Welcome to 8th grade Social Studies!

Native Americans & European Exploration

Today’s Topic:

Lesson Objectives

• Understand the impact of European explorers and settlers on the Native American population.

• Explain how Spanish exploration and settlement affected Native Americans.

Georgia’s Beginning-There were 4 early periods of

Native American cultures.• Paleo Indians-Period lasted about

10,000 (approximately 18.000 BC to 8,000 BC) years. Nomadic hunters. They used the atlatl to hunt large animals.

• Archaic Indians-Period lasted from 8,000 to 1,000 BC. They moved with each season to find food. Used tools to assist with hunting and with work tasks.

• Woodland Indians-Period lasted from 1,000 BC to 1,000 AD. Families began to live together and form tribes. They used bow and arrows to hunt. They held religious ceremonies.

• Mississippian Indians-Period lasted from 900 AD until the arrival of European explorers (in the 1500s). Most advanced group. They protected villages using fences and moats. They were a religious group that built Temple Mounds as places of worship.

The Three G’s Of Exploration:

1. God- converting heathen to a civilized religion such as Christianity

2. Gold- gaining as much wealth as possible

3. Glory- proving power and might to rival nations

Timeline of Georgia’s Founding:• 1540: Hernando de Soto explores the land now

known as Georgia.

1566: Santa Catalina, a Spanish mission located on St. Catherine's Island, was established. It is the earliest known European settlement in Georgia.

1674-1680: Dr. Henry Woodward explores Georgia. He is the first English explorer of Georgia. In 1680, he led an attack against the Spanish.

Timeline of Georgia’s Founding:• 1739: The War of Jenkins' Ear, between England

and Spain, began. In 1739, the war started because of raids on ships and disputes over the boundary of Spanish Florida and Georgia.

July 7, 1742: The Battle of Bloody Marsh marked the end of the Spanish threat in Georgia. James Oglethorpe led the English to victory. England became more supportive of Georgia as a colony after this battle.

Europeans Arrive• Spanish explorers and

missionaries entered Georgia early in the 16th century.

• Spanish explorer Hernando DeSoto led 600 soldiers inland from the Gulf of Mexico. They were searching for “cities of Gold” in the new world.

The Journey

Hernando de Soto:• Journey: 4,000 miles from the

Gulf of Mexico to the interiorsoutheast of North America

• Goal: gold

• Method: kill what may stop his search

• Results: failure to find gold, thousands of Indians killed by battles or diseases, impact of European influence permanent in Georgia. Most of DeSoto’s army lost to disease and starvation; DeSoto himself died along Mississipi River.

Spanish Settlements in Georgia

Spanish• Established St. Augustine, Florida as their

first permanent settlement in North America.• In 1566, they moved north to St. Catherine’s

Island off the Georgia coast.• Posts were established on other Georgia

barrier islands including Cumberland, St. Simons, and Sapelo Islands.

• The Spanish established missions wherever they went, hoping to convert the Indians to their Catholic religion.

Spanish Artifacts in Georgia

Native Americans In the Fight For Land:

• In the North American colonies, Europeans allied themselves with some groups of Native Americans and fought against others.

• Trade with Native Americans became very important, and as allies, Native Americans helped different European countries fight each other for control of the New World.

De Soto’s Exploration

De Soto’s Exploration

Consequences• 1. Native Americans were often forced to

accept European religion. • 2. Thousands of Native Americans were

enslaved by the conquering Spanish and relocated to other Spanish colonies.

• 3. Perhaps millions of Native Americans were killed by Spanish weapons and, more significantly, Spanish diseases like smallpox.

• 4. Some tribes (ex., the Careb & Arawok) were killed into extinction.

Spanish Explorers

Native America

ns Attack

Native Americans as European Allies:    Native Americans allied themselves with rivaling

European settlers. Many times, the Native Americans who were allies with the English became slave raiders, armed groups who demanded slaves. They captured other Native Americans who were allied with Spain and sold them to English slave traders. The Spanish would encourage Native American allies, like the Yamasee, to raid trade centers of the English. In 1732, the Yamasee Native Americans raided the trade center in South Carolina after the Spanish encouraged them.

European Influence at a Glance:

• French- mostly northeastern North America (Canada)• Spanish- Mostly southern North America and all of

South America (except Brazil)• English- middle eastern part of North America

Reasons for Exploration• France, England, and Spain competed to

dominate North America and claim the land beginning in 1400.

• Economic reasons-seeking riches such as gold.

• Natural resources such as fish, forests, and fur.

• Desire to spread religion to other lands• Many explorers were driven by personal

ambition—for glory.

FYI – Terms You Need to Know!

• The Barter Economy: an economic system in which Native Americans and early colonists traded or exchanged goods without the use of money.

• Bartering is a traditional form of economics – probably the oldest form of economics because people were exchanging goods and services without money for thousands of years before anyone thought to invent money.

• A good is any item that can be bought, sold, or traded.

• A service is any action that one does for another in exchange for some form of payment. (Payment does not have to be money; it can be another service or a product.)

• Under a free trade policy, prices emerge from supply and demand, which also determines how resources in the economic system are allocated.

Ticket Out The Door

Which Native American tribe is most commonly identified with Georgia?