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Transcript of NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 1Ottawa, October 11, 2014 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all...
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 1Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
WELCOME: Integrated Management System for Antwerp Harbor and Polish landfill site
Ludo Diels1
W. Dejonghe1, J. Bronders1, K. Vanbroekhoven1, S. Van Roy1,A. Szewczyk2, M. Zabochnicka-Swiatek2, J. Szdzuj3, G. Malina2
1. Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO, Mol, Belgium2. Czestochowa University of Technology, TUC, Czestochowa, Poland
3. Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, IETU, Katowice, PolandNATO – CCMS meeting, Ottawa, 12 – 15 June, 2005
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 2Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
WELCOME: Integrated Management System for Antwerp Harbor and Polish landfill site
• IMS: reminder
• Antwerp Harbor Site
• Tarnowskie Gory Landfill Site
• Conclusions
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 3Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
IMS: Reminder
1. Megasite 1. Definition of the site as a megasite2. Regulations and boundary conditions3. Definition of the organisatorial role and management of the megasite
2. Risks and risk reduction1. Megasite conceptual model2. Regional risk approach by clustering3. Risk reducing measures per risk cluster
3. Management scenarios or conceptual model1. Risk reduction scenarios at megasite scale2. Effects and uncertainties of the risk scenarios3. Cost effective calculation of the selected scenarios4. Priorities of the scenarios
4. Long term planning and management of a megasite1. Technical implementation and monitoring plan2. Long term audit of the IMS
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 4Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Source-path-receptor model Antwerp harbour
Planes of compliance
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 5Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Selection of study area among 16 clusters
• Selection of example area for IMS application
• Clusters based on:– type of activity– availability of data– location of the area (docks)
1
2
43
8
5
7
96
10
11
15
16
14
1312
1
2
43
8
5
7
96
10
11
15
16
14
1312
1
2
43
8
5
7
96
10
11
15
16
14
1312
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 6Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
GIS data :Groundwater + type of investigation
groundwaterlevelpreliminary investigation
descriptive investigation
no investigation carried out
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 7Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
concentration lower than back ground level (BGL)concentration higher than BGL but lower than soil remediation criteria concentration higher than SRCconcentration higher than 10 X SRC
concentration lower than back ground level (BGL)concentration higher than BGL but lower than soilconcentration higher than SR
GIS interpretation of benzene in groundwater
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 8Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Source – path – receptor evaluation
321
Example area
1, 2 + 3 : flow lines
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 9Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
0
1000
2000
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7000
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Tijd (jaren)
C (
µg/l)
Source – path – receptor evaluation: flux calculation
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Tijd (jaren)
C (µ
g/l)
flow line 2
peak flow to dock = 60 g benzene /day
After dilution:1.9 10-4 µg benzene/l surface water
flow line 1
Time (years) Time (years)
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 10Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Conclusions and Actions
• IMS can be used on the harbor of Antwerp• Integration of GIS data from Port of Antwerp and
OVAM• Management of pollution over time and prioritisation• Document on the IMS for Antwerp, agreed by different
stakeholders, to the ministry of Environment• Discussions about implementation in legislation are
planned • In the mean time a second case ‘Kempen area’ heavy
metal contaminated megasite (> 300 km²)
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 11Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Tarnowskie Góry site
• Main pollutants: Cd, Zn, Cu, Ba, B, Sr, As: 100-250 000 ppb Diffuse pollution
* Soil: metal dust via the wind* Surface water: groundwater + rain water infiltration
Source pollution: * From waste heaps and old landfills* Into groundwater, Quaternary and Triassic aquifer
• Objectives of our study:1. General approach to manage the risks of heavy metals in contaminated areas2. Passive remediation measures: lab scale tests
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 12Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Conceptual Model for the Tarnowskie Góry Megasite (Poland)
Q – Quaternary aquiferTr – Triassic aquiferDW – drinkwater well
Q
Tr
Sa,b – source of contamination
2
3
5
1
4
DW DW
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 13Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Remediation options for Tarnowskie Góry Megasite
Q – Quaternary aquiferTr – Triassic aquiferDW – drinking well
Q
Tr
Sa,b – source of contamination
2
5
3 1
4
DW DW
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 14Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Remediation measures at the unsaturated zone
Q – Quaternary aquiferTr – Triassic aquiferDW – drinking well
Q
Tr
Sa,b – source of contamination
2
1
DW DW
Plants?Additives?
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 15Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Remediation measures at the unsaturated zone
Changes in the leaching rate of Zn from soil 1676 and soil 1676 enriched with dolomite (Zn_d) after adddition of the natural acidic water
0
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0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
V [ml]
mg
Zn
Zn add with water
Zn_d
Zn add with water_d
1. Soil + dolomite:- Reduced leaching Zn - No reduced leaching Sr and Ba
2. Soil + diatomeaus earth:- Release metals
3. Soil + zeolites, Metasorb: - Reduced leaching of Zn- Limited leaching of Sr and Ba
Soil + dolomite
soil
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 16Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Remediation measures at the unsaturated zoneMeasured with BIOMET®-sensor
Soil + waste products:
- Dolomites - Diatomeaous earth- Zeolites
Soil % bioavailable
Zn
Diatomeaous earth
~ 100
Dolomite ~ 90
Zeolites ~ 67
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 17Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Evaluation of In situ treatment options for the Tarnowskie Gory megasite
Installation of Reactive zones or
Permeable Reactive Barriers based on:
- Adsorption
- In situ bioprecipitation process
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 18Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Remediation measures at the saturated zone
Q – Quaternary aquiferTr – Triassic aquiferDW – drinking well
Q
Tr
Sa,b – source of contamination
2
3 1
DW DW
PlantsAdditives
Sorption?ISBP?
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 19Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Remediation measures at the saturated zoneQuaternary aquifer
Element/Metal
ZVI Compost Zeolite Metasorb
Sr - - + +
B - - - +(1)
Ba - + + +
Zn + ND + +
Cd + + + +
Cu + + + +
+: good removal; -: no removal
(1): special anionic Metasorb
ZVI: Zero Valent Iron
Groundwater flow
Sorption barrier
Source
Plume
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 20Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Remediation measures at the saturated zone
C3H6O3 + SO42- ↔ CH3COO- + S2-
S2- + Me2+ ↔ MeS (immobilisation)
(1) Using different aquifer types: - sand (Pr6 and Pr4) - clay (Pr2 and Pr5)
(2) Using different C-sources:- molasses- HRC® (Regenesis)- MRC® (Regenesis)- acetate
Groundwater flow direction
Plume
Source Reactive zone: ISBP
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 21Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
+++: very fast; ++: fast; ± removal; - no removal; S: sand; C: clay
Metal Sand
NA
Clay
NA
Formal-
dehyde
Sand + HRC®, acetate
Clay + HRC®, acetate
Sand + molasses
Clay + molasses
SO4 ± ± - +++ ++ +++ ++
Sr - - - - - Release -
B - - - - - Release -
Ba - - - - - release -
Zn ± ± - +++ ++ ++ ++
Cu ± ± - +++ ++ ++ ++
Remediation measures at the saturated zoneQuaternary aquifer
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 22Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Remediation measures at the saturated zoneQuaternary aquifer
1. Molecular technique: Detection SRB by PCR dsrB gene
2. Sequential extraction:- Immobilisation Zn and Cu- Not for Ba, B, and Sr
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 23Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Remediation measures at the saturated zoneTriassic aquifer
Q – Quaternary aquiferTr – Triassic aquiferDW – drinking well
Q
Tr
Sa,b – source of contamination
2
3
5
1
4
DW DW
Plants Additives
SorptionISBP
Sorption + ISBP?
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 24Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Remediation measures at the saturated zoneTriassic aquifer
Immobilisation metals by:
1. Stimulation ISBP by different C- sources:
- Molasses- HRC® (Regenesis)- MRC® (Regenesis)- Lactate
2. Precipitation metals by different adsorbents:
- Zeolite- Dolomite- Diatomeaous earth
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 25Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Remediation measures at the saturated zoneTriassic aquifer
sulfate concentration in function of time S1 (mg/l)
0
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
time(days)
sulf
ate
(mg
/l)
P25+S1
P25+S1+formaldehyde
P25+S1 dolomite+HRC
P25+S1 zeolite+HRC
P25+S1 diatomic earth+ HRC
P25+S1 HRC
P25+S1 HRC +N/P
P25+S1 dolomite molasse
P25+S1 zeolite molasse
P25+S1diatomic earth molasse
P25+S1molasse
P25+S1 MRC
P25+S1 lactate
P25+S1 lactate+N/P
Zeolite + molasses
Zeolite + HRC®
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 26Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Remediation measures at the saturated zoneTriassic aquifer
+ removal; - no removal
MetalNo addition HRC®, MRC®,
lactate, molasse
C-source + dolomite, diat.
earth
C-source + zeolite
SO4 - + + (+)
Zn - + + (+)
Sr - - - +
B - - - + (>35 %)
Ba - - - +C-source: molasse or HRC®
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 27Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Conclusions on remediation measures at the Tarnowskie Góry Megasite
Unsaturated zone- Evaluation of plants
Toxicity towards plants Selection of low-uptake plants to prevent spreading heavy
metals: grass- Immobilization with additives
Control by - BIOMET® -test - Plant uptake tests - Leaching tests Zn immobilisation by dolomite and zeolite; release by
diatomeaus earth Sr and Ba immobilisation by zeolites and Metasorb B immobilisation by combination of ApX-As and Metasorb-anionic)
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 28Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Conclusions on remediation measures at the Tarnowskie Góry Megasite
(II) Saturated zone- Quaternary aquifer
* Adsorption on adsorbents in a Permeable Reactive Barrier• All metals removed by zeolite except B• B removal ↔ Metasorb (arsenate) + Apeyron adsorbent
* In situ bioprecipitation• Difficult for B, Sr and Ba• More mobile metals as Zn and Cu very well removed but stimulation by C-sources (NOT molasse!) necessary • Molecular technique: unravelling microbial populations
- Triassic zone* In situ bioprecipitation in combination with additives
• ISBP for Zn but C-sources needed• Zeolite + HRC® or molasse for B, Ba and Sr but some inhibition ISBP!• Confirmation necessary of adsorbents + C-sources
NATO-CCMS, IMS-Antwerp-TG, 29Ottawa, April 11, 2023 confidential – © 2005, VITO NV – all rights reserved
Integrated Management System: applicable on- Harbor sites- Large industrial sites Possibilities for passive treatment systems- Metallurgical sites- Mining areas- Surface treatment- …
ISBP: www.vito.be IMS: www.euwelcome.nl