogspot.com/2011/06/synbio-revolution-biology-is.html
Artificial ligase enzyme
Mycoplasma laboratorium
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Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
December 2012 Volume 16Issues 5–6
Pages 461-622
Mechanisms • Aesthetics • Molecular imaging
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Synthetic AestheticsHow would you design nature?
• Connecting synthetic biology, social science, and art and design1
– Teams: Bioengineers and Synbio Designers• Molecular design aesthetics
– When we make new molecules should they be beautiful? Are naturally occurring molecules beautiful? What is an ugly protein?
– Is ‘form follows function’ relevant? Can function be beautiful?
– What aesthetic criteria to apply? Aesthetics of chirality1http://gow.epsrc.ac.uk/NGBOViewGrant.aspx?GrantRef=EP/H01912X/1 and
http://www.genomicsnetwork.ac.uk/media/Synthetic%20Aesthetics.pdf
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Concepts in Natural Aesthetics
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• Digital Art and Natural Aesthetics: anything involving technology, art, and biology
• Philosophical concepts– Reality and Authenticity – Discipline portability– Form and function– De Novo creation– Individual and Society
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Quantified Self (QS) Art
45Quantify Me (Laurie Frick 2013)
Fries by Month (Lauren Manning 2010)
Quantified Creativity (Amy Robinson 2013)
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CrowdArt
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Eric Whitacre's Virtual Choir 3, 'Water Night' (2012)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3rRaL-Czxw
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Role of Aesthetics in Science/Tech
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• Level 1– Beauty, good design, improved
function, interaction design– Examples: Molecular Design Institutes
(UCSF, NYU), NJACS Award for Creativity in Molecular Design, "Synthetic Aesthetics” (MIT Press 2014)
• Level 2 (Rancière)– Mode of formalization of experience, a
human capacity– Emancipation: new experience,
building capacity
Mary Franck CODAME (Art + Tech)
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Summary: Philosophical Issues in Natural Aesthetics
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• ‘What is real?’ – Reality Multiplicity• ‘Repticity’ - Representational Authenticity
– InfoViz: representing the unrepresented– Synbio: creating the unrepresented (de novo creation)
• Portability: using another discipline’s medium– Artists -> biology; Scientists and engineers -> biology
and art; Artists, Scientists, Laypersons -> data• How to dwell meaningfully in new spaces• Pervasive inseparability
– Form and function, individuality and society, technology and aesthetics
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http://www.youtube.com/TechnologyPhilosophe
Participate in Technology Philosophy
Video!
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Natural Aesthetics:Digital Art and Philosophy in the Era of Technologized Biomimicry
Melanie Swan Philosopher in Residence
MS Futures Group+1-650-681-9482
June 6, 2013 - Stanford UniversitySlides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga
Thank you!
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• Is it all right to interfere with natural processes?– Just a better way of ongoing manipulation buy
humans (e.g.; plant and animal breeding)? – What constitutes a qualitative change?
Nodes: crop-breeding, GMO, SynBio– Order of magnitude issue – how can we think
of change at the new paradigm level or order of magnitude level (Kuhnian paradigms)
• Different set of concerns in de novo generation?
Philosophical Issues in Biological Innovation
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Unprecedented Crowd Access to the Tools of Creative Production
Printing Press Blogger, Twitter, FlickrTumblr, Instagram, Pinterest
Scribe
Midi Keyboard Garage Band, SoundcloudOrchestra
Computer-generated Imagery (CGI)
SporeCreature Creator
Animation