NATURA IMPACT REPORT APPENDIX I - tipperarycoco.ie · natura impact report - appendix i summary...

NATURA IMPACT REPORT - APPENDIX I

SUMMARY DETAILS OF ALL EUROPEAN SITES CONSIDERED DURING THE APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT

IN SUPPORT OF THE

APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT OF THE

TIPPERARY WIND ENERGY STRATEGY

IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF ARTICLE 6(3) OF THE EU HABITATS DIRECTIVE

for: Tipperary County Council

Civic Offices,

Nenagh,

County Tipperary

by: CAAS Ltd.

2nd Floor, The Courtyard,

25 Great Strand Street,

Dublin 1

SEPTEMBER 2016

Appendix I to the NIR for the Tipperary Wind Energy Strategy

Introduction

This appendix presents background summary data relating to each European site (cSACs and SPAs) that were considered during the Appropriate Assessment of the County Tipperary Wind Energy Strategy. Data presented has been collated from various sources made available by the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) of the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. Sites are presented in two separate lists, firstly SACs and secondly SPAs. All sites within each list are sorted according to NPWS Site Name. The principal sources of information include the following:

Site Synopses NATURA 2000 Standard Data Forms Conservation Objective (Generic Versions) Detailed Site Specific Conservation Objectives and supporting documents (where available)

Data presented on each site includes:

Site Name Site Code County SSCO Published or not (as of January 2016) Location relevant to the Strategy area Previously reported threats Qualifying Interests (QIs) in the case of SACs:

o Listed Annex I habitats for which site is selected - abbreviated version as used by NPWS (2013)1

o Listed Annex II species for which site is selected - common English name Special Conservation Interests (SCIs) in the case of SPAs:

o Listed Annex I birds for which site is selected (Annex I SCIs) - common English name o Non – annex birds for which site is selected (Non Annex I SCIs) - common English name

1 NPWS (2013). The Status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. Overview Volume I. Unpublished Report, National Parks and Wildlife Services.

Summary data relating to all relevant cSACs sorted according to site name

Tipperary Wind Energy Strategy 2016: Appropriate Assessment

All Saints Bog and Esker SAC 000566

NoOffaly

Raised bog sites, due to the high water content of peat, are extremely vulnerable to activities which cause water loss.The most significant of these are drainage, peat-cutting and fire. This site is particularly vulnerable as a large section isbeing exploited for milled peat. This is occurring adjacent to the area of Betula bog woodland for which the site isimportant. (Marginal drainage is causing a gradual drying out of the high bog). The orchid-rich esker grassland isparticularly threatened by gravel extraction. This grassland is also vulnerable to changes in the grazing regime and tograssland fertilisation and/or reseeding.

Habitat QIs (Annex I Habitats): Species QIs (Annex II Species):

SSCOs Published:County (s):

Threats

Site Name: EU Site Code:

Within 15km of study area Location:

NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for All Saints Bog and Esker SAC [000566]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Bog woodland*

Degraded raised bogs

Orchid-rich calcareous grassland*

Raised bog (active)*

Rhyncosporion depressions

Anglesey Road SAC 002125

NoTipperary

The main threat to this site is from agricultural improvement by way of field improvement and reclamation. In parts ofsite, under-grazing, leading to scrub invasion, is a threat. Outside of the site much of the area is afforested - afforestationwithin the site is a threat.



Threats


Within study area Location:

NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Anglesey Road SAC [002125]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Species-rich nardus upland grassland*

Ardgraigue Bog SAC 002356

NoGalway

This small site continues to be vulnerable to drainage effects from peat-cutting operations. This damage is most severe inthe south-western corner of the site and cessation of peat-cutting coupled with drain-blocking is essential if thehydrological balance of the site is to be maintained or improved. Fire damage at the bog has been slight in recentdecades perhaps due to the wetness of the surface though burning remains a threat.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Ardgraigue Bog SAC [002356]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:





Tipperary Wind Energy Strategy 2016 Appropriate Assessment

Ballyduff/Clonfinane Bog SAC 000641

YesTipperary

Raised bogs are vulnerable to activities which increase water loss. Peat cutting is intensive at this site (including mosspeat production) and the drains associated with this are causing significant water loss and changes in vegetation cover.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation Objectives: Ballyduff/Clonfinane Bog SAC 000641. Version 1. National Parksand Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Bog woodland*




Barroughter Bog SAC 000231

YesGalway

The site is particularly vulnerable to the effects of mechanical peat cutting which is occuring around 95% of its edge.Drains associated with this are also causing water loss. The fen area is also vulnerable to drainage. Burning is asignificant threat to the bog surface, especially in the drier marginal areas.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation Objectives: Barroughter Bog SAC 000231. Version 1. National Parks andWildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:






Blackwater River (Cork/Waterford) SAC 002170

YesCork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary,Waterford

Localised stretches of the river have been polluted. Pollution is derived from agricultural run-off (fertilisers, slurry etc.)and from point sources mainly in towns along the rivers, and in some areas possibly forestry activities. Pollution remains athreat to water quality and poor water quality could impact on the various fish populations as well as Margaritiferamargaritifera and Austropotomobius pallipes. Riverbank protection works to prevent erosion and fisheries relateddevelopments have recently occurred in parts of the Blackwater and some involve intereference with the riverbed - suchworks could affect Margaritifera margaritifera populations. Most of the remaining woodlands have a significant amount ofnon-native species, If not controlled, the value of the woods will decrease further with time



Threats



NPWS (2012) Conservation Objectives: Blackwater River (Cork/Waterford) SAC 002170. Version 1.0.National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Atlantic Salmon

Brook Lamprey

Freshwater Pearl Mussel

Killarney Fern

Otter

River Lamprey

Sea Lamprey

Twaite Shad

White-Clawed Crayfish

Atlantic salt meadows

Estuaries

Floating river vegetation

Mediterranean salt meadows

Old oak woodlands

Perennial vegetation of stony banks

Residual alluvial forests*

Salicornia mud

Taxus baccata woods*

Tidal mudflats

Bolingbrook Hill SAC 002124

NoTipperary

The main threat to the grassland and heath is further field improvement and reclamation. Under-grazing, leading to scrubinvasion, is a threat to some parts of site. Commercial afforestation is a general threat to site.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Bolingbrook Hill SAC [002124]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Dry heaths


Wet heath

Clare Glen SAC 000930

NoLimerick, Tipperary

The site is currently managed as an amenity area by the local authorities and the population of Trichomanes speciosumcould be vulnerable to damage.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Clare Glen SAC [000930]. Generic Version 4.0. Department ofArts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Killarney FernOld oak woodlands



Cloonmoylan Bog SAC 000248

NoGalway

This site is vulnerable to the water loss due to the numerous surface drains which occur. In addition some bog roads alsoincrease drainage. Peat cutting threatens the SW of the site in particular. Fire has damaged the Sphagnum layer inplaces. The remainder of the site including the wooded flushes are vulnerable to fire.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Cloonmoylan Bog SAC [000248]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Bog woodland*




Comeragh Mountains SAC 001952

NoWaterford

Overgrazing by sheep is noticeable on all slopes and on the plateau - this continues to be a threat to the integrity of thesite. Extensive burning is carried out and is also a further threat. Further development of roads and tracks for tourismrelated activities is a threat.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Comeragh Mountains SAC [001952]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Slender green feather mossAlpine and subalpine heath

Calcareous rocky slopes

Dry heaths


Siliceous rocky slopes

Soft water lakes with base rich influences

Wet heath

Coolrain Bog SAC 002332

NoLaois

In the past the site has been damaged by peat-cutting and afforestation by conifers. Drying out of the high bog area, dueto these damaging operations, is still occurring and the cessation of peat-cutting, combined with the removal of conifers,is considered necessary to protect the hydrological integrity of the site.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Coolrain Bog SAC [002332]. Generic Version 4.0. Departmentof Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:






Cullahill Mountain SAC 000831

NoKilkenny

This site is vulnerable to grassland improvement, through fertilization especially. Cessation of grazing would alsoendanger the site in that it would encourage the spread of scrub onto the site. The site is also vulnerable to overgrazing.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Cullahill Mountain SAC [000831]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:


Danes Hole, Poulnalecka SAC 000030

NoClare

Although there are no signs of visitor disturbance the cave is easy to find and enter and the bats hang low from the caveroof and are vulnerable. Woodland clearance has reduced the quality of the site for the bat. Disturbance of the summerroost could cause those bats to disperse, inappropriate hedgerow management would reduce the value of the site.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Danes Hole, Poulnalecka SAC [000030]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Lesser Horseshoe BatCaves

Old oak woodlands

Derrycrag Wood Nature Reserve SAC 000261

NoGalway

Most of the oak woodland is contained within a nature reserve and is therefore protected. The conifers are graduallybeing removed, but cleared areas are vulnerable to invasion by non-native species, e.g. Fagus sylvatica, and to grazingby deer.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Derrycrag Wood Nature Reserve SAC [000261]. GenericVersion 4.0. Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Old oak woodlands

Galmoy Fen SAC 001858

NoKilkenny

The quality of this site is threatened mainly by drainage which could lower the water table. It is not known if existingdrainage attempts have had any adverse effects on the fen vegetation. Further afforestation within or adjacent to the sitecould be damaging.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Galmoy Fen SAC [001858]. Generic Version 4.0. Departmentof Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Alkaline fens



Galtee Mountains SAC 000646


Overgrazing is a serious problem and threat to peat habitats and nardus grassland. Lower levels of site vulnerable toafforestation.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Galtee Mountains SAC [000646]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Alpine and subalpine heath

Blanket bog (active)*

Calcareous rocky slopes

Dry heaths

Siliceous rocky slopes


Glen Bog SAC 001430

NoLimerick

There does not appear to be any significant immediate threats to wet woodland. Forestry occurs to the south and wouldbe very damaging if it was extended into the site. The site may receive eutrophic water from surrounding lands.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Glen Bog SAC [001430]. Generic Version 4.0. Department ofArts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:


Glendine Wood SAC 002324

NoWaterford

Prunus laurocerasus is well established within the site and its further spread is a threat to the quality of the woodlandsand ultimately the survival of Trichomanes speciosum. The site could be threatened by a proposed road scheme in thearea. This could directly affect the site or its immediate surroundings and/or could indirectly affect existing environmentalconditions within the valley through alterations to hydrological conditions.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Glendine Wood SAC [002324]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht

SSCO Version:

Killarney Fern

Glenomra Wood SAC 001013

NoClare

This oak woodland is vulnerable to felling (small areas have been cleared within the wood). Levels of grazing haveincreased in recent years limiting regeneration. The wood is also vulnerable to piecemeal development for housing.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Glenomra Wood SAC [001013]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Old oak woodlands



Glenstal Wood SAC 001432

NoLimerick

The occurrence of Trichomanes speciosum at Glenstal is well known and this population is vulnerable to deliberatecollecting, despite the fact that the species is legally protected under the Flora (Protection) Order, 1999. The prospects ofits survival here are, however, relatively good as the present owners are aware of this popuation and sympathetictowards its conservation.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Glenstal Wood SAC [001432]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Killarney Fern

Hugginstown Fen SAC 000404

NoKilkenny

The main potential threat to this site is drainage, though this is not considered an immediate threat. Agricultural run-off islikely to be entering the site from surrounding areas. The effects of this are unknown.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Hugginstown Fen SAC [000404]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Alkaline fens

Island Fen SAC 002236

NoOffaly

Recent drainage activities to the south of the site has seen the reduction of the area of scientific interest. The remainingsite does not appear to be under threat and is presently being managed in a traditional manner vital to the continuedscientific interest of the site.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Island Fen SAC [002236]. Generic Version 4.0. Department ofArts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Alkaline fens

Juniper scrub

Keeper Hill SAC 001197

NoTipperary

Areas of blanket bog and wet heath are vulnerable to peat-cutting activities and drainage associated with afforestation.Afforestation poses a threat to the entire site. Liaising/negotiating with the owners (Coillte mainly) may lead toagreements which favour the conservation of the site.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Keeper Hill SAC [001197]. Generic Version 4.0. Departmentof Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:



Wet heath



Kilcarren-Firville Bog SAC 000647

NoTipperary

This site is vulnerable to the effects of peat cutting in the south west and to surface drains. Deep marginal drains are alsocausing drying out of the high bog. The road running through the site has the same effect. Cattle gain access to the bogin places and tear up the peat surface.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Kilcarren-Firville Bog SAC [000647]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:




Kilduff, Devilsbit Mountain SAC 000934

NoTipperary

The species-rich humid grassland on the site is vulnerable to overgrazing and to grassland improvement, throughdrainage, reseeding and fertilization. The site is particularly vulnerable to afforestation with conifer species. Much of theland adjacent to the site has been afforested with conifers.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Kilduff, Devilsbit Mountain SAC [000934]. Generic Version4.0. Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Dry heaths


Knockacoller Bog SAC 002333

NoLaois

This site has been damaged by the cutting of peat for domestic purposes. This practice is ongoing and has contributed tothe drying out of a large proportion of the high bog. Any intensification of this practice, either for domestic or commercialpurposes, would be extremely damaging to the future of this site. Afforestation is a threat and already occurs to thenorth-east of the site.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Knockacoller Bog SAC [002333]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:






Lisduff Fen SAC 002147

NoOffaly

No immediate threats to the fens are evident. The site, however, is fairly small and could be very easily damaged ordestroyed by drainage. The petrifying springs along the stream could be damaged by poaching by cattle or dredging.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Lisduff Fen SAC [002147]. Generic Version 4.0. Departmentof Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Geyer's whorl snailAlkaline fens

Petrifying springs*

Liskeenan Fen SAC 001683

NoTipperary

Drains have been inserted within the fen system and it is not known what the longterm impact will be on the habitats.Any further attempts at drainage could be very damaging. Further peat extraction from the remnant bog is unlikely butforestry could be a threat at this site



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Liskeenan Fen SAC [001683]. Generic Version 4.0Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Cladium fen*

Lough Derg, North-East Shore SAC 002241

NoGalway, Tipperary

The lake is vulnerable to water polluting operations from the surrounding agricultural activities. Wetland habitats arethreatened by private and holiday home developments and the construction of new marinas and jetties at the lake edge.Waterfowl are vulnerable to disturbance from boating activities on the lake. The introduction of the zebra musselDreissena polymorpha threatens the ecology of some aquatic systems within the site. Further planting of commercialtrees or the spread of exotic species would be damaging to the woodland habitats.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Lough Derg, North-east Shore SAC [002241]. Generic Version4.0. Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht

SSCO Version:

Alkaline fens

Cladium fen*

Juniper scrub

Limestone pavement*





Loughatorick South Bog SAC 000308

NoClare, Galway

A large proportion of the site owned by Coillte Teoranta and vulnerable to development for forestry.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Loughatorick South Bog SAC [000308]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:


Lower River Shannon SAC 002165

YesClare, Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary

The estuarine habitat and associated species are vulnerable to land reclamation, industrial development, water pollution(from industrial, agricultural and domestic sources) and spread of Spartina. The wintering birds and breeding terns arealso vulnerable to disturbance (e.g. from shooting and aircraft). The dolphins are vulnerable to underwater aquaticdisturbance, entanglement in fishing gear and collision with fast moving craft. The main threats to the terrestrial habitatsare over-grazing, while the rivers and associated annexed species are threatened by water pollution and flood relief works(e.g. dredging). Sublittoral sediments and submerged sand banks could be threatened by future wind-farmdevelopments.



Threats



NPWS (2012) Conservation Objectives: Lower River Shannon SAC 002165. Version 1.0. National Parksand Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Atlantic Salmon

Bottle-Nosed Dolphin

Brook Lamprey


Otter

River Lamprey

Sea Lamprey


Estuaries


Lagoons*

Large shallow inlets and bays


Molinia meadows

Perennial vegetation of stony banks

Reefs


Salicornia mud

Sandbanks

Sea cliffs

Tidal mudflats



Lower River Suir SAC 002137

NoKilkenny, Tipperary, Waterford

Water quality of this site is vulnerable to enrichment from surrounding agricultural activities and commercial and privatedevelopments near the river edge. Infilling and drainage threatens the continued presence of the rare plant speciesHordeum secalinum and Groenlandia densa. Drainage in the catchment results in flash floods which can have a negativeimpact on the many Annex II species present. Any further planting or spread of exotic species would be damaging to theexisting woodland habitats.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Lower River Suir SAC [002137]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht

SSCO Version:

Atlantic Salmon

Brook Lamprey


Otter

River Lamprey

Sea Lamprey

Twaite Shad




Hydrophilous tall herb


Old oak woodlands



Moanour Mountain SAC 002257

NoTipperary

The principal threat to the quality of habitats at this site is over-grazing.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Moanour Mountain SAC [002257]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:


Nier Valley Woodlands SAC 000668

NoWaterford

A major threat is further clearance of the woodlands for farming and commercial forestry. The long-term viability of thewoodlands is threatened by poor regeneration due to grazing by livestock and fallow deer.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Nier Valley Woodlands SAC [000668]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Old oak woodlands



Philipston Marsh SAC 001847

NoTipperary

The main potential threat to this site is drainage, though there is no evidence that this will occur. Further afforestation inareas outside of site could be damaging to the long-term integrity of the wetland system. Agricultural run-off is likely tobe entering the site from surrounding areas though the effects of this are unknown.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Philipston Marsh SAC [001847]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Transition mires

Pollagoona Bog SAC 002126

NoClare

Due to its topographical setting, it appears that the drainage associated with the surrounding afforestation has notadversely affected the bog.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Pollagoona Bog SAC [002126]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:


Pollnaknockaun Wood Nature Reserve SAC 000319

NoGalway

Most of the oak woodland occurs within the nature reserve and is therefore protected. Many of the conifers have beenremoved and natural regeneration is reported to be good, despite grazing by deer. Invasion by non-native species,including Fagus sylvatica and Rhododendron ponticum, is a threat.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Pollnaknockaun Wood Nature Reserve SAC [000319]. GenericVersion 4.0. Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Old oak woodlands

Redwood Bog SAC 002353

NoTipperary

Commercial peat-cutting is a serious threat to the western half of this site.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Redwood Bog SAC [002353]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:






Ridge Road, SW of Rapemills SAC 000919

NoOffaly

The site is vulnerable to grassland improvement, i.e. fertilization and reseeding, to both overgrazing and undergrazingand to removal of the site through gravel extraction.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Ridge Road, SW of Rapemills SAC [000919]. Generic Version4.0. Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:


River Barrow and River Nore SAC 002162

YesCarlow, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Offaly,Tipperary, Waterford, Wexford

30% of the site consists of water: 10% freshwater and 20% of estuarine and tidal stretches. The Annex II species listedin Section 4.2 are dependent on the quality of these waters. Much of the site along the water courses is under threatfrom pollution caused by increased fertiliser application, sewage and industrial waste. There is also loss of saltmeadowhabitat with two legally protected species and a rare sedge, as a result of infilling and agricultural intensification. Alosafallax may be vulnerable to angling pressure. Aquaculture occurs in Waterford Harbour and may be causing somedisturbance to the intertidal sediments and wintering birds - intensification of aquaculture is a threat.



Threats



NPWS (2011) Conservation Objectives: River Barrow and River Nore SAC 002162. Version 1.0. NationalParks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Atlantic Salmon

Brook Lamprey

Desmoulin's whorl snail


Irish Freshwater Pearl Mussel

Killarney Fern

Otter

River Lamprey

Sea Lamprey

Twaite Shad



Dry heaths

Estuaries


Hydrophilous tall herb


Old oak woodlands

Petrifying springs*


Salicornia mud

Tidal mudflats



River Shannon Callows SAC 000216

NoGalway, Offaly, Roscommon,Tipperary, Westmeath

The main threats to the Annex I habitats (and the other humid grasslands) on the site come from intensification ofgrassland management which would destroy their semi-natural nature and reduce botanical diversity. The flooding regimegenerally mitigates against intensification but herbicides and high fertiliser applications have been effectively used in afew places and this trend may increase. Most of the meadows are old meadows and any trend towards change topermanent pasture would be detrimental. This has not happened to date but may in the future, especially if adeterioration in the flooding regime makes it more difficult to harvest. Large scale drainage of this section of the river isconsidered unlikely at present. The limestone pavement is threatened by removal of rock and scrub clearance. Drainageschemes, agricultural pollution and wildfowling threaten the bird-life in the area. Power lines across the site are alsohazards for flying birds.Habitat QIs (Annex I Habitats): Species QIs (Annex II Species):


Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for River Shannon Callows SAC [000216]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

OtterLimestone pavement*

Lowland hay meadows

Molinia meadows


Rosturra Wood SAC 001313

NoGalway

The remaining stands of mature Quercus are vulnerable to wind blow. In addition, natural regeneration may be limited bygrazing deer, insufficient 'seed' trees and invasion by non-native species, including Picea spp.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Rosturra Wood SAC [001313]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Old oak woodlands

Sharavogue Bog SAC 000585

YesOffaly

This site is vulnerable to water loss effects caused by the recently inserted network of drains across the centre of the site.Water loss is also occurring where active peat cutting is being carried out. Fire has also affected this bog which isvulnerable to further fire damage.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation Objectives: Sharavogue Bog SAC 000585. Version 1. National Parks andWildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht

SSCO Version:






Silvermine Mountains SAC 000939

NoTipperary

At present there are no major threats to the site and no changes in land use are anticipated in the near future. There area number of less serious problems and threats - part of the site is undergrazed and scrub is encroaching, especially at thewest of it. At the south-east, livestock are fed from ringfeeders during the winter and nutrient enrichment is evident. Theproblem is not serious at present. Afforestation may pose a threat to the site, as much of the surrounding land is plantedwith conifers.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Silvermine Mountains SAC [000939]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:


Wet heath

Silvermines Mountains West SAC 002258

NoTipperary

Although the condition of this site is good at present it is vulnerable to a range of possible damaging operations includingafforestation, overgrazing and burning. Probably the most likely of these damages in the future is frequent/uncontrolledburning. There is also a possibility of future contamination - from airborne dust - emanating from the old mine-workingsalong the north-eastern edge of the site.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Silvermines Mountains West SAC [002258]. Generic Version4.0. Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht

SSCO Version:

Dry heaths

Wet heath

Slieve Bernagh Bog SAC 002312

NoClare

This site is vulnerable to a range of damaging operations such as overgrazing, afforestation and burning. Furtherafforestation would be particularly damaging. At present, the most likely threat to the peatland habitats is repeatedburning.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Slieve Bernagh Bog SAC [002312]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:


Dry heaths

Wet heath



Slieve Bloom Mountains SAC 000412

NoLaois, Offaly

Largely protected as a Nature Reserve, marginal areas are vulnerable to afforestation.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Slieve Bloom Mountains SAC [000412]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht

SSCO Version:



Wet heath

Spahill and Clomantagh Hill SAC 000849

NoKilkenny

This site is particularly vulnerable to grassland improvement (fertilization and re-seeding), to a change in the presentgrazing regime, to commercial afforestation, to scrub encroachment and to certain activities associated with the adjacenttelevision transmission station. Woodland on the site is vulnerable to clearance.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Spahill and Clomantagh Hill SAC [000849]. Generic Version4.0. Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:


The Loughans SAC 000407

NoKilkenny

Grazing is damaging the vegetation locally in the E half. There is also gradual eutrophication from surroundingagriculture, especially intensive to the south. The site would be endangered by any lowering of regional groundwater: e.g. that connected with Galmoy mine.



Threats



NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for The Loughans SAC [000407]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht

SSCO Version:

Turloughs*

Summary data relating to all relevant SPAs sorted according to site name


All Saints Bog SPA 004103

NoOffaly

This raised bog site is particularly vulnerable to drying-out due to water loss caused by the peat milling activities on theadjacent bog. These activities are also likely to cause disturbance to geese which may use the site.

SCIs (Annex I): Non-annex SCIs:


Threats

Site Name: Site Code:

Within 15km of study area

Greenland White-fronted Goose

NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for All Saints Bog SPA [004103]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Blackwater Callows SPA 004094

NoCork, Waterford

While water quality in the system is mostly good there are localised stretches which have been polluted from agriculturalrun-off and from point sources. Pollution remains a general threat to water quality within the site.



Threats



Black-tailed Godwit

Teal

Wigeon

Wetlands & Waterbirds

Whooper Swan

NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Blackwater Callows SPA [004094]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Dovegrove Callows SPA 004137

NoOffaly

There are no known threats to the birds at this site.



Threats



Greenland White-fronted goose

NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Dovegrove Callows SPA [004137]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:



Dungarvan Harbour SPA 004032

YesWaterford

The southern part of the bay has been extensively developed for intertidal shellfish cultivation. Possible implications areloss of, and changes to, the intertidal habitats, and increased disturbance to wintering birds. Some disturbance may alsobe caused to the birds by recreational activities.



Threats



Black-tailed Godwit

Curlew

Dunlin

Great Crested Grebe

Grey Plover

Knot

Lapwing

Light-bellied Brent Goose

Oystercatcher

Red-breasted Merganser

Redshank

Shelduck

Turnstone


Bar-tailed Godwit

Golden Plover

NPWS (2012) Conservation Objectives: Dungarvan Harbour SPA 004032. Version 1.0. National Parksand Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht

SSCO Version:

Lough Derg (Shannon) SPA 004058

NoClare, Galway, Tipperary

Lough Derg was classified as being strongly eutrophic in the early 1990s. Since 1997, a monitoring programme on theShannon lakes has shown that the symptoms of eutrophication previously documented (i.e. high chlorophyll level andreduced water visibility) have been ameliorated significantly. These reductions have coincided with the invasion of theShannon system by the Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), a species which feeds on plankton, and also improvementsto reduce phosphorus in sewage plants in the catchment. Enrichment of the lake, both by agricultural run-off and sewage,remains a threat and could affect the bird population, especially the diving duck. Whilst the presence of Dreissenapolymorpha in Lough Derg appears to have improved water quality in the lake, in the long-term this invasive bivalve maythreaten the ecology of the lake. Recreational activities presently cause disturbance to the birds and an increase in such



Threats


Within study area


Cormorant

Goldeneye

Tufted Duck

Common Tern

NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Lough Derg (Shannon) SPA [004058]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:



Middle Shannon Callows SPA 004096

NoGalway, Offaly, Tipperary,Westmeath

The principal threat to the ornithological interests in this site is agricultural improvement including drainage attempts toreduce winter flooding. Since 1993 a grant scheme for Crex crex has been in operation for landowners to allow latecutting of meadows. Continuous management is considered to be necessary to maintain the population. However, despitethe conservation efforts, summer flooding reduces the numbers in some years. Agricultural intensification may also beaffecting numbers of breeding waders. Wildfowling causes some disturbance.



Threats


Within study area

Black-headed Gull

Black-tailed Godwit

Lapwing

Wigeon


Corncrake

Golden Plover

Whooper Swan

NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Middle Shannon Callows SPA [004096]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

River Little Brosna Callows SPA 004086

NoOffaly, Tipperary

Any attempts at further drainage to reduce the extent of winter flooding could be detrimental to the bird populationsusing the site. The intensification of agriculture in recent years, with earlier mowing and the replacement of hay withsilage, is likely to have caused the decline and eventual absence of breeding Crex crex. This may also be affectingnumbers of breeding waders, especially Vanellus vanellus which formerly bred. Wildfowling causes some disturbance.



Threats


Within study area

Black-headed Gull

Black-tailed Godwit

Lapwing

Pintail

Shoveler

Teal

Wigeon


Golden Plover


Whooper Swan

NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for River Little Brosna Callows SPA [004086]. Generic Version4.0. Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

River Nore SPA 004233

No

No data available (Dec 2014).



Threats



Kingfisher

NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for River Nore SPA [004233]. Generic Version 4.0. Department ofArts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:



River Shannon and River Fergus SPA 004077

YesClare, Kerry, Limerick

The site receives pollution from several sources, including industry and agriculture, but it is not known if this has anysignificant impacts on the wintering birds. Reclamation of land is a threat near to the urbanised and industrial areas.Aquaculture occurs and may increase in the future. Spartina is well established and may threaten the estuarine habitats.Some disturbance occurs from boating activities.



Threats




Black-headed Gull

Black-tailed Godwit

Cormorant

Curlew

Dunlin

Greenshank

Grey Plover

Knot

Lapwing

Light-bellied Brent Goose

Pintail

Redshank

Ringed Plover

Scaup

Shelduck

Shoveler

Teal

Bar-tailed Godwit

Golden Plover

Whooper Swan

NPWS (2012) Conservation Objectives: River Shannon and River Fergus Estuaries SPA 004077. Version1.0. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

River Suck Callows SPA 004097

NoGalway, Roscommon

Arterial drainage in the past has reduced the area of naturally flooded grasslands, and drainage and land improvementremain the principal threats to the site. The intensification of agriculture in recent years, with earlier mowing and thereplacement of hay with silage, is likely to have caused the decline and eventual absence of breeding Crex crex.Wildfowling causes some disturbance.



Threats



Lapwing

Wigeon


Golden Plover


Whooper Swan

NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for River Suck Callows SPA [004097]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:



Slieve Aughty Mountains SPA 004168

NoClare, Galway

A threat to the long term survival of Circus cyaneus within the site is unsustainable afforestation, which would reduce orfragment the area of foraging habitat, resulting in possible reduction in breeding density and productivity.



Threats



Hen Harrier

Merlin

NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Slieve Aughty Mountains SPA [004168]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Slieve Bloom Mountains SPA 004160

NoLaois, Offaly

The main threat to the long-term survival of Hen Harrier within the site is further afforestation, which would reduce andfragment the area of foraging habitat, resulting in possible reductions in breeding densities and productivity. Much of theunplanted bog is a Statutory Nature Reserve.



Threats



Hen Harrier

NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Slieve Bloom Mountains SPA [004160]. Generic Version 4.0.Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

Slievefelim to Silvermines Mountains SPA 004165


There are no immediate threats to this site from landuse or development activities. However, further planting within thissite would reduced the amount of foraging habitat for Hen Harriers, with a possible reduction in breeding density andpossibly productivity (as foraging areas become further fragmented).



Threats


Within study area

Hen Harrier

NPWS (2015) Conservation objectives for Slievefelim to Silvermines Mountains SPA [004165]. GenericVersion 4.0. Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

SSCO Version:

NATURA IMPACT REPORT APPENDIX I - tipperarycoco.ie · natura impact report - appendix i summary...

Documents

Transcript of NATURA IMPACT REPORT APPENDIX I - tipperarycoco.ie · natura impact report - appendix i summary...