Nationalist Revolutions. Latin American Revolutions Revolution in Haiti It was the first Latin...
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Transcript of Nationalist Revolutions. Latin American Revolutions Revolution in Haiti It was the first Latin...
Latin American RevolutionsRevolution in Haiti
It was the first Latin American territory to free itself from European control.
It was basically a slave revolt Toussaint L’ Ouverture led the revoltJanuary 1, 1804-it was declared an independent countryJean-Jacques Dessalines took up the fight for Toussaint
L’Ouverture
Latin American Colonial SocietyPeninsulares-Men who were born in Spain, and held high political offices.
In this way, Spain was able to keep the loyalty of its colonial leaders.Creoles-Spaniards born in Latin America, and they had limited political
power, but they did have military power.Mestizos-Persons of mixed European and Indian ancestry.Mulattos-Persons of mixed European and African ancestryAfricans Indians or Natives Indians were of very little value to the Spaniards, and were severely
oppressed.
Simon Bolivar
“The Liberator”Venezuelan CreoleBrilliant GeneralVenezuela and ColombiaWrote Bolivia’s Constitution“I will not rest until I have broken the chains that bind us to the will of Spain”
Jose de San MartinLatin American Revolutionary1816-Argentina declared its independence from SpainSan Martin and Bolivar will join forces in Latin
AmericaSan Martin is considered to be the liberator of
Argentina, Chile, and PeruSan Martin dies in Europe
Mexico Ends Spanish Rule In Mexico, Indians and Mestizos played the
leading role.
Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Maria Morelos were key revolutionaries .
In 1821, Mexico declares its independence from Spain.
Independence in BrazilAfter Napoleon invaded the Iberian Peninsula,
the Portuguese royal family fled to Brazil.Brazil served as the capital of the Portuguese
empire for 14 years.1822-creoles demanded independence from
Portugal.After 8,000 Brazilians signed a petition, Dom
Pedro agreed to rule, and he officially declared Brazil’s independence.
Brazil is independent…bloodless revolution!
Revolutions Disrupt EuropeRadicals, Liberals, and Conservatives contribute
to a new movement-NationalismLanguage, Religion, Culture, History,
Territory….Nationalism is the belief that one should be loyal
to a nation of people who share a common history and culture.
Nation-state-a nation has its own independent government.
1848 Revolutions-considered failures..increased nationalistic tensions.
Unification of ItalyGiuseppe Mazzini organized Young Italy-he
wanted to free Italy from foreign rulers.Count Cavour unified northern ItalyGiuseppe Garibaldi unified southern Italy“The Red Shirts”The area around Rome was the last to join
the “unified” Italy.Italy faced political instability and economic
problems
Unification in GermanyOtto von BismarckRealpolitik-”the politics of reality”Franco-Prussian War was the final stage in
German unification.1871-German Unification is achieved.King Wilhelm is crowned Kaiser.Germans called this the Second Reich.Bismarck had achieved Prussian dominance
over Germany and Europe by “blood and iron”
Revolution in the ArtsRomanticism-feelings, thoughts, and emotionsRomantics rejected the rigid, orderly worldFocus on the imagination and the supernaturalCherished Folk TraditionsBeethoven-Romantic ComposerThe Brothers GrimmEmily Bronte-Wuthering HeightsMary Shelley’s Frankenstein
Shift to RealismIndustrialization……….huge impact on everyday
life in Europe-show life the way it really is…Paintings showed images of real working people.Charles Dickens-see p. 243The first practical photographs were
called .......daguerreotypesWilliam Talbot-invented a type of light sensitive
paper that could be used to produce many prints from one negative.
Photography was the art of the new industrial age.
Characteristics of ImpressionismArtists wanted to give their impression of a
subject or a moment of time.The used bright, shimmering colors to
capture a moment seen at a glance.Impressionists showed a more positive view
of the new urban society in Europe.Edouard ManetClaude MonetPierre-Auguste Renoir