Nationalism

Nationalism

Social Studies 9

Ms. Rebecca

Questions for this lesson:

1. What is a nation? 2. To what extent is nationalism a positive

force in society? Use the unification of Italy OR Germany to support your answer.

Nationalism in Europe and America

For our next unit we are going to learn about how nationalism affected people in Europe and America.

http://cwisdb.kuleuven.be/kaarten/basiskaart/europe.gif

Do now:

What do you have in common with other people from your country?

Things people from one country may have in common

Language History Culture Holidays Television shows Movies Music

Nationalism in Europe

Europe was a pretty big deal in the world around the 1700s and 1800s

http://images.google.co.th/imgres?imgurl=http://web.library.emory.edu/subjects/humanities/history/Nationalism/Nationalism.jpg&imgrefurl=http://web.library.emory.edu/subjects/humanities/history/Nationalism/natlismindex.html&usg=__3-g5GlAxnyBcDZCt1uvwesnyvW4=&h=334&w=482&sz=54&hl=en&start=1&sig2=iJRSAbo0vWIs5jWhJ9TqTg&tbnid=EnogsfpaSaSANM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnationalism%2Bin%2BEurope%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den&ei=dcOpSsySHNKLkAW_5NCVBg

Nationalism in Europe

Many different wars had been happening throughout Europe during the 1700s and 1800s but people were sick of them.

http://images.google.co.th/imgres?imgurl=http://www.wordinfo.info/words/images/Eng-hist-20B-100-yrs-war.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.wordinfo.info/words/index/info/view_unit/4208&usg=__VFgJjeyDQA01Y1eK-4lQTs6O4rM=&h=467&w=450&sz=121&hl=en&start=1&sig2=rb5mHuOIKhnUoB1fX4d8IA&tbnid=WsiFhRsGZ6ai7M:&tbnh=128&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwar%2Bin%2BFrance%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den&ei=NMSpSs39GtGGkAXF_IyVBg

Congress of Vienna

So, a group of European leaders decided that if they could stop one of the most powerful countries (France) from getting in fights with other countries, then they would have less wars.

http://www.thesharkbook.com/blog/uploaded_images/french-guy-706335.jpg

Congress of Vienna

The European leaders created a bunch of different new European states that would surround France and separate it from its enemies.

http://images.google.co.th/imgres?imgurl=http://thesocialstudiesteacher.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/l2-post-congress-of-vienna-map.jpg&imgrefurl=http://thesocialstudiesteacher.wordpress.com/2008/09/16/tuesday-september-16th/&usg=__PZXAtHgK1j3_MVa87S3O_HCyOiY=&h=1000&w=1292&sz=356&hl=en&start=1&sig2=9c_CTVLN_gyXIr0-kv0qwg&tbnid=0NwqUR1VMx_VxM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCongress%2Bof%2BVienna%2Bmap%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den&ei=fcWpSsaXA9KHkAWth7GVBg

Problem

These states didn’t want to just be states, they wanted to be their own country. Many of the states were either Italian-speaking states or German-speaking states.

Nationalism

Was a pretty big deal in Europe in the 1800s, especially for the German and Italian speaking states.

http://rlv.zcache.com/proud_of_my_country_tshirt-p235776140206693484q08p_400.jpg

What united the people in the German and Italian speaking states?

Common language Common religion Common culture Common history

http://comps.fotosearch.com/comp/OJO/OJO167/twin-boys-looking_~pe0061279.jpg

Nationalism made it difficult

for Italian states and German states to accept rule from another country that was different from them.

http://www.aljazeerah.info/Cartoons/cartoon%20originals/September/14388_1.jpg

Lots in Common

Italian-speaking states and German speaking states each wanted their states to unite to form one big country. (Italy and Germany)

Italy United

Background: In the 1800s Italy was

split into different states.

Italy United

They were part of the Austrian empire but many Italians wanted to have their own nation.

http://www.internationalgamersawards.net/images/risorgi.jpg

Italy United

How would you feel if someone took over your country and split it up into different states?

Italy United

The Italian peninsula had not been unified since the fall of the Roman empire

http://seeker401.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/13602_fall_of_the_roman_empire_screen_5.jpg

Italy United

Italy didn’t like to be split up into states so they decided they wanted to fight for a united nation of Italy, independent from the rule of Austria.

http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/csl0629l.jpg

What united the people of all the states of Italy

Shared culture: beliefs and ways of life.

http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/1574/PreviewComp/SuperStock_1574R-016094.jpg


History: Shared past connects people

http://www.destination360.com/europe/italy/images/s/italy-history.jpg


Religion, language, land

http://mommylife.net/archives/2009/07/20/eucharist.jpg


Art: Italian artists, writers and thinkers wanted to celebrate Italian culture.

http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg/300px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg

How did Italy finally get unified?

Uprisings and Revolutions

How did Italy finally get unified?

Important guy: Camillo do Cavour

http://schoolnet.gov.mt/history/Options/Italy/Cavour.jpg

Camillo di Cavour

What did he do? Founded a nationalist

newspaper called: “Il Risorgimento” – re-birth

http://digilander.libero.it/fiammecremisi/carneade/Immagine1risorgimento.jpg

Camillo di Cavour

How do newspapers help spread ideas like nationalism?

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Camillo di Cavour

In 1852 he became the Prime Minister of Sardinia: the first state that gained independence from Austria.

http://www.luxuryhotelholidays.com/sardinia/images/map-of-sardinia.jpg

Camillo di Cavour

Cavour’s thoughts:

A good economy is important for Italy to gain independence.

http://70.47.17.42/files/images/electionguide/VSK_PiggyBankHouseholdBills_iStock.jpg

Camillo di Cavour

Good economy means: Italy needed to have

good businesses and people need to buy things so that every person living there could get what they needed and could support their country.

http://blog.nbc.com/ross_blog/PS%20buying%20sunglasses.jpg

Camillo di Cavour

Italy needs a monarchy: one good ruler for the whole united country.

http://images.buycostumes.com/mgen/merchandiser/27401.jpg

Camillo di Cavour

Italy can’t do it alone! So Cavour got France

to agree to help Sardinia in a war against Austria.

http://www.goring-tennis.co.uk/A_helping_hand_hr.jpg

Camillo di Cavour

It worked! With the help from

France, the northern Italian states beat Austria and gained independence.

http://www.executedtoday.com/images/Italian_Unification.jpg

BUT

What about the southern states of Italy?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Southern_Italy_1112.svg/350px-Southern_Italy_1112.svg.png

France decided to stop helping

France made an agreement with Austria so they stopped supporting Italian states.

http://www.sashasroots.com/images/19960831%20Ken%20bye.jpg

The Italians had to fight Austria

All alone!

http://rlv.zcache.com/lonely_soldier_poster-p228124043255234411tdar_210.jpg

Cavour needed

A more powerful army so he asked for help from the powerful: Giuseppe Garibaldi.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Giuseppe_Garibaldi_(1866).jpg

Giuseppe Garibaldi

“sword” of Italy. What do you think he

did to get this title?

http://images.buycostumes.com/mgen/merchandiser/21444.jpg

About Garibaldi

He was kicked out of Italy to South America where he learned Guerilla warfare.

He came back with more knowledge about how to fight.

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__TkYG1RhmoU/Sf9dm_ICIFI/AAAAAAAABo0/z575j6M4Rok/s400/apache+warrior.jpg

Giuseppe Garibaldi

He got 1100 soldiers to join his army.

http://www.smithlifescience.com/SSNationalismGaribaldiNaples.jpg

Giuseppe Garibaldi

The army was called the Red Shirts because of the color of their uniforms.

http://paulastourtalk.typepad.com/paulas_tour_talk/images/garibaldi.jpg

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Led a war with the Sardinian army vs. Austria.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

He and his army won the Kingdom of the two Sicilies for Italy

http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/italy/2sic1860.gif

Giuseppe Garibaldi

In 1861 Italian states had elections and voted for unification…….

Unification

Everyone voted for unification except for Venice and Rome.

Unification

Later, there was a war in France and Austria had to leave Italy to go fight so Venice and Rome became part of a united Italy!

Review

Why did Italian states want to unify? Who is Camillo Di Cavour? Who is Giuseppe Garibaldi?

German Unification

http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/history/map_german_unification.gif

German Unification

Key players: Otto von Bismarck Wilhelm I

German Unification

Things German states had in common:

Language, culture, history, art, music…

http://zisgermanlife.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/grass.jpg

German Unification

Economic and cultural unity:

The German states agreed no to tax trade between the states.

http://www.creditaction.org.uk/assets/images/signs/tax-free.jpg

German Unification


The German people wanted railroads between the states to encourage trade and cooperation between the states.

http://libcom.org/files/images/news/800px-RE_Deutsche_Bahn_AG_Maschen_GFDL%5B1%5D.JPG


Music: Richard Wagner composed a national song for all of the states of Germany.

http://images.forbes.com/media/2009/02/18/Richard-Wagner.jpg


How do you think having a national song helps to unite the people of a country?

http://www.acappellanews.com/images/youngheartchorus.jpg

Otto von Bismarck’s plan for Germany

Leader of German unification He said that rulers should rule with “iron and

blood” not “speeches and decisions”


Known as the “Iron Chancellor”

What do you think that means?

http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=f172dc1e309bae3b&q=Iron%20chancellor&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIron%2Bchancellor%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


He had faith in Prussia. He believe Prussia would help Germany to be unified.

He knew Prussia was too powerful to defeat, so why not be friendly with them and get their support?

http://api.ning.com/files/aJLZ8vGhTkpaO4s4bIlK6*klaAY1CiEM9QTmUoMVyrNhr*xpQR7Dp5NFjkZcskXa-dSw1YEMLfAbEWPsnvSJxOj4ZXUo57Y*/Shaking_Hands.jpg.jpeg


With help from Prussia, Bismarck believed Germany would be more likely to gain unification.


Bismarck thought that a strong military was important to unite Germany.

http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/200804/r244490_996393.jpg


Military: He collected taxes to build the Prussia army even though he was told not to by government.


Wars: He started war with Denmark and won with

the help of Austria.


But Prussia couldn’t get power as long as Austria was in the way. So:

Austro-Prussian War

http://warandgame.files.wordpress.com/2007/08/francohus.jpg


Bismarck got help from Italy and Prussia won the war against Austria.

Prussia won many states to add to their territory after this war.


Prussia was in another war with France in 1820. over land that Prussia wanted. Prussia won and Germany was united.

Prussia became the German empire

In 1821 Germany became one

of the most powerful countries in Europe.

http://cdis.missouri.edu/exec/data/courses/2309/public/lesson01/Fig01_03.jpg

Review

Why did Otto Von Bismarck want unification?

What war helped Germany to become unified?

What is Prussia?

Answer the following:

1. What is a nation? 2. To what extent is nationalism a positive

force in society? Use the unification of Italy OR Germany to support your answer.

How does Nationalism Lead to Imperialism?

What do you think? Questions to answer by the end of the

lesson: 1. Is British Imperialism justified? How? 2. Is British nationalism a force for good?

Explain? 3. To what extent is economics linked to the

global politics of the British empire?

Growth of the British Empire

While German and Italian states were trying to unite to become their own countries, Great Britain was trying to get bigger.

http://www.confederatemercantile.com/british-flag-640.jpg


Empire: when one country (Great Britain) rules over land in other places. (Canada, Australia, New Zealand…)

http://abagond.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/map_of_the_british_empire_in_the_1920s.png


The British Empire grew a lot in the 1800s. Some people said: “The sun never sets on

the British Empire”

http://www.fmft.net/British%20Empire%20the%20sun%20never%20sets%20on%20the%20British%20Empire.gif


Map of the British Empire in the 1800s


Canada: Great Britain and France both wanted land in Canada. So they fought a war there and Great Britain won.

The French and Indian War

http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=62146&rendTypeId=4


So Great Britain ruled Canada but Canadians didn’t like that Great Britain was ruling them. They wanted to be in charge of their own land! (nationalism).

http://rlv.zcache.com/canadian_pride_tshirt-p235217042846933057trlf_400.jpg


Great Britain didn’t want to fight ANOTHER war in Canada.

http://www.srcf.ucam.org/camsaw/Resources/WarNoMore.png


They had also recently LOST a war in America that was fought for the same reason. (America didn’t want to be ruled by Great Britain)

http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~pawccdar/index_files/image002.jpg


So instead of fighting a war, Great Britain tried to make a deal with the Canadians that they would like. They gave Canada self rule.

http://media.onsugar.com/files/ons1/348/3481154/32_2009/b61aab7acfbf170f_lets-make-a-deal1.jpg


Self-rule: a country can rule themselves (make laws and their own decisions) BUT Great Britain would be in charge of Canadian trade and their relationships with other countries.

http://michaelcedar.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2008/05/06/law_3.jpg


Why would Great Britain want to do that?

Because they can still use resources from Canada and they got a good deal on resources that they could use for things like Industry!

http://www.neb.gc.ca/clf-nsi/rpblctn/spchsndprsnttn/2008/mtngnrthmrcndmnd/mg/mg02-eng.jpg


Canada grew after the 1860s, 70s and 80s.


Canada built a railroad in 1885 to connect Eastern Canada with Western Canada. This helped trade and development of the whole area.

http://www.consolidatedmarkets.com/CP3.jpg


When Canada developed, Great Britain won! They benefited from Canada doing well because they were in charge of their trade.

http://resources0.news.com.au/images/2008/06/04/va1237311617195/Money-Getting-Rich-6074944.jpg

Australia

In 1770, British captain James Cook took over the East coast of Australia for Great Britain.

http://drake.marin.k12.ca.us/academics/rock/Cook_files/Captain%2520James%2520Cook.jpg

Australia

Britain first used Australia to send their prisoners to!

http://images.google.co.th/imgres?imgurl=http://timesonline.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/prison.jpg&imgrefurl=http://southernstudies.org/2008/02/nation-and-region-behind-bars.html&usg=__wJoRVgU8KmLABXmy8QEJvRqgvwE=&h=1207&w=800&sz=140&hl=en&start=1&sig2=1Hs9LFgPIyvDjJN8ZEeJUQ&tbnid=D-43Nl4RugPdyM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=99&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPrison%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den&ei=qGrASs3BDZWIkQXtksA5

Australia

Gold! In 1851 gold was found in Australia and many British people traveled to Australia because they wanted to strike it rich.

http://www.russiablog.org/gold.jpg

Australia

– Aborigines: Before the British came to Australia the people living there were called Aborigines.

http://blog.lib.umn.edu/yuanx072/architecture/aboriginals18.jpg

Aborigines

The British didn’t treat Aborigines very well. They took their land and gave them diseases.

Australia

After more and more people had settled in Australia, they decided that they wanted their own country independent from Great Britain.

Australia

So, Great Britain gave them self-rule, just like Canada, in 1850.

All of the colonies of Australia were united into their own country in 1901.

New Zealand

Close to Australia.

http://61.88.2.18/Images/rhradminuploads/blog/new-zealand-map_small.jpg

New Zealand

Great Britain signed a treaty (Agreement) with the native people of New Zealand (Maori) in 1840 which gave Great Britain control over New Zealand.

http://people.stthomasu.ca/~belyea/2003/Maori2.JPG

New Zealand

British moved to New Zealand but they got in many fights with Maori over land in the 1860s and 70s.

New Zealand

SO Great Britain gave New Zealand self-rule in 1907.

Nationalism comes to Aging Europe

Today you are going to learn about how nationalism affected other countries in Europe.


Late 1800s: 3 Great Empires in Eastern Europe:

1. Austria-Hungary 2. Ottoman Empire 3. Russia


But by 1900s those 3 empires were losing strength.

Austria-Hungary

Age of nationalism (love for your country) Nationalism made people who were from

certain nationalities (groups of people who spoke the same language, shared a history and culture) not want to be rule by outsiders.

Reminder

In Western Europe (Italy and Germany) nationalism united people and created new countries.

Nationalism and Independence Movements

Question for today: 1. How do feelings of nationalism lead to

revolution/independence movements?

In Austria

Nationalism was a problem because Austria was German speaking but there were people from many different nationalities living there.

Each group felt nationalism and wanted to not be ruled by Austria. They wanted control over their own country!

One Nationality:

Hungarians. There were MANY Hungarians in Austria and they wanted independence from Austria.

http://www.everyculture.com/multi/images/gema_02_img0118.jpg

So they had a revolution

Hungarian Revolution in 1848

Austria stopped the Hungarians but they didn’t want them to be mad so they made a deal:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Skirmish_during_Hungarian_Revolution_1848-1849.PNG

Hungarian Revolution

Austrian emperor Franz Josef gave Hungarians self-rule and made Hungary a partner with Austria.

That is why the empire was later called: Austria-Hungary

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/images/at-kuk-austria-hungary-1914-2.gif

Do Now:

Why do you think the emperor of Austria would make Hungary a partner with Austria?

http://www.microvision.com/technology/images/mainimage_partner.jpg

Other nationalities also wanted independence from Austria

Serbians Czechs BUT they weren’t

powerful enough to get independence.

http://i.telegraph.co.uk/telegraph/multimedia/archive/00671/celebrate_671583c.jpg

The Ottoman Empire

Map of Ottoman Empire at its strongest:

http://www.mideastweb.org/ara_ottoman1580.gif

The Ottoman Empire

The Empire was once powerful but by the 1800s, it had been losing power for 100s of years.

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3232/2297608284_e2e6041688.jpg

The Ottoman Empire

Parts of the empire broke away.

Example: Greece broke away from the Ottoman Empire and gained independence. It became its own country.

http://images.nationmaster.com/images/motw/europe/greece_div96.jpg

The Ottoman Empire

Because the Ottoman Empire was losing so much land, people began to call it “The sick man of Europe”

http://heavenawaits.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/sick-old-man.jpg

The Ottoman Empire

Sultan Mahmud II was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1808-1839.

He tried to make a strong central government to keep the empire together but he couldn’t.

http://www.fip.org/files/fip/news/SultanMahmudII.jpg

The Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire lost land to more powerful countries like

Austria Russia Great Britain And France

The Ottoman Empire

AND even MORE nationalities broke away from the Ottoman Empire and became independent countries.

http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1219/895220635_71c0ea6ee4.jpg

The Ottoman Empire

By 1913, the Ottoman Empire controlled only a small fraction of what it had ruled in the 1700s.

Independence Movement Project

Now you are going to look at independence movements in other regions and create a prezi or powerpoint to share with the class.

Russia

Russia expanded (grew) during the 1800s. The empire had land from Europe all the way to the Pacific Ocean!

http://www.expresstorussia.com/im/mapRussia.gif

Russia

Land: A lot of the land Russia

took control over was barren.

http://bloggingus.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/cedarmountaiancraigco1-04-09-003.jpg

Russia

Railroad: From 1891-1905 Russians built a railroad across the country. The land the railroad was built on was called: Siberia.

http://baldwindiesels.railfan.net/zine/russia.jpg

Russia

Industry: Russia was NOT a very big industrial country. They didn’t have many factories like the rest of Europe in the 1800s.

http://www.hope4ufa.com/JefPix/farm.jpg

Russia

The czar (ruler) of Russia in 1861 was Alexander II.

He tried to create local government but was assassinated (killed) in 1881.

http://www.google.co.th/imglanding?q=Czar+Alexander+II&hl=en&biw=1011&bih=571&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1&tbnid=MPODDwEGXyHs2M:&imgrefurl=http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/thisday/2009/03/czar-alexander-ii-assassinated.php&imgurl=http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/thisday/uploaded_images/Tsar_Alexander_II_-6-747413.jpg&zoom=1&w=350&h=538&iact=rc&ei=lgTRTLjqEtzycN3UkaEL&oei=lgTRTLjqEtzycN3UkaEL&esq=1&page=1&tbnh=154&tbnw=107&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0

Russia

Like Austria, Russia had many different nationalities living in it’s empire.

Russia didn’t want those nationalities to try to gain independence so they used force to control them and make sure they couldn’t get strong enough to try to break away from Russia.

Russia

One group of people living in Russia that was treated especially bad were Jewish people.

http://www.shalomnewyork.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/looking_jewish_500.jpg

Russia

Russians started riots (violent attacks by a group of people) against Jewish people. These riots were called pogroms.

In 1881 more than 100 Jewish villages were destroyed and Jewish people were killed or forced to leave their homes.

http://grossmanproject.net/Pogrom_victims.jpg

Do Now

If you were afraid the Russian government might destroy your town would you feel strong?

Why do you think the Russians wanted to make certain groups like Jewish people feel weak?

What nation are Russian Jews a part of?

The Crimean War

As Russia became more powerful they wanted control over some land in the Middle East because it was holy according to their religion.

http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH482.jpg

The Crimean War

The land was in a place called Palestine and was under the control of the Ottoman Empire.

http://www.palestinechronicle.com/uploads/1250186653jerusalem_holy_sites.jpg

That same land was also holy to

People of other Christian religions. Many of these people lived in places like:

Great Britain and France

The Crimean War

Great Britain, France, and the Ottoman Empire didn’t want Russia to have control over the holy land in Palestine.

The Crimean War

So, Great Britain, France, and the Ottoman Empire joined together and attacked Russia and fought a war called the Crimean War in 1854.

The Crimean War

The fighting happened in Crimea – a Russian peninsula in the Black Sea.

http://english.pravda.ru/img/idb/ukraine_crimean-peninsula-2.jpg

The Crimean War

Many 1000s of soldiers were killed on both sides of the war.

Russia lost the war in 1856

http://www.britishbattles.com/crimean-war/alma/42nd-Highlanders.jpg

People who helped during the war

Florence Nightingale: A British nurse who was from a wealthy family. She surprised her parents when she said she waned to leave her comfortable life to become a nurse and help hurt soldiers during the war.

Florence Nightingale

Helped to save many soldiers

She helped to make cleaner, better conditions in hospitals so people wouldn’t catch diseases while there.

She inspired many people to become nurses and be heroes.

http://www.commonsensedirections.org/images/Florence%20Nightingale%202.jpg

Review:

How did nationalism lead to the Crimean War?

Why did different groups unite to fight together?

Nationalism

Documents

Transcript of Nationalism