Native American History Jackson to Progressive Era: A History of Displacement.
Native American Policy Under Andrew Jackson. “ How do we solve the “Indian Problem”?
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Transcript of Native American Policy Under Andrew Jackson. “ How do we solve the “Indian Problem”?
Native American Native American Policy Under Policy Under
Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson
“How do we solve the “Indian Problem”?
What does the term “Indian Problem mean”?
The U.S. population is expanding and moving west into Native lands.
What does this imply?
Glancing back at recent Native American History what threechoices do the Natives have?
Black Hawk WarBlack Hawk War1827 - US govt says all
Native Americans must leave Illinois
Chief Black Hawk of the Sauk refuses, saying no one can own land
US settlers moved into village when they were away hunting
After Sauk attacks, US troops drive out Indians
Two Points of View (aka Two Points of View (aka “Join or Die”)“Join or Die”)Removal (Die if you
don’t leave).
Assimilation (Join if you
want to try and stay).
Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act
• President Jackson pushes Congress to force Indians to move west of the Mississippi
• Congress established Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) as the new Indian homeland
• US govt creates Bureau of Indian Affairs
“The policy of the General Government toward the red man is not only liberal, but generous. He is unwilling to submit to the laws of the States and mingle with their population. To save him from this alternative, or perhaps utter annihilation, the General Government kindly offers him a new home, and proposes to pay the whole expense of his removal and settlement.” Andrew Jackson
1.What can be inferred about Jackson’s attitudes by the use of the word generous?
2.How does Jackson propose to “save” the Red Man?
3. Compare how Jackson describes the government “offer” to how the Natives might react?
AssimilationAssimilation• What does this word mean?
• To adopt the ways of another culture : to fully become part of a different society, country, etc.
Five “Civilized Tribes”Five “Civilized Tribes”
CherokeeChoctawCreekChickasawSeminoleWhat does the term “Civilized mean”?
Cherokee IndiansCherokee Indians• Lived peacefully in the
Appalachian Mountains of Georgia and Tennessee
• Adopted culture of whites - wrote and spoke English
• Had own written language and newspaper
• Based their government on the U.S. Constitution
• Owned slaves
Cherokee Sue For LandCherokee Sue For LandCherokee sued the
government of Georgia for taking their land.
Cherokee took legal action in Worcester vs. Georgia.
Supreme Court Justice Marshall ruled: Georgia’s actions are illegal and that the Cherokee can stay.
President Andrew JacksonPresident Andrew Jackson
“Chief Justice John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it.”
1) What is the job of the Supreme Court?
2) What is the job of the President?
3) What should happen if a government official refuses to do his job?
Trail of TearsTrail of TearsGeorgia govt.
smashes in Cherokee printing press
US troops move 18,000 Cherokee at gunpoint 800 miles from 1838-1839
25% of Cherokee died - most elderly and children
Trail of Tears AssignmentTrail of Tears Assignment• Write a three entry diary about your
experiences on the Trail of Tears and how your life was/will be affected by the move from Georgia to Oklahoma.
• Entry One - Before you leave (court case)• Entry Two - On the Trail (struggles during the
trip)• Entry Three - When you arrive in Indian
Territory (how life has changed)• Detail earns points - cover emotion, fears, pain,
successes with colorful adjectives and adverbs• Due next class