Native TexansNative Texans

The Ancient TexansThe Ancient Texans

p. 80 - 83p. 80 - 83

The First Texans ArriveThe First Texans Arrive►Before paper, people passed history down Before paper, people passed history down

by telling stories. by telling stories. ►People migrated to the Western People migrated to the Western

Hemisphere as early as 35,000 years ago. Hemisphere as early as 35,000 years ago. ►They migrated from Asia over a land bridge They migrated from Asia over a land bridge

connecting Siberia and Alaska. connecting Siberia and Alaska. ►Today Siberia and Alaska are separated by Today Siberia and Alaska are separated by

a narrow body of water, the a narrow body of water, the Bering StraitBering Strait. . ►Water did not always cover this area and Water did not always cover this area and

people simply walked across the land. people simply walked across the land. ►These early people were hunters and These early people were hunters and

followed herds of animals to modern-day followed herds of animals to modern-day Alaska. Alaska.

Artifacts are Historical CluesArtifacts are Historical Clues►Much of what is known about ancient Much of what is known about ancient

people comes from studies by people comes from studies by archeologistsarcheologists – scientists who study – scientists who study evidence of past human activity. evidence of past human activity.

►They search for artifacts such as tools, They search for artifacts such as tools, artwork, bones, and pottery. artwork, bones, and pottery.

►Changes in pottery or tools may be Changes in pottery or tools may be evidence of people moving into an area.evidence of people moving into an area.

►Human bones provide information about Human bones provide information about how ancient people looked and what how ancient people looked and what diseases they endured.diseases they endured.

Early People Hunt for FoodEarly People Hunt for Food►The first inhabitants of Texas are believed The first inhabitants of Texas are believed

to have arrived over 10,000 years ago. to have arrived over 10,000 years ago. ►They obtained their food by hunting large They obtained their food by hunting large

animals. animals. ►The people lived in small groups and The people lived in small groups and

stayed in one place only temporarily stayed in one place only temporarily ((nomadsnomads). They often followed the herds ). They often followed the herds of animals.of animals.

►To help them find and prepare food, they To help them find and prepare food, they developed a variety of tools made of developed a variety of tools made of stone or bone. stone or bone.

►They did not depend on meat alone, but They did not depend on meat alone, but gathered berries, nuts, and roots.gathered berries, nuts, and roots.

Hunters Become FarmersHunters Become Farmers►Sometime around 100A.D. several groups of Sometime around 100A.D. several groups of

people in Texas began to adopt a settled way people in Texas began to adopt a settled way of life and began to grow their own food. of life and began to grow their own food.

►Farming meant a more dependable source of Farming meant a more dependable source of food. food.

►More available food meant an increase in More available food meant an increase in population. population.

►People no longer roamed in search of food People no longer roamed in search of food and formed villages. and formed villages.

►Living in one place meant there was more Living in one place meant there was more work to do- resulting in a more complex work to do- resulting in a more complex society. society.

Different Cultures EmergeDifferent Cultures Emerge►The early people of Texas developed into The early people of Texas developed into

distinct cultures – all the ways groups of distinct cultures – all the ways groups of people express and conduct themselves. people express and conduct themselves. (language, clothing, beliefs, etc…)(language, clothing, beliefs, etc…)

►Anthropologists have named the four Anthropologists have named the four culture groups:culture groups: Southeastern CulturesSoutheastern Cultures Gulf CulturesGulf Cultures Pueblo CulturesPueblo Cultures Plains CulturesPlains Cultures

►Each of these cultures developed Each of these cultures developed differently as they adapted to the differently as they adapted to the physical surroundings. physical surroundings.

Which group of Indians were Which group of Indians were wealthy farmers due to their wealthy farmers due to their

location in Texas?location in Texas?►A. ComanchesA. Comanches►B. KarankawasB. Karankawas►C. ApachesC. Apaches►D. CaddoesD. Caddoes

These Native Americans lived on the Plains, These Native Americans lived on the Plains, were fierce warriors and good traders. They were fierce warriors and good traders. They came to Texas around the same time as the came to Texas around the same time as the

Spanish.Spanish.

►A. Alabama CoushattasA. Alabama Coushattas►B. ComanchesB. Comanches►C. CaddoesC. Caddoes►D. KarankawasD. Karankawas