National Wetland Atlas: Orissa (India)

7/30/2019 National Wetland Atlas: Orissa (India)

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IAS@GIAE ZKSEAIC ASEA^4

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^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ nkis}k

@icài ^|ank ]k~ka}no G}jai`~as`giAofkcamac „ >?< <1;

^|gi~g}kc mp

Fì`~s}p gh Kix`}gifkis aic Hg}k~s~

Jgxk}ifkis gh @icà



So`~ |{me`nas`gi ckae~ z`so sok {|caskc casama~k aic~sas{~ gh zkseaic~% ngf|èkc ì Asea~ hg}fas @in}ka~ìjngink}i amg{s ogz g{} zkseaic~ a}k mkìj ìhe{kinkc oa~ekc sg hg}f{eas`gi gh a |}gdkns kis`sekc ―Ias`giae Zkseaic@ixkisg}p aic A~~k~~fkis /IZ@A)‖ sg n}kask ai {|caskccasama~k gh sok zkseaic~ gh @icà Sok zkseaic~ a}knaskjg}`~kc {ick} 10 nea~~k~ aic fa||kc {~ìj ~askee`sk}kfgsk ~ki~ìj casa h}gf @icài ]kfgsk ^ki~ìjâskee sk4 @]^ \8& E@ ^ @@@ ~ki~g} Sok }k~{es~ a}k

g}jai`~kc as 14 ;<% <<< ~naek~ as c`~s}`ns% ~sask aicsg|gj}a|o`n fa| ~okks /^{}xkp gh @icà }khk}kink) ekxke{~ìj Jkgj}a|o`n @ihg}fas gi ^p~skf /J@ ) So`~|{me`nas`gi `~ a |a}s gh so`~ ias`giae zg}b aic ckae~ z`sosok zkseaic ~sas{~ gh a |a}s`n{ea} ^sask'[i`gi Sk}}`sg}p gh@icà% so}g{jo sks% ~sas ~s nae samek~% ~askee sk `fajk~%fa|~ aic j}g{ic |ogsgj}a|o~

Sok asea~ ngf|}`~k~ zkseaic ìhg}fas`gi a}}aijkc ìsgiìk ~kns`gi~ Ogz sok IZ@A |}gdkns zg}b oa~ mkkikkn{skc o`joe`joskc ì sok h }~s ~` ~kns gi~ x`t4@is}gc{ns`gi% IZ@A |}gdkns% ^s{cp a}ka% Casa {~kc%Fksogcgegjp% aic Ann{}anp So`~ `~ sok h`}~s s`fk soas o`jo

}k~ge{s`gi c`j`sae }kfgsk ~ki~ìj casa oa~ mkki {~kc sgfa| aic ckn`|ok} sok ~sas{~ gh sok zkseaic~ as ias`giae~naek Sok fksogcgegjp o`joe`jos~ ogz sok hg{} ~|kns}aemaic~ gh E@^^ @@@ casa /j}kki% }kc% ika} ìh}a }kc aic ~og}szaxk ìh}a }kc) oaxk mkki {~kc sg ck}`xk xa}`g{~ ìc`nk~aic ckn`|ok} ìhg}fas`gi }kja}cìj zask} ~|}kac%s{}m`c`sp aic aq{as`n xkjksas`gi ^ìnk% sok a`f za~ sgjkik}ask a J@ ngf|as`mek casama~k% cksaè~ gh sok~saica}c~ gh casama~k a}k ae~g o`joe`joskc ì sokfksogcgegjp

Sok }k~{es~ aic hìcìj a}k g}jai`~kc ì so}kk ~kns`gi~2x`t4 Fa|~ aic ^sas`~s`n~% Fadg} zkseaic sp|k~% aic@f|g}sais Zkseaic~ gh sok a}ka Sok Fa|~ aic ^sas`~s`n~a}k ~ogzi hg} ~sask aic c`~s}`ns ekxke @s j`xk~ cksaè~ ghzoas sp|k gh zkseaic~ k`~s~ ì sok a}ka% ogz faipi{fmk}~ ì kano sp|k% sok`} a}ka k~s`fask~ ì oknsa}k^ìnk% sok opc}gegjp gh zkseaic~ a}k ìhe{kinkc mpfgi~ggi |k}hg}faink% kskis gh zask} ~|}kac aic sok`}s{}m`c`sp /q{ae`sas`xk) ì zks aic c}p ~ka~gi /|g~s&fgi~ggi aic |}k&fgi~ggi |k}`gc) a}k ae~g j`xki^`fèa}ep sok ~sas{~ gh aq{as`n xkjksas`gi /faìep hegasìjaic kfk}jkis sp|k~) ì szg ~ka~gi~ `~ ae~g anng{iskc hg}^sas{~ gh ~faee zkseaic~ a}k ae~g anng{iskc a~ i{fmk}~aic ck|`nskc ì fa|~ a~ |gìs~ Zkseaic fa| ae~g ~ogz

`f|g}sais ainèea}p ìhg}fas`gi e`bk }gac~'}aè% }kekxaisoam`sas`gi~ Hae~k Ngeg{} Ngf|g~`sk /HNN) gh sok ~askee`sk`fajk {~kc /aip gik ~ka~gi) `~ ~ogzi aegij z`so sokck}`xkc zkseaic fa| sg j`xk a hkkeìj gh fai`hk~sas`gi ghzkseaic~ ì }kfgsk ~ki~ìj casa aic ~pig|s`n x`kz gh soka}ka Sok ~sas{~ gh ~gfk gh sok `f|g}sais zkseaic~ e`bk]af~a} ~`sk~% Ias`giae \a}b~ a}k ~ogzi z`so }knkis h`kec|ogsgj}a|o~

Hg} h{}sok} cksaè~ ngisans4

C`}knsg}%^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k% @^]G%Afmazac` X`~sa} /\G)Aofkcamac „ >?< <1;

c`}knsg}L~an`~}gjgxì



Asea~ ÂN'K\Â'AMOJ'IZ@A'ASEA^'=?'=<1<

IAS@GIAE ZKSEAIC ASEA^4

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^|gi~g}kc mpFì`~s}p gh Kix`}gifkis aic Hg}k~s~% Jgxk}ifkis gh @icà

A~ a |a}s gh sok |}gdkns gi Ias`giae Zkseaic @ixkisg}p aic A~~k~~fkis /IZ@A)

^k|skfmk} =<1<

^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k /@^]G)% Aofkcamacaic

G}`~~a |ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k% Mo{maik~za}



H`}~s \{me`nas`gi4 ^k|skfmk} =<1<% ^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k /@^]G)% Aofkcamac

Ng|p}`jos4 =<1<% ÂN% @^]G

So`~ |{me`nas`gi fap mk |}gc{nkc ì zogek g} ì |a}s aic ì aip hg}f hg} kc{nas`gi g} igi&|}gh`s {~k~%z`sog{s ~|knàe |k}f`~~`gi h}gf sok ng|p}`jos ogeck}% |}gx`ckc anbigzekcjkfkis gh ~g{}nk `~ fack ÂNzèe a||}knàsk a ng|p gh aip |{me`nas`gi zo`no {~k~ so`~ |{me`nas`gi a~ a ~g{}nk

N`sas`gi4 Ias`giae Zkseaic Asea~4 Ba}iasaba% ÂN'K\Â'AHKJ'IZ@A'ASEA^'=?'=<1<% ^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k/@^]G)% Aofkcamac% @icà% =<3|

Axaèamek h}gf4 ^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k% @^]G% Aofkcamac „ >?< <1;% @icà

\}gc{ns`gi4 ÂN na}}`kc g{s sok zg}b dgìsep z`so G}`~~a ^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k% Mo{maik~za} ^|gi~g}kc mp

Fì`~s}p gh Kix`}gifkis aic Hg}k~s~% Jgxs gh @icà



@s j`xk~ fk j}kas |eka~{}k sg ìs}gc{nk so`~ Asea~% sok eask~s ì a ~k}`k~% |}k|a}kc mp ^|ank A||e`nas`gi~

Nkis}k% Aofkcamac ì ngiikns`gi z`so sok Ias`giae Zkseaic @ixkisg}p aic A~~k~~fkis \}gdkns

So`~ Asea~ fa|~ aic nasaegj{k~ ìhg}fas`gi gi Zkseaic~ an}g~~ @icà {~ìj sok eask~s ì ~askee`sk `fajìj%

gik gh sok h`}~s gh `s~ bìc Zkseaic~ a}k a}ka~ gh eaic n}`s`nae kngegj`nae ~`ji`h`naink soas ~{||g}s a ea}jk

xa}`ksp gh |eais aic ai`fae ~|kn`k~ aca|skc sg he{ns{asìj zask} ekxke~ Sok`} `ckis`h`nas`gi aic |}gskns`gi

mkngfk~ xk}p `f|g}sais

[sè`sp&z`~k% zkseaic~ c`}knsep aic ìc`}knsep ~{||g}s fèe`gi~ gh |kg|ek ì |}gx`cìj ~k}x`nk~ ~{no a~ hggc%

h`mk} aic }az fask}àe~ Sokp |eap `f|g}sais }gek~ ì ~sg}f aic heggc ngis}ge% ì ~{||ep gh nekai zask}% aegij

z`so gsok} kc{nas`giae aic }kn}kas`giae mkikh`s~ Ck~|`sk sok~k mkikh`s~% zkseaic~ a}k sok h`}~s sa}jks gh

o{fai ìsk}hk}kink aic a}k afgij sok fg~s so}kaskikc gh aee ias{}ae }k~g{}nk~ A}g{ic ;<+ gh sok

ka}so‐~ zkseaic~ a}k k~s`faskc sg ae}kacp oaxk c`~a||ka}kc zg}ecz`ck gxk} sok ea~s o{ic}kc pka}~ so}g{jo

ngixk}~`gi sg ìc{~s}àe% aj}`n{es{}ae aic }k~`ckisàe |{}|g~k~ Kxki ì n{}}kis ~nkia}`g% zoki sok

kng~p~skf ~k}x`nk~ |}gx`ckc mp zkseaic~ a}k mkssk} {ick}~sggc & ckj}acas`gi aic ngixk}~`gi gh zkseaic~

ngisì{k~

Aza}k gh sok`} `f|g}saink% sok Jgxk}ifkis gh @icà oa~ hg}f{easkc ~kxk}ae |ge`n`k~ aic |eai~ hg} sok

ngi~k}xas`gi aic |}k~k}xas`gi gh sok~k n}{nàe kng~p~skf~ ]kae`~ìj sok ikkc gh ai {|caskc jkg~|asàe

casa ma~k gh sok~k ias{}ae }k~g{}nk~ a~ sok |}k&}kq{`~`sk hg} faiajkfkis aic ngi~k}xas`gi |eaiiìj%

Ias`giae Zkseaic @ixkisg}p aic A~~k~~fkis /IZ@A) |}gdkns za~ hg}f{easkc a~ a dgìs x`~`gi gh Fì`~s}p gh

Kix`}gifkis ( Hg}k~s}p% Jgxs @icà% aic ^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k /@^]G) @ af sgec soas sok eask~s

}kfgsk ~ki~ìj casa h}gf @icài ]kfgsk ^ki~ìj ~askee`sk /@]^ \8) oaxk mkki {~kc sg fa| sok zkseaic~

Sok |}k~kis asea~ `~ |a}s gh so`~ |}gdkns aic o`joe`jos~ sok }k~{es~ gh sok ~s{cp ~sask ì sk}f~ gh ~sas`~s`n~ gh

xa}`g{~ sp|k~ gh zkseaic~% kskis gh zask}% aq{as`n xkjksas`gi aic s{}m`c`sp ì |}k aic |g~s fgi~ggi |k}`gc

@ ae~g igsk soas ~|knàe khhg}s~ a}k fack sg |}gx`ck cksaèkc ìhg}fas`gi gh `f|g}sais zkseaic~ e`bk ]af~a}

~`sk~% Ias`giae \a}b~ ksn

@ af nk}saì soas so`~ Asea~ zèe }a`~k sok ma} ì ckxkeg|ìj ~{no casama~k aic zèe mk gh j}kas {~k hg}

}k~ka}nok}~% |eaiik}~% |ge`np fabk}~% aic ae~g fkfmk}~ gh sok jkik}ae |{me`n

FK^ÂJK



Zkseaic~ ckhìkc a~ a}ka~ gh eaic soas a}k k`sok} skf|g}a}èp g} |k}faikisep ngxk}kc mp zask} ko`m`s

kig}fg{~ c`xk}~`sp anng}cìj sg sok`} jkik~ ~% jkgj}a|o`nae egnas`gi% zask} }kj`fk aic nokf`~s}p Zkseaic~

a}k gik gh sok fg~s |}gc{ns`xk kng~p~skf~ aic |eap n}{nàe }gek ì opc}gegj`nae npnek [sè`sp z`~k% zkseaic~

c`}knsep aic ìc`}knsep ~{||g}s fèe`gi~ gh |kg|ek ì |}gx`cìj ~k}x`nk~ ~{no a~ ~sg}f aic heggc ngis}ge% nekai

zask} ~{||ep% hggc% h`mk} aic }az fask}àe~% ~nki`n mka{sp% kc{nas`giae aic }kn}kas`giae mkikh`s~ Sok

Fèekii`{f Kng~p~skf A~~k~~fkis k~s`fask~ ngi~k}xas`xkep soas zkseaic~ ngxk} ~kxki |k}nkis gh sok ka}so‐~

~{}hank aic cke`xk} 3;+ gh sok zg}ec‐~ ias{}ae |}gc{ns`x`sp aic kng~p~skf ~k}x`nk~ Ogzkxk}% sok xk}p

k`~skink gh sok~k {i`q{k }k~g{}nk~ `~ {ick} so}kas c{k sg ckxkeg|fkisae ans`x`s`k~% aic |g|{eas`gi |}k~~{}k

So`~ naee~ hg} a egij sk}f |eaiiìj hg} |}k~k}xas`gi aic ngi~k}xas`gi gh sok~k }k~g{}nk~ Ai {|caskc aic

ann{}ask casama~k soas zèe ~{||g}s }k~ka}no aic ckn`~`gi `~ sok h`}~s ~sk| sgza}c~ so`~ [~k gh acxainkc

sknoi`q{k~ e`bk âskee`sk }kfgsk ~ki~ìj% Jkgj}a|o`n @ihg}fas`gi ^p~skf /J@^) `~ igz k~~kisàe hg} ann{}ask

aic s`fkep ~|asàe casama~k gh ea}jk a}ka~ ^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k /@^]G) sggb {| so`~ noaeekijìj sa~b{ick} sok |}gdkns ―IZ@A‖ /Ias`giae Zkseaic @ixkisg}p aic A~~k~~fkis) ~|gi~g}kc mp Fì`~s}p gh

Kix`}gifkis ( Hg}k~s~ Sg anng{is hg} i{fk}g{~ ~faee pks `f|g}sais zkseaic~ hg{ic ì sok ng{is}p% fa||ìj

as 14;<%<<< ~naek~ oa~ mkki sabki {| Szg cask @]^ E@ ^ @@@ casa anq{`}kc c{}ìj |}k aic |g~s fgi~ggi

~ka~gi a}k {~kc hg} ìxkisg}p sg anng{is hg} zks aic c}p ~ka~gi opc}gegjp gh zkseaic~ Sok fa| g{s|{s~

ìne{ck sok ~sas{~ gh zask} ~|}kac% aq{as`n xkjksas`gi aic s{}m`c`sp Ainèea}p eapk}~ e`bk }gac'}aè% oam`sas`gi~

a}k ae~g n}kaskc Xk}p ~faee zkseaic~ mkegz sok fa||amek {i`s a}k ae~g `ckis`h`kc aic ~ogzi |gìs~ Sok

}k~{es~ a}k ngf|e`kc a~ Asea~k~ gh zkseaic~ hg} ~sask~'[i`gi Sk}}`sg}`k~ gh @icà So`~ Asea~ o`joe`jos~ }k~{es~

hg} a |a}s`n{ea} ~sask'[S aic og|k~ sg `f|}gxk g{} {ick}~saicìj gh sok cpiaf`n~ aic c`~s}`m{s`gi gh zkseaic~

aic sok`} ~sas{~ ì sok a}ka

@ ngij}as{eask sok skaf hg} m}ìjìj g{s so`~ ìhg}fas`xk asea~ aic ~ìnk}kep og|k soas so`~ zèe ~k}xk a~ a

{~kh{e ~g{}nk gh ìhg}fas`gi sg }k~ka}nok}~% |eaiik}~ aic jkik}ae |{me`n

Dai{a}p =;% =<1<

HG]KZG]C



ANBIGZEKCJKFKIS^

Sok |}gdkns ―Ias`giae Zkseaic @ixkisg}p ( A~~k~~fkis /IZ@A)‖% `~ ~|gi~g}kc mp Fì`~s}p gh Kix`}gifkis (Hg}k~s}p /FgKH)% Jgxs gh @icà aic kkn{skc mp ^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k% @^]G% Aofkcamac Zk a}kj}askh{e sg C} ]aijaiaso ] Iaxaej{ic% C`}knsg}% ^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k% hg} o`~ king{}ajkfkis sg sabk{| so`~ noaeekijìj sa~b aic hg}f{eas`gi gh sok |}gdkns skaf hg} s`fkep `f|ekfkisas`gi Ka}ik~s soaib~ a}kae~g c{k sg C} Da` ^ìjo \a}òa}% Cp C`}knsg}% Ka}so% Gnkai% Asfg~|ok}k% \eaiksa}p ^n`kink~ aicA||e`nas`gi~ A}ka% ^|ank A||e nas`gi~ Nkis}k% hg} |}gx`cìj gxk}aee j{`caink aic ~{||g}s sg sok |}gdkns Sok|}k~kis Asea~ hg} sok ~sask gh G}`~~a `~ a |a}s gh sok ―Ias`giae Zkseaic Asea~

So`~ |}gdkns oa~ mkikh`skc h}gf sok z`~cgf gh faip |kg|ek @s `~ a |eka~{}k sg anbigzekcjk sok ngis}`m{s`gi~fack mp sok zkseaic k|k}s~ k~|knàeep sg \}gh NB Xa}~oikp% Hg}fk} Ckai% ^nogge gh Kix`}gifkisae^n`kink~% Dazaoa}eae Iko}{ [i`xk}~`sp% Ikz Ckeo`% \}gh A] Pg{~{h% Sok [i`xk}~`sp gh Ba~of`}% ^}ìaja}%\}gh \}ackkk| ô}`xa~saxa% Okac% Zkseaic ]k~ka}no Nkis}k% Ma}abas{eeao [i`xk}~`sp% Mog|ae% C} \}`b~o`sJa{saf% C`}knsg}% ZZH&@icà% C} ^ Ia}kic}a \}a~ac% âe`f Ae` Nkis}k hg} G}i`sogegjp aic Ias{}k%Ng`fmsg}k aic C} ]B ^{}`% Acc`s`giae C`}knsg}% Fì`~s}p gh Kix`}gifkis aic Hg}k~s~% Jgxs gh @icà% IkzCkeo`% aic sok casama~k k|k}s~ h}gf @^]G zog |a}s`n`|askc ì sok |kk} ]kx`kz fkksìj sg hìae`~k sok―Zkseaic Nea~~`h`nas`gi ^p~skf‖ hgeegzkc ì so`~ |}gdkns

Zk anbigzekcjk sok |g~`s`xk }gek |eapkc mp 18so ^N&M /^saicìj Ngff`sskk gi M`g}k~g{}nk~ aicKix`}gifkis) gh II]F^ /Ias`giae Ias{}ae ]k~g{}nk~ Faiajkfkis ^p~skf) fkksìj ì hg}f{easìj so`~|}gdkns Zk a}k ks}kfkep soaibh{e sg sok fkfmk}~ gh sok―^skk}ìj Ngff`sskk‖ gh sok |}gdkns% {ick} sok

noa`}fai~o`| gh C} K D Dafk~% C`}knsg} „ Zask} @i~s`s{sk% Ba}{ipa [i`xk}~`sp% hg} sok`} |k}`gc`nae }kx`kz%n}`s`nae ngffkis~ aic a||}knàs`gi gh sok khhg}s~ mp sok |}gdkns skaf Zk a}k soaibh{e sg ^N&M {ick} soknoa`}fai~o`| gh ^kn}ksa}p% FgKH% hg} |k}`gc`n }kx`kz gh sok |}gj}k~~ gh sok |}gdkns aic j{`caink sgza}c~s`fkep ngf|eks`gi gh sok zg}b Zk anbigzekcjk sok xae{amek ngis}`m{s`gi~ fack mp C} D B Ja}j% sok soki~n`kis`~s gh ÂN hg} o`~ ans`xk }gek ì hg}f{eas`gi gh so`~ |}gdkns% ng&a{sog}ìj sok |}gnkc{}k fai{ae cgn{fkis

Zk a}k j}askh{e sg C} J X ^{m}afaipaf% Acx`~k}% FgKH% hg} o`~ xk}p ans`xk aic |g~`s`xk }gek hg}`f|ekfkisas`gi gh sok |}gdkns Zk a}k soaibh{e sg C} Daj ]af% C`}knsg}% FgKH aic C} Oa}kic}a Boa}zae%FgKH hg} sok`} ~{||g}s ì m{cjks aic |}gdkns faiajkfkis }keaskc `~~{k~ Zk a}k soaibh{e sg sok ―Sknoi`nae]kx`kz‖ skaf gh ÂN hg} n}`s`nae ngffkis~ aic ~{jjk~s`gi sg hìae`~k sok Asea~ Zk anbigzekcjk sok ~{||g}s}knk`xkc h}gf C} \ ^ ]gp% Cp C`}knsg}% I]^N aic C} ^ ^{coaba}% Okac% E]C% I]^N ì sk}f~ gh xae{amek~{jjk~s`gi~ aic |}gx`cìj sok jkg&}khk}kinkc `fajk gh I]N&E[(EN |}gdkns hg} {~k a~ fa~sk} `fajk ì so`~|}gdkns Zk anbigzekcjk sok khhg}s~ |{s mp C} ] C ôao% F} \}ajik~o B{fa} Xa`~oiax aic F~ Pas`~oa \

Xa`~oiax% Jkgegjp Ck|a}sfkis% F J ^n`kink @i~s`s{sk% Aofkcamac ì hìae`tas`gi gh J@^ casama~k



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^G@ FA\ÔKKS&Z@^K ZKSEAIC FA\^

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Aiik{}k„@4 Ckhì`s`gi~ gh zkseaic naskjg}`k~ {~kc ì sok |}gdknsAiik{}k„@@4 Cksaè~ gh c`~s}`ns ìhg}fas`gi hgeegzkc ì sok asea~

E`~s gh H`j{}k~

H`j{}k 14 ^|kns}ae `jias{}k gh xa}`g{~ sa}jks~H`j{}k =4 Xa}`g{~ eaic hkas{}k~ a~ sokp a||ka} ì hg{} ~|kns}ae maic~ aic i a sp|`nae so}kk maic HNNH`j{}k >4 Egnas`gi fa|H`j{}k 34 ^|asàe h}afkzg}b gh G]@^Â

H`j{}k ;4 @]^ \8 E@^^&@@@ ngxk}ajk gh G]@^ÂH`j{}k 84 @]^ E@^^&@@@ HNN /10 Dai{a}p =<<8 aic ? Fa}no =<<:)H`j{}k :4 Hegz noa}s gh sok fksogcgegjp {~kcH`j{}k ?4 ^sk|~ ì sok ks}ans`gi gh zkseaic ngf|gikis~H`j{}k 04 Xa}`g{~ ngfmìas`gi~ gh sok ic`nk~'~|kns}ae maic~ {~kc sg `ckis`hp zkseaic ngf|gikis~H`j{}k 1<4 Sp|k&z`~k zkseaic c`~s}`m{s`gi ì G]@^ÂH`j{}k 114 C`~s}`ns&z`~k zkseaic c`~s}`m{s`gi ì G}`~~a

E`~s gh Samek~

Samek 14 Zkseaic Nea~~`h`nas`gi ^p~skf aic ngcìjSamek =4 âskee`sk casa {~kc

Samek >4 Q{ae`sas`xk s{}m`c`sp }asìj~ a~ fai`hk~skc gi HNN~Samek 34 ^{ffa}p ~sas`~s`n~ gh zkseaic~ ì G}`~~aSamek ;4 Sp|k z`~k a}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì G}`~~aSamek 84 C`~s}`ns&z`~k ~sas`~s`n~ gh c`~s}`m{s`gi gh zkseaic~



Samek :4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Ma}ja}o c`~s}`nsSamek ?4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Doa}~{j{ca c`~s}`nsSamek 04 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì âfmae|{} c`~s}`nsSamek 1<4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Ckmaja}o c`~s}`nsSamek 114 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì ^{ica}ja}o c`~s}`nsSamek 1=4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Bkic{doa} c`~s}`nsSamek 1>4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Fap{}moaid c`~s}`nsSamek 134 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Maek~oza} c`~s}`ns

Samek 1;4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Moac}ab c`~s}`nsSamek 184 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Bkic}a|a}a c`~s}`nsSamek 1:4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Dajas~ìjoa|{} c`~s}`nsSamek 1?4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì N{ssanb c`~s}`nsSamek 104 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Dad|{} c`~s}`nsSamek =<4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Cokibaiae c`~s}`nsSamek =14 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Ai{j{e c`~s}`nsSamek ==4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Iapaja}o c`~s}`nsSamek =>4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Bog}coa c`~s}`nsSamek =34 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì \{}` c`~s}`nsSamek =;4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Jaidaf c`~s}`nsSamek =84 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Jada|as` c`~s}`nsSamek =:4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Boaicoafae c`~s}`ns

Samek =?4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Ma{co c`~s}`nsSamek =04 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì ^gia|{} c`~s}`nsSamek ><4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Maeaij`} c`~s}`nsSamek >14 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì I{a|aca c`~s}`nsSamek >=4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Baeaoaic` c`~s}`nsSamek >>4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì ]apajaca c`~s}`nsSamek >34 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Iama}aij|{} c`~s}`nsSamek >;4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Bg}a|{s c`~s}`nsSamek >84 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Faebaij`}` c`~s}`ns

E`~s gh \eask~

\eask&14 Fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ gh G}`~~a

\eask&=a% m% n% c ( k4 H`kec |ogsgj}a|o~ aic j}g{ic s}{so casa gh c`hhk}kis zkseaic sp|k~ ì G}`~~a\eask >4 Ai~o{|a Eabk\eask 34 Zkseaic fa| & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh Ai~{|a Eabk\eask ;4 Zkseaic `fajk & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh Ai~{|a Eabk\eask 84 âsbg~oà Jg}jk âins{a}p\eask :4 Zkseaic fa| & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh âsbg~oà Jg}jk âins{a}p\eask ?4 Zkseaic `fajk & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh âsbg~oà Jg}jk âins{a}p\eask 04 O`}ab{c ]k~k}xg`}\eask 1<4 Zkseaic fa| & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh O`}ab{c ]k~k}xg`}\eask 114 Zkseaic `fajk & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh O`}ab{c ]k~k}xg`}\eask 1=4 Noè`ba eabk\eask 1>4 Zkseaic fa| & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh Noè`ba eabk\eask 134 Zkseaic `fajk & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh Noè`ba eabk

\eask 1;4 Mo`sa}bai`ba /Zèce`hk âins{a}p)\eask 184 Zkseaic fa| & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh Mo`sa}bai`ba âins{a}p\eask 1:4 Zkseaic `fajk & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh Mo`sa}bai`ba âins{a}p\eask 1?4 Baidà zkseaic\eask 104 Zkseaic fa| & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh Baidà zkseaic\eask =<4 Zkseaic `fajk & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh Baidà zkseaic



1

1< @IS]GC[NS@GI

@s `~ ìn}ka~ìjep }kae`tkc soas sok |eaiks ka}so `~ hanìj j}axk kix`}gifkisae |}gmekf~ z`so ha~s ck|eksìjias{}ae }k~g{}nk~ aic so}kaskiìj sok xk}p k`~skink gh fg~s gh sok kng~p~skf~ ^k}`g{~ ngink}i~ a}k xg`nkcafgij ~n`kis`~s~% |eaiik}~% ~gn`gegj`~s~% |ge`s`nài~% aic kngigf`~s~ sg ngi~k}xk aic |}k~k}xk sok ias{}ae}k~g{}nk~ gh sok zg}ec Gik gh sok c`hh`n{es`k~ fg~s h}kq{kisep hankc hg} ckn`~`gi fabìj `~ eanb gh ~n`kis`h`ncasa gh g{} ias{}ae }k~g{}nk~ Ghski sok casa a}k ~|a}~k g} {ingixìnìj% }a}kep ì sok hg}f gh jkg~|asàecasama~k /fa|)% so{~ g|ki sg noaeekijk~ So{~% sok n{}}kis so}{~s gh kxk}p ng{is}p `~ sg oaxk ai a||}g|}àsk

jkg~|asàe casama~k gh ias{}ae }k~g{}nk~ soas `~ ma~kc gi {iafm`j{g{~ ~n`kis`h`n fksogc~ Sok zkseaic asea~gh G}`~~a% zo`no `~ |a}s gh sok Ias`giae Zkseaic Asea~ gh @icà% `~ ai asskf|s ì so`~ c`}kns`gi

11 Zkseaic~

Zkseaic~ a}k gik gh sok n}{nàe ias{}ae }k~g{}nk~ Zkseaic~ a}k a}ka~ gh eaic soas a}k k`sok} skf|g}a}èp g}|k}faikisep ngxk}kc mp zask} /Zk~seabk ( \}ass% =<<8)So`~ fkai~ soas a zkseaic `~ ik`sok} s}{ep aq{as`n ig}sk}}k~s}àe2 `s `~ |g~~`mek soas zkseaic~ nai mk mgso as sok ~afk s`fk ck|kicìj gi ~ka~giae xa}àmè`sp So{~%zkseaic~ ko`m`s kig}fg{~ c`xk}~`sp anng}cìj sg sok`} jkik~`~% jkgj}a|o`nae egnas`gi% zask} }kj`fk aicnokf`~s}p% cgfìais |eais~ aic ~gè g} ~kc`fkis noa}ansk}`~s`n~ Mkna{~k gh sok`} s}ai~`s`giae ias{}k% sokmg{ica}`k~ gh zkseaic~ a}k ghski c`hh`n{es sg ckhìk Zkseaic~ cg% ogzkxk}% ~oa}k a hkz ass}`m{sk~ ngffgi sgaee hg}f~ Gh sok~k% opc}gegj`nae ~s}{ns{}k /sok cpiaf`n~ gh zask} ~{||ep% so}g{jo|{s% ~sg}ajk aic eg~~) `~fg~s h{icafkisae sg sok ias{}k gh a zkseaic ~p~skf @s `~ sok |}k~kink gh zask} hg} a ~`ji`h`nais |k}`gc gh s`fk

zo`no `~ |}ìn`|aeep }k~|gi~`mek hg} sok ckxkeg|fkis gh a zkseaic Gik gh sok h`}~s z`ckep {~kc nea~~`h`nas`gi~~p~skf~% ckx`~kc mp Ngza}cì ks ae% /10:0)% za~ a~~gnàskc sg `s~ opc}gegj`nae% kngegj`nae aic jkgegj`naea~|kns~% ~{no a~4 fa}ìk /nga~sae zkseaic~ ìne{cìj }gnb ~og}k~ aic ng}ae }kkh~% k~s{a}ìk /ìne{cìj ckesa~%s`cae fa}~ok~% aic faij}gxk ~zaf|~)% ean{~sa}ìk /eabk~)% }`xk}ìk /aegij }`xk}~ aic ~s}kaf~)% |ae{~sa}ìk/*fa}~op*& fa}~ok~% ~zaf|~ aic mgj~) J`xki sok~k noa}ansk}`~s`n~% zkseaic~ ~{||g}s a ea}jk xa}`ksp gh |eaisaic ai`fae ~|kn`k~ aca|skc sg he{ns{asìj zask} ekxke~% fabìj sok zkseaic~ gh n}`s`nae kngegj`nae ~`ji`h`naink[sè`sp z`~k% zkseaic~ c`}knsep aic ìc`}knsep ~{||g}s fèe`gi~ gh |kg|ek ì |}gx`cìj ~k}x`nk~ ~{no a~ hggc% h`mk}aic }az fask}àe~% ~sg}f aic heggc ngis}ge% nekai zask} ~{||ep% ~nki`n mka{sp aic kc{nas`giae aic}kn}kas`giae mkikh`s~ Sok Fèekii`{f Kng~p~skf A~~k~~fkis k~s`fask~ ngi~k}xas`xkep soas zkseaic~ ngxk}~kxki |k}nkis gh sok ka}so‐~ ~{}hank aic cke`xk} 3;+ gh sok zg}ec‐~ ias{}ae |}gc{ns`x`sp aic kng~p~skf~k}x`nk~ gh zo`no sok mkikh`s~ a}k k~s`faskc as #=< s}èe`gi a pka} /^g{}nk 4 zzzFAzkmg}j) Sok Fèekii`{fA~~k~~fkis /FA) {~k~ sok hgeegzìj sp|gegjp sg naskjg}`~k kng~p~skf ~k}x`nk~4

\}gx`~`giìj ~k}x`nk~ 4 Sok }k~g{}nk~ g} |}gc{ns~ |}gx`ckc mp kng~p~skf~% ~{no a~ hggc% }azfask}àe~ /zggc)% jkiks`n }k~g{}nk~% fkc`nìae }k~g{}nk~% g}iafkisae}k~g{}nk~ /~bì% ~okee~% hegzk}~)

]kj{easìj ~k}x`nk~ 4 Kng~p~skf~ faìsaì sok k~~kisàe kngegj`nae |}gnk~~k~ aic e`hk ~{||g}s~p~skf~% e`bk ja~ aic ne`fask }kj{eas`gi% zask} ~{||ep aic }kj{eas`gi%za~sk s}kasfkis% |geeìas`gi ksn

N{es{}ae aic Afki`sp ~k}x`nk~ 4 Kng~p~skf~ a}k a ~g{}nk gh ì~|`}as`gi sg o{fai n{es{}k aic kc{nas`giso}g{jo }kn}kas`gi% n{es{}ae% a}s`~s`n% ~|`}`s{ae aic o`~sg}`n ìhg}fas`gi%~n`kink aic kc{nas`gi

^{||g}sìj ~k}x`nk~ 4 Kng~p~skf~ |}gx`ck oam`sas hg} heg}a aic ha{ia ì g}ck} sg faìsaìm`gegj`nae aic jkiks`n c`xk}~`sp

Ck~|`sk sok~k mkikh`s~% zkseaic~ a}k sok h`}~s sa}jks gh o{fai ìsk}hk}kink aic a}k afgij sok fg~s

so}kaskikc gh aee ias{}ae }k~g{}nk~ A}g{ic ;<+ gh sok ka}so‐~ zkseaic~ `~ k~s`faskc sg ae}kacp oaxkc`~a||ka}kc zg}ecz`ck gxk} sok ea~s o{ic}kc pka}~ so}g{jo ngixk}~`gi sg ìc{~s}àe% aj}`n{es{}ae aic}k~`ckisàe ckxkeg|fkis~ Kxki ì n{}}kis ~nkia}`g% zoki sok kng~p~skf ~k}x`nk~ |}gx`ckc mp zkseaic~ a}kmkssk} {ick}~sggc & ckj}acas`gi aic ngixk}~`gi gh zkseaic~ ngisì{k~ So`~ `~ ea}jkep c{k sg sok hans soas sok‟h{ee xae{k‐ gh kng~p~skf h{ins`gi~ `~ ghski `jig}kc ì |ge`np&fabìj% |eai~ aic ng}|g}ask kxae{as`gi~ ghckxkeg|fkis |}gdkns~

1= Fa||ìj aic Jkg~|asàe sknoi`q{k

Sg ngi~k}xk aic faiajk zkseaic }k~g{}nk~% `s `~ `f|g}sais sg oaxk ìxkisg}p gh zkseaic~ aic sok`}nasnofkis~ Sok amè`sp sg ~sg}k aic aiaep~k sok casa `~ k~~kisàe C`j`sae fa|~ a}k xk}p |gzk}h{e sgge~ sgano`kxk so`~ Fa|~ }keask sok hkas{}k sg aip j`xki jkgj}a|o`nae egnas`gi oa~ a ~s}gij x`~{ae `f|ansFa|~ a}k so{~ k~~kisàe hg} fgi`sg}ìj aic q{ais`hpìj noaijk gxk} s`fk ~naek% a~~`~s ì ckn`~`gi fabìj Sok

sknoi`q{k {~kc ì sok |}k|a}as`gi gh fa| ~sa}skc z`so j}g{ic ~{}xkp Sok ^{}xkp gh @icà /^G@) sg|gj}a|o`nfa|~ a}k sok ka}e`k~s s}{k fa|~ gh @icà ~ogzìj xa}`g{~ eaic {~k'ngxk} nea~~k~ ìne{cìj zkseaic~ ]knkispka}~ oaxk ~kki acxaink~ ì fa||ìj sknoi`q{k sg |}k|a}k fa|~ z`so f{no fg}k ìhg}fas`gi Gh |a}s`n{ea}`f|g}saink `~ sok }kfgsk ~ki~ìj aic jkgj}a|o`n ìhg}fas`gi ~p~skf /J@^) sknoi`q{k ]kfgsk ~ki~ìj `~



=

igz }kngji`tkc a~ ai k~~kisàe sgge hg} x`kzìj% aiaeptìj% noa}ansk}`tìj% aic fabìj ckn`~`gi~ amg{s eaic%zask} aic asfg~|ok}`n ngf|gikis~

H}gf a jkik}ae |k}~|kns`xk% }kfgsk ~ki~ìj `~ sok ~n`kink gh anq{`}ìj aic aiaeptìj ìhg}fas`gi amg{sgmdkns~ g} |okigfkia h}gf a c`~saink /Dki~ki% =<<<2 Eèek~aic aic Bk`hk}% 10?:) Sgcap% zk ckhìk ~askee`sk}kfgsk ~ki~ìj a~ sok {~k gh ~askee`sk mg}ik ~ki~g}~ sg gm~k}xk% fka~{}k% aic }kng}c sok kekns}gfajiks`n}acàs`gi /KF]) }kheknskc g} kf`sskc mp sok ka}so aic `s~ kix`}gifkis hg} ~{m~kq{kis aiaep~`~ aic ks}ans`gigh ìhg}fas`gi KF] ~ki~g}~ ìne{ck~ x`~`mek e`jos% ika}&% f`c& aic ha}&ìh}a}kc /sok}fae)% f`n}gzaxk% aic

egij&zaxk }ac`g kik}jp Sok na|amè`sp gh f{es`|ek ~g{}nk~ gh ìhg}fas`gi `~ {i`q{k sg }kfgsk ~ki~ìj Gh~|kn`h`n acxaisajk `~ sok ~|kns}ae% skf|g}ae% aic ~|asàe }k~ge{s`gi ^|kns}ae }k~ge{s`gi }khk}~ sg sok z`cso g}}aijk gh kano ~|kns}ae maic mkìj }kng}ckc ^ìnk kano sa}jks ahhkns~ c`hhk}kis zaxkekijso~ gh ìn`ckiskik}jp c`hhk}kisep% sokp a}k am~g}mkc% }kheknskc g} s}ai~f`sskc ì c`hhk}kis |}g|g}s`gi~ N{}}kisep% sok}k a}kfaip eaic }k~g{}nk }kfgsk ~ki~ìj ~askee`sk~ soas oaxk ~ki~g}~ g|k}asìj ì sok j}kki% }kc% ika} ìh}a}kcaic ~og}s zaxk @ih}a }kc }kj`gi~ gh sok kekns}gfajiks`n ~|kns}{f j`xìj a ckhì`sk ~|kns}ae ~`jias{}k ghxa}`g{~ sa}jks~ c{k sg c`hhk}kink ì }acàs`gi am~g}|s`gi aic }kheknsaink gh sa}jks~ Sok~k ~ki~g}~ a}k ghngffgi {~k hg} eaic ngxk} ~s{c`k~% ìne{cìj zkseaic~ H`j{}k 1 ~ogz~ sp|`nae ~|kns}ae ~`jias{}k gh hkzsa}jks~ h}gf j}kki sg ^Z@] }kj`gi Ngixk}skc sg `fajk% ì a sp|`nae hae~k ngeg{} ngf|g~`sk /HNN) n}kaskc{~ìj I@]% }kc aic j}kki maic~ a~~`jikc a~ }kc% j}kki aic me{k ngeg{}% sok hkas{}k~ mkngfk xk}p c`~sìns a~~ogzi ì H`j{}k = @i HNN% sok xkjksas`gi so{~ a||ka}~ ìxa}àmep }kc /c{k sg o`jo }khekns`gi ì I@] h}gfj}kki ekaxk~)

^ìnk sok ka}ep 108<~% i{fk}g{~ ~askee`sk ~ki~g}~ oaxk mkki ea{inokc ìsg g}m`s sg gm~k}xk aic fgi`sg} sokka}so aic `s~ kix`}gifkis Fg~s ka}ep ~askee`sk ~ki~g}~ anq{`}kc casa hg} fkskg}gegj`nae |{}|g~k~ Sok acxkisgh ka}so }k~g{}nk~ ~askee`sk ~ki~g}~ /sog~k z`so a |}`fa}p gmdkns`xk gh fa||ìj aic fgi`sg}ìj eaic ngxk})gnn{}}kc% zoki sok h`}~s Eaic~as ~askee`sk za~ ea{inokc ì D{ep 10:= N{}}kisep% fg}k soai a cgtki g}m`sìj~askee`sk~ gh xa}`g{~ sp|k~ |}gx`ck casa n}{nàe sg `f|}gxìj g{} bigzekcjk gh sok ka}so‐~ asfg~|ok}k% gnkai~%`nk aic ~igz% aic eaic Gh |a}s`n{ea} ìsk}k~s sg @icà `~ sok ìc`jkig{~ ~k}`k~ gh ~askee`sk~ naeekc @icài]kfgsk ^ki~ìj ~askee`sk~ /@]^ ~k}`k~) ^ìnk sok ea{ino gh sok h`}~s ~askee`sk @]^ 1A ì 10?:% @icà oa~ igz ai{fmk} gh ~askee`sk~ |}gx`cìj casa ì f{es`&~|kns}ae maic~ z`so c`hhk}kis ~|asàe }k~ge{s`gi @]^\8']K^G[]NKÂS 1 `~ sok n{}}kis jkik}as`gi ~askee`sk soas |}gx`ck~ f{es`&~|kns}ae `fajk~ ì ~|asàe}k~ge{s`gi gh ;? f /E@^^ @X)% =>; f /E@^^ @@@) aic ;8f /AZ`H^) Gxk} sok |a~s hkz cknack~% @icài }kfgsk~ki~ìj casa oa~ mkki ~{nnk~~h{eep {~kc ì xa}`g{~ h`kec~ gh ias{}ae }k~g{}nk~ /Iaxaej{ic ks ae % =<<> )

Ckxkeg|fkis gh sknoigegj`k~ e`bk Jkgj}a|o`n @ihg}fas`gi ^p~skf /J@^) oa~ kioainkc sok {~k gh ]^ casa sg

gmsaì ann{}ask jkg~|asàe casama~k J@^ ~|knàe`~k~ ì oaiceìj }keaskc% ~|asàeep }khk}kinkc casa% ngfmììjfa||kc ìhg}fas`gi z`so gsok} casa aic ans~ a~ aiaeps`nae sgge hg} }k~ka}no aic ckn`~`gi fabìj C{}ìj sok|a~s hkz cknack~% sknoigegj`nae acxaink~ ì sok h`kec gh ~askee`sk }kfgsk ~ki~ìj /]^) ~ki~g}~% ngf|{sk}`tkcfa||ìj sknoi`q{k~% jegmae |g~`s`giìj ~p~skf /J\^) aic jkgj}a|o`n ìhg}fas`gi ~p~skf /J@^) oa~kioainkc sok amè`sp sg na|s{}k fg}k cksaèkc aic s`fkep ìhg}fas`gi amg{s sok ias{}ae }k~g{}nk~ as xa}`g{~~naek~ nask}ìj sg egnae% }kj`giae% ias`giae aic jegmae ekxke ~s{cp

H`j{}k 14 ^|kns}ae ^`jias{}k gh xa}`g{~ sa}jks~



>

H`j{}k =4 Xa}`g{~ eaic hkas{}k~ a~ sokp a||ka} `i hg{} ~|kns}ae maic~ aic `i a sp|`nae so}kk maic HNN

]KC J]KKI

I@] ^Z@]

I@] ]KC J]KKI

@]^ E@^^ @@@ HNN



3

1> Zkseaic @ixkisg}p gh @icà

@icà z`so `s~ ea}jk jkgj}a|o`nae ~|}kac ~{||g}s~ ea}jk aic c`xk}~k zkseaic nea~~k~% ~gfk gh zo`no a}k

{i`q{k Zkseaic~% xa}`g{~ep k~s`faskc sg mk gnn{|p ij 1&; |k} nkis gh jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh sok ng{is}p%

~{||g}s amg{s a h`hso gh sok bigzi m`gc`xk}~`sp E`bk aip gsok} |eank~ ì sok zg}ec% sok}k `~ a eggfìj so}kas sg

sok aq{as`n m`gc`xk}~`sp gh sok @icài zkseaic~ a~ sokp a}k ghski {ick} a }kj`fk gh {i~{~saìamek o{fai

|}k~~{}k~ ^{~saìamek faiajkfkis gh sok~k a~~ks~ sok}khg}k `~ o`joep }kekxais ]kae`~ìj so`~% Jgxs gh @icà

oa~ ì`sàskc faip a||}g|}àsk ~sk|~ ì sk}f~ gh |ge`n`k~% |}gj}affk~ aic |eai~ hg} sok |}k~k}xas`gi aicngi~k}xas`gi gh sok~k kng~p~skf~ @icà `~ a ~`jiasg}p sg sok ]af~a} Ngixkis`gi hg} faiajkfkis gh

zkseaic% hg} ngi~k}xìj sok`} m`gc`xk}~`sp aic z`~k {~k kskicìj `s~ ~ng|k sg a z`ck xa}`ksp gh oam`sas~%

ìne{cìj }`xk}~ aic eabk~% nga~sae eajggi~% faij}gxk~% |kaseaic~% ng}ae }kkh~% aic i{fk}g{~ o{fai&fack

zkseaic% ~{no a~ h`~o aic ~o}`f| |gic~% ha}f |gic~% `}}`jaskc aj}`n{es{}ae eaic% ~aes |ai~ }k~k}xg`}~% j}axke

|`s~% ~kzajk ha}f~% aic naiae~ Sok Fì`~s}p gh Kix`}gifkis aic Hg}k~s~ oa~ `ckis`h`kc a i{fmk} gh zkseaic~

hg} ngi~k}xas`gi aic faiajkfkis {ick} sok Ias`giae Zkseaic Ngi~k}xas`gi \}gj}affk aic ~gfk hìainàe

a~~`~saink `~ mkìj |}gx`ckc sg ^sask Jgxk}ifkis~ hg} xa}`g{~ ngi~k}xas`gi ans`x`s`k~ so}g{jo a||}gxae gh sok

Faiajkfkis Ans`gi \eai~ Sok ikkc sg oaxk ai {|caskc fa| casama~k gh zkseaic~ soas zèe ~{||g}s ~{no

ans`gi~ oa~ egij mkki }kae`tkc

Fa||ìj }kq{`}k~ a ~saica}c nea~~`h`nas`gi ~p~skf Sog{jo sok}k a}k faip nea~~`h`nas`gi ~p~skf~ hg}

zkseaic~ ì sok zg}ec% sok ]af~a} nea~~`h`nas`gi ~p~skf `~ sok fg~s |}khk}}kc gik Sok 10:1 ]af~a}Ngixkis`gi gi Zkseaic~ gh @isk}ias`giae @f|g}saink k~|knàeep a~ Zask}hgze Oam`sas `~ sok geck~s

ngi~k}xas`gi ngixkis`gi @s gzk~ `s~ iafk sg `s~ |eank gh acg|s`gi ì @}ai @s nafk ìsg mkìj c{k sg ~k}`g{~

ckneìk ì |g|{eas`gi~ gh zask}hgze /faìep c{nb~) aic ngi~k}xas`gi gh oam`sas~ gh f`j}asg}p zask}hgze

Ngixkis`gi |}gx`ck~ h}afkzg}b hg} sok ngi~k}xas`gi aic ‟z`~k {~k‐ gh zkseaic m`gfk~ ]af~a} ngixkis`gi `~

sok h`}~s fgck}i jegmae ìsk}jgxk}ifkisae s}kasp gi ngi~k}xas`gi aic z`~k {~k gh ias{}ae }k~g{}nk~

/zzz}af~a}g}j) ]af~a} ngixkis`gi kisk}kc ìsg hg}nk ì 10:; [ick} sok sks gh sok Ngixkis`gi /A}s`nek

11) zkseaic~ a}k ckhìkc a~4

―a}ka~ gh fa}~o% hki% |kaseaic g} zask}% zoksok} ias{}ae g} a}s`h`nàe% |k}faikis g} skf|g}a}p% z`so zask} soas

`~ ~sas`n g} hegzìj% h}k~o% m}anb`~o g} ~aes% ìne{cìj a}ka~ gh fa}ìk zask} sok ck|so gh zo`no as egz s`ck cgk~

igs knkkc ~` fksk}~‖

@i acc`s`gi% sok Ngixkis`gi /A}s`nek =1) |}gx`ck~ soas zkseaic~4

―fap ìng}|g}ask }`|a}ài aic nga~sae tgik~ acdankis sg sok zkseaic~% aic `~eaic~ g} mgc`k~ gh fa}ìk zask}

ckk|k} soai ~` fksk}~ as egz s`ck epìj z`soì sok zkseaic~‖

Sok h`}~s ~n`kis`h`n fa||ìj gh zkseaic~ gh @icà za~ na}}`kc g{s c{}ìj100=&0> mp ^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k

/@^]G)% Aofkcamac% as sok mkok~s gh sok Fì`~s}p gh Kix`}gifkis aic Hg}k~s~ /FgKH)% Jgxs gh @icà {~ìj

}kfgsk ~ki~ìj casa h}gf @icài ]kfgsk ^ki~ìj ~askee`sk /@]^ ~k}`k~) Sok fa||ìj za~ cgik as 14=;<%<<<

~naek {~ìj @]^ 1A E@^^&@'@@ casa gh 100=&0> s`fkh}afk {ick} sok Ias`gi&z`ck Zkseaic Fa||ìj \}gdkns

^ìnk% ig ~{`samek zkseaic nea~~`h`nas`gi k`~skc hg} ngf|}koki~`xk ìxkisg}p gh zkseaic~ ì sok ng{is}p as soas

s`fk% sok |}gdkns {~kc a nea~~`h`nas`gi ~p~skf ma~kc gi ]af~a} Ngixkis`gi ckhì`s`gi gh zkseaic~ Soknea~~`h`nas`gi ngi~`ck}~ aee |a}s~ gh a zask} fa~~ ìne{cìj `s~ kngsgiae a}ka a~ zkseaic @i acc`s`gi% h`~o aic

~o}`f| |gic~% ~aes|ai~% }k~k}xg`}~% j}axke |`s~ zk}k ae~g ìne{ckc a~ zkseaic~ So`~ ìxkisg}p |{s sok zkseaic

kskis /ìeaic a~ zkee a~ nga~sae) as amg{s ?=8 fèe`gi oa /Ja}j ks ae % 100?) Sok~k k~s`fask~ /=3 naskjg}`k~)

cg igs ìne{ck }`nk'|accp h`kec~% }`xk}~% naiae~ aic `}}`jas`gi noaiike~

H{}sok} {|casìj gh zkseaic fa|~ gh @icà za~ na}}`kc g{s mp ÂN {~ìj @]^ \8']k~g{}nk~as AZ`H^ casa gh

=<<3&<; as 14=;<%<<< ~naek @i }knkis pka}~% a ngi~k}xas`gi asea~ oa~ mkki m}g{jos g{s mp âe`f Ae` Nkis}k

hg} G}i`sogegjp aic Ias{}ae O`~sg}p /ÂNGI% =<<3)% zo`no |}gx`ck ma~`n ìhg}fas`gi }kq{`}kc mp ~sabkogeck}~

ì mgso zkseaic oam`sas aic ~|kn`k~ ngi~k}xas`gi ^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k oa~ na}}`kc g{s faip |ègs

|}gdkns~ hg} ckxkeg|fkis gh J@^ ma~kc zkseaic ìhg}fas`gi ~p~skf /\aske ks ae % =<<>) aic Eabk @ihg}fas`gi

~p~skf /^ìjo ks ae % =<<>)

http://www.ramsar.org/




;

=< IAS@GIAE ZKSEAIC @IXKISG]P AIC A^^K^^FKIS /IZ@A) \]GDKNS

]kae`~ìj sok `f|g}saink gh faip ~faee zkseaic~ soas cgs sok @icài eaic~na|k% `s oa~ mkki {iai`fg{~ep hkessoas ìxkisg}p gh sok zkseaic~ as 14;<%<<< ~naek~ `~ k~~kisàe Sok sa~b ~kkfkc noaeekijìj ì x`kz gh sok xa~sjkgj}a|o`n a}ka gh g{} ng{is}p ki}`nokc z`so c`xk}~k zkseaic nea~~k~ ^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k z`so `s~k|k}`kink ì {~k gh ]^ aic J@^ ì sok h`kec gh zkseaic ~s{c`k~% sggb {| so`~ noaeekijìj sa~b So`~ `~ h{}sok}~s}kijsokikc mp sok hans soas j{`ckeìk~ sg n}kask jkg~|asàe h}afkzg}b% ngc`h`nas`gi ~nokfk% casa ma~k~s}{ns{}k ksn hg} ias{}ae }k~g{}nk~ ~{}xkp oa~ ae}kacp mkki zkee k~same`~okc mp sok ì`sàs`xk gh @^]G {ick}

xa}`g{~ ias`giae ekxke fa||ìj |}gdkns~ Z`so so`~ ~s}kijso% sok Ias`giae Zkseaic @ixkisg}p aic A~~k~~fkis/IZ@A) |}gdkns za~ hg}f{easkc mp ÂN% zo`no za~ a||}gxkc aic h{ickc mp FgKH

Sok faì gmdkns`xk~ gh sok |}gdkns a}k4

• Sg fa| sok zkseaic~ gi 14;<<<< ~naek {~ìj szg cask / |}k aic |g~s fgi~ggi) @]^ E@^^ @@@ c`j`sae casa

hgeegzìj a ~saica}c zkseaic nea~~`h`nas`gi ~p~skf

• @iskj}as`gi gh ainèea}p sokfk eapk}~ / }gac% }aè% ~kssekfkis~% c}aìajk% acfì`~s}as`xk mg{ica}`k~)

• N}kas`gi gh a ~kafek~~ casama~k gh sok ~sask~ aic ng{is}p ì J@^ kix`}gifkis

• \}k|a}as`gi gh ^sask&z`~k zkseaic asea~

Sok |}gdkns za~ ì`sàskc c{}ìj =<<: Sok h`}~s sa~b za~ sg oaxk a nea~~`h`nas`gi ~p~skf soas nai mk {~kc mpc`hhk}kis sp|k~ {~k}~ zoèk afkiamek sg casama~k Ai k|k}s'|kk} j}g{| za~ hg}fkc aic sok |kk} }kx`kz za~okec as ÂN gi D{ik =<<: zok}k zkseaic k|k}s~ aic casama~k k|k}s~ |a}s`n`|askc aic hìae`tkc soknea~~`h`nas`gi ~p~skf @s za~ aj}kkc sg hgeegz sok nea~~`h`nas`gi ~p~skf soas oa~ mkki {~kc hg} sok ka}e`k}|}gdkns gh 14=;<%<<< ~naek% z`so ~e`jos fgc`h`nas`gi Fgc`h`kc Ias`giae Zkseaic Nea~~`h`nas`gi ~p~skf hg}zkseaic ckeìkas`gi aic fa||ìj ngf|}`~k 10 zkseaic nea~~k~ zo`no a}k g}jai`tkc {ick} a Ekxke @@@o`k}a}no`nae ~p~skf Sok ckhì`s`gi gh kano zkseaic nea~~ aic `s~ ìsk}|}ksas`gi fksogc za~ hìae`tkc Soksknoi`nae'|}gnkc{}k fai{ae za~ |}k|a}kc a~ sok ~saica}c j{`ckeìk hg} sok |}gdkns kkn{s`gi an}g~~ sokng{is}p /Ja}j aic \aske% =<<:) Sok |}k~kis asea~ `~ |a}s gh sok ias`giae ekxke casa ma~k aic ckae~ z`so sok~sask gh G}`~~a

=1 Zkseaic Nea~~`h`nas`gi ^p~skf

@i sok |}k~kis |}gdkns% Fgc`h`kc Ias`giae Zkseaic Nea~~`h`nas`gi ~p~skf `~ {~kc hg} zkseaic ckeìkas`gi aicfa||ìj ngf|}`~ìj gh 10 zkseaic nea~~k~ zo`no a}k g}jai`tkc {ick} a Ekxke @@@ o`k}a}no`nae ~p~skf /Samek1) Ekxke gik oa~ szg nea~~k~4 @ieaic aic nga~sae% sok~k a}k h{}sok} m`h{}naskc ìsg szg naskjg}`k~ a~4 ias{}aeaic fai&fack {ick} zo`no sok 10 zkseaic nea~~k~ a}k ~{`samep |eankc Szg cask casa |k}saììj sg |}k&fgi~ggi aic |g~s fgi~ggi za~ {~kc sg ngih`}f sok nea~~k~ Zkseaic~ |{s sg aj}`n{es{}k {~k ì aip gh sokszg cask~ `~ igs ìne{ckc a~ zkseaic nea~~ Ckhì`s`gi~ gh zkseaic naskjg}`k~ {~kc ì sok |}gdkns `~ j`xki ìAiik{}k&@

==1 ^|asàe H}afkzg}b aic J@^ Casama~k

Sok Ias`giae ^|asàe H}afkzg}b) /I^H) oa~ mkki {~kc a~ sok ~|asàe h}afkzg}b sg n}kask sok casama~k

/Aigi =<<:) Sok casama~k ck~`ji aic n}kas`gi ~saica}c ~{jjk~skc mp I]CM'II]F^ j{`ckeìk~ `~hgeegzkc Hkas{}k ngc`h`nas`gi ~nokfk hg} kxk}p ì|{s kekfkis oa~ mkki zg}bkc g{s bkk|ìj ì x`kz sokias`giz`ck acfì`~s}as`xk a~ zkee a~ ias{}ae o`k}a}nop /^sask&c`~s}`ns& z`soì sok hkas{}k nea~~ hg} kano gh soksokfk Aee casa kekfkis~ a}k j`xki a {i`q{k iafk% zo`no a}k ~keh k|eaiasg}p z`so ~og}s hg}f~

Hgeegzìj zkseaic eapk}~ a}k jkik}askc hg} kano ìeaic zkseaic4

Zkseaic kskis4 A~ zkseaic~ kingf|a~~ g|ki zask}% aq{as`n xkjksas`gi /~{mfk}jkc% hegasìj aickfk}jkis)% sok zkseaic mg{ica}p ~og{ec `ckaeep ìne{ck aee sok~k âskee`sk `fajk j`xk~ a neka} ~`jias{}kgh sok zkseaic kskic~ h}gf sok `f|}ìs gh zask} ~|}kac gxk} sok pka}~

Zask} ~|}kac4 Sok}k a}k szg eapk}~ }k|}k~kisìj |g~s&fgi~ggi aic |}k&fgi~ggi zask} ~|}kac c{}ìjsok pka} gh casa anq{`~`s`gi

Aq{as`n xkjksas`gi ~|}kac4 Sok |}k~kink gh xkjksas`gi ì zkseaic~ |}gx`ck~ ìhg}fas`gi amg{s `s~s}g|o`n ngic s`gi A~ `~ bigzi% aq{as n xkjksas`gi `~ gh hg{} sp|k~% x`t mkiso`n% ~{mfk}jkc% hegasìj%aic kfk}jkis @s `~ |g~~`mek sg ckeìkask ea~s szg sp|k~ gh xkjksas`gi {~ìj g|s`nae }kfgsk ~ki~ìj casa



8

A q{ae`sas`xk eapk} |k}saììj sg |}k~kink gh xkjksas`gi `~ jkik}askc hg} kano ~ka~gi /a~ fai`hk~skc gi|g~s&fgi~ggi aic |g~s&fgi~ggi fajk}p)

S{}m`c`sp ekxke gh g|ki zask}4 A eapk} |k}saììj sg a q{ae`sas`xk s{}m`c`sp }asìj ~ jkik}askc So}kkq{ae`sas`xk s{}m`c`sp }asìj~ / egz% fkc`{f aic o`jo) `~ hgeegzkc hg} |}k aic |g~s&fgi~ggi s{}m`c`sp gheabk~% }k~k}xg`}~% ma}}ajk~ aic gsok} ea}jk zkseaic~

^faee zkseaic~ /~faeek} soai fì`f{f fa||amek {i`s) a}k fa||kc a~ |gìs hkas{}k~

Ma~k eapk}~ e`bk fadg} }gac ikszg}b% }aèzap% ~kssekfkis~% aic ~{}hank c}aìajk a}k n}kaskc /k`sok}h}gf sok n{}}kis `fajk g} sabki h}gf gsok} |}gdkns casa ma~k)

Samek 14 Zkseaic Nea~~`h`nas`gi ^p~skf aic ngcìj

Zkssngck$ Ekxke @ Ekxke @@ Ekxke @@@

1<<< @ieaic Zkseaic~

11<< Ias{}ae

11<1 Eabk~

11<= G&Mgz Eabk~' N{s&Ghh Fkaick}~

11<> O`jo aes`s{ck Zkseaic~

11<3 ]`xk}ìk Zkseaic~

11<; Zask}egjjkc

11<8 ]`xk}'~s}kaf

1=<< Fai&fack

1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~' Ma}}ajk~

1=<= Saib~'\gic~

1=<> Zask}egjjkc

1=<3 âes |ai~

=<<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~

=1<< Ias{}ae

=1<1 Eajggi~

=1<= N}kkb~

=1<> âic'Mkano

=1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~

=1<; âes Fa}~o

=1<8 Faij}gxk~

=1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~

==<< Fai&fack

==<1 âes |ai~

==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~

$4 Zkseaic sp|k ngck



:

>< ^S[CP A]KA

G}`~~a `~ gik gh sok ka~sk}i nga~sae ~sask~ gh @icà @s `~ egnaskc mkszkki sok |a}aeeke~ gh 1:30 I aic ==>3 Ieas`s{ck~ aic fk}`cài~ gh ?1=: K aic ?:=0 K egij`s{ck~ @s `~ mg{ickc mp sok Map gh Mkijae gi sok ka~s%Facopa \}ack~o aic Nooas`~ja}o gi sok zk~s% Doa}boaic aic Zk~s Mkijae gi sok ig}so aic Aico}a\}ack~o gi sok ~g{so/H`j{}k >) @s oa~ a nga~s eìk gh amg{s 3?< bf @s kskic~ gxk} ai a}ka gh 1;;:<: ~q bfngf|}`~ìj 3:3 + gh sok ng{is}p‐~ eaicfa~~ Anng}cìj sg sok =<<1 nki~{~% `s oa~ a sgsae |g|{eas`gi gh>8 ?<3 <<<% zo`no anng{is~ hg} >;: + gh sok sgsae |g|{eas`gi gh @icà Acfì`~s}as`xkep% `s oa~ >< c`~s}`ns~%

> }kxki{k c`x`~`gi~% ;: ~{m&c`x`~`gi~% 113 saoa~è~% >13 ngff{i`sp ckxkeg|fkis megnb~% ;1<;: xèeajk~ aic1=> {}mai nkis}k~

Sok ~sask k|k}`kink~ hg{} c`~sìns ~ka~gi~% iafkep zìsk} /Cknkfmk} sg Hkm}{a}p)% ~{ffk} /Fa}no sg Fap)%Fgi~ggi /D{ik sg ^k|skfmk}) aic \g~s&fgi~ggi/Gnsgmk} aic Igxkfmk})

Amg{s ?<&?>+ gh sok aii{ae }aìhaee /axk}ajk amg{s 13<<ff) gnn{}~ c{}ìj sok fgi~ggi |k}`gc aic sokaxk}ajk i{fmk} gh }aìp cap~ `~ a}g{ic :< Sok }aìhaee `~ ea}jkep c{k sg ~g{so&zk~s fgi~ggi C{}ìj |g~s&fgi~ggi |k}`gc% sok ~sask }knk`xk~ ai axk}ajk }aìhaee gh ==&=; nf C{}ìj so`~ ~ka~gi ìski~k egz |}k~~{}k~p~skf naeekc S}g|`nae Npnegi`n ~sg}f~ a}k hg}fkc aic ~s}`bk sok G}`~~a nga~s na{~ìj ngi~`ck}amek eg~~ ghe`hk aic |}g|k}sp Sok ~sask k|k}`kink~ k`sok} okaxp heggc g} c}g{jos kxk}p aesk}iask pka} c{k sgc`~|}g|g}s`giask c`~s}`m{s`gi gh }aìhaee aic haè{}k gh fgi~ggi ì ~gfk a}ka~

Sok fkai fgisoep fa`f{f skf|k}as{}k `~ amg{s >: ¼N aic sok fì`f{f `~ 1> ¼N Sok fkai fgisoepfg}iìj }keas`xk o{f`c`sp /]O) ì sok ~sask xa}`k~ h}gf 8>+ ì A|}è&Fap sg ?3+ ì A{j{~s Sok ahsk}iggifkai fgisoep ]O xa}`k~ h}gf ;3+ ì Dai{a}p sg ?1+ ì A{j{~s C{}ìj fgi~ggi% sok ]O }kanok~ 0>+/^\NM%=<<8)

Gi sok ma~`~ gh ogfgjkik`sp% ngisì{`sp aic |op~`gj}a|o`nae noa}ansk}`~s`n~% G}`~~a oa~ mkki c`x`ckc ìsg h`xkfadg} fg}|ogegj`nae }kj`gi~ 4 sok G}`~~a Nga~sae \eaì ì sok ka~s% sok F`ccek Fg{isaìg{~ aic O`joeaic~]kj`gi% sok Nkis}ae |easka{~% sok zk~sk}i }geeìj {|eaic~ aic sok fadg} heggc |eaì~

Sok G}`~~a Nga~sae \eaì~ a}k sok ck|g~`s`giae eaichg}f~ gh }knkis g}`jì aic jkgegj`naeep mkegij sg sok \g~s&Sk}sà}p \k}`gc Sok :; f ngisg{}&eìk cke`f`s~ sok`} zk~sk}i mg{ica}p aic c`hhk}kisàsk~ sokf h}gf sokF`ccek Fg{isaìg{~ ]kj`gi So`~ }kj`gi ~s}ksnok~ h}gf sok Zk~s Mkijae mg}ck}% `k h}gf sok ]`xk}

^{ma}ia}kboa ì sok ig}so sg sok ]`xk} Mao{ca ì sok ~g{so

So`~ }kj`gi `~ sok ngfmìas`gi gh ~kxk}ae ckesa~ gh xa}`kc ~`tk~ aic ~oa|k~ hg}fkc mp sok fadg} }`xk}~ ghG}`~~a% ~{no a~ sok ^{ma}ia}kboa% sok M{coamaeaija% sok Ma`sa}ai`% sok M}aofai`% aic sok Faoaiac`@s ~s}ksnok~ aegij sok nga~s gh sok Map gh Mkijae oaxìj sok fa`f{f z`cso ì sok F`ccek Nga~sae \eaì /sokFaoaiac` Ckesa)% ia}}gz ì sok Ig}sok}i Nga~sae \eaì /Maea~g}k \eaì) aic ia}}gzk~s ì sok ^g{sok}iNga~sae \eaì /Jaidaf \eaì) Sok Ig}so Nga~sae \eaì ngf|}`~k~ sok ckesa~ gh sok ^{ma}ia}kboa aic sokM{coamaeaija }`xk}~ aic mka}~ kx`ckink~ gh fa}ìk s}ai~j}k~~`gi~ Sok F`ccek Nga~sae \eaì ngf|}`~k~ sokngf|g{ic ckesa~ gh sok Ma`sa}ai`% M}aofai` aic Faoaiac` }`xk}~ aic mka}~ kx`ckink~ gh |a~s manb map~ aic|}k~kis eabk~ Sok ^g{so Nga~sae \eaì ngf|}`~k~ sok ean{~s}ìk |eaì gh Noè`ba eabk aic sok k~s{a}ìk }kj`gigh sok ]{~o`b{epa ]`xk}

Sok F`ccek Fg{isaìg{~ aic O`joeaic~ ]kj`gi

Sok }kj`gi ngxk}~ amg{s so}kk&hg{}so gh sok kis`}k ^sask Jkgegj`naeep `s `~ a |a}s gh sok @icài \kiì~{ea zo`noa~ a |a}s gh sok ain`kis eaicfa~~ gh sok Jgiczaiaeaic Sok fadg} }`xk}~ gh G}`~~a z`so sok`} s}`m{sa}`k~ oaxkn{s ckk| aic ia}}gz xaeekp~ So`~ }kj`gi fg~sep ngf|}`~k~ sok oèe~ aic fg{isaì~ gh sok Ka~sk}i Joas~zo`no }`~k am}{|sep aic ~skk|ep ì sok ka~s aic ~eg|k jkisep sg a c`~~knskc |easka{ ì sok zk~s }{iiìj h}gfig}so&ka~s /Fap{}moaid) sg ig}so&zk~s /Faebaiaj`}`)

Sok Nkis}ae \easka{~

Sok |easka{~ a}k fg~sep k}gckc |easka{~ hg}fìj sok zk~sk}i ~eg|k~ gh sok Ka~sk}i Joas~ z`so kekxas`gixa}pìj h}gf ><;&81< fksk}~ Sok}k a}k szg m}gac |easka{~ ì G}`~~a 4 /`) sok \ai|g~o & Bkgidoa} &\aeeaoa}a|easka{ ngf|}`~k~ sok [||k} Ma`sa}ai` nasnofkis ma~ì% aic /``) sok Iam}aij|{} & Dkp|g}k |easka{ ngf|}`~k~sok âma}` ma~ì

Sok Zk~sk}i ]geeìj [|eaic~

Sok~k a}k egzk} ì kekxas`gi soai sok |easka{~ oaxìj ok`jos~ xa}pìj h}gf 1;> fksk}~ sg ><; fksk}~



?

]`xk}~ gh G}`~~a

]`xk}~ ì G}`~~a sog{jo igs |k}kiiàe% ~k}xk sok ma~`n }kq{`}kfkis gh sok ~sask Aee sok }`xk}~ gh \{}` c`~s}`nsoaxk a ngffgi noa}ansk}`~s`n~ @i sok ogs zkasok} sokp a}k mkc~ gh ~aic z`so sìp ~s}kaf~ g} igik as aee %zoèk ì sok }aì~ sokp }knk`xk fg}k zask} soai sokp nai na}}p A m}`kh ck~n}`|s`gi gi sok fadg} }`xk} ~p~skf~a}k j`xki a~ hgeegz~4

Faoaiac` 4 @s `~ sok fadg} }`xk} gh G}`~~a aic sok ~`so ea}jk~s }`xk} ì @icà @s g}`jìask~ h}gf sokAfa}baisab oèe~ gh sok Ma~sa} \easka{ ì ]a`|{} c`~s}`ns gh Facopa \}ack~o @s `~ amg{s ?;: bf Egij /303 bfì G}`~~a) aic `s~ nasnofkis a}ka ~|}kac~ gxk} 131%8<< ~q bf /8;%;?< ~q bf ì G}`~~a) Sok }`xk} na}}`k~ giai axk}ajk gh amg{s 0=%8<< fèe`gi f gh zask}

M}aofai`4 @s `~ sok ~kngic ea}jk~s }`xk} ì G}`~~a @s g}`jìask~ a~ szg fadg} }`xk}~ e`bk sok âibo aic sok Bgkeh}gf sok Noogsaiaj|{} \easka{ gh Mòa} aic mgso dgì as Xkca Xpa~a ika} ]g{}bkea gh ^{ica}ja}o c`~s}`ns ghG}`~~a hg}fìj sok fadg} ]`xk} M}aofai` @s hegz~ so}g{jo sok Ka~ski Joas~ ì ^{ica}ja}o% Bkic{doa}%Cokibaiae% N{ssanb aic Dad|{} c`~s}`ns~ ìsg sok Nga~sae \eaì~ aic kisk}~ ìsg sok Map gh Mkijae aegij z`so angfmìkc fg{so z`so sok Faoaiac` bigzi a~ sok Coaf}a Sok M}aofai` `~ :00 bf egij /;31 bf ì G}`~~a)aic `s~ nasnofkis a}ka ~|}kac~ gxk} >0%<>> ~q bf ì G}`~~a

Ma`sa}ai`4 @s g}`jìask~ h}gf sok Jgia~`ba oèe~ gh sok Bkic{doa} c`~s}`ns @s `~ >8; bf egij aic `s~ nasnofkisa}ka ~|}kac~ gxk} 1=%:0< ~q bf @s kisk}~ ìsg sok Map gh Mkijae ahsk} dgììj gh sok M}aofai` as Coa}fafg{so ika} Noaicamae`

^{ma}ia}kboa4 @s g}`jìask~ h}gf sok Noogsiaj|{} |easka{ gh Mòa} @s `~ 3>> bf /:< bf ì G}`~~a ) aic oa~ anasnofkis a}ka gh 10%;<< bf />%=<< bf ì G}`~~a ) z`so a fkai aii{ae hegz gh :%0<< fèe`gi f

M{coamaeaija4 @s g}`jìask~ h}gf sok ka~sk}i ~eg|k~ gh sok ^`fè`|ae fa~~`h @s `~ amg{s 1:; bf egij oaxìj asgsae nasnofkis a}ka gh 3?3< ~q bf z`so ai aii{ae hegz gh =1:: fèe`gi f @s~ fadg} s}`m{sa}`k~ a}k sok ^gik%sok Jaijacoa}% sok Nas}a ksn

]{~o`b{èpa4 @s g}`jìask~ h}gf sok ]{~opafaea oèe~ gh sok Ka~sk}i Joas~ ì \o{emai` c`~s}`ns @s `~ 18; bf egijz`so ?0<< ~q bf gh nasnofkis a}ka @s~ s}`m{sa}`k~ a}k sok Majo{a %sok Coaik` Macaiac` ksn @s oa~ ig ckesa as

`s~ fg{so

Mao{ca4 @s g}`jìask~ h}gf sok ]afj`}` oèe~ gh sok Ka~sk}i Joas~ ì Jada|as` c`~s}`ns aic dgì~ sok map ghMkijae ika} sok mg}ck} a}ka gh G}`~~a aic Aico}a \}ack~o @s~ ekijso `~ :> bf oaxìj a nasnofkis a}ka gh1=;< ~q bf

Mai~acoa}a4 @s g}`jìask~ h}gf sok Heaib~ gh sok C{}jabaija} oèe~ /Eìja}ad oèe~) gh sok Ka~sk}i Joas~ ìBaeaoaic` c`~s}`ns @s `~ =>< bf egij% g{s gh zo`no giep 1;< bf `~ ì G}`~~a @s kisk}~ ì sg sok Map gh Mkijae asBaeìja|asiaf ì Aico}a \}ack~o @s oa~ a nasnofkis a}ka gh 11;<< ~q bf

Iajamae`4 @s g}`jìask~ h}gf sok M`d`|{} Oèe~ gh sok Ka~sk}i Joas~ ika} Eaid` ja}ao @s `~ =1< bf egij% g{s ghzo`no 1<< bf `~ ì G}`~~a @s oa~ a sgsae nasnofkis a}ka gh amg{s 031< ~q bf

âeaic`4 @s g}`jìask~ h}gf sok Fkjoa~ai` Oèe~ gh sok ^`fè`|ae fa~~`h ì Bkgidoa} c`~s}`ns @s `~ 133 bf egijz`so a nasnofkis a}ka~ gh 1:0> ~q bf

Sok @ic}amas`4 @s g}`jìask~ h}gf sok Ka~sk}i Joas~ ì Baeaoaic` c`~s}`ns @s `~ ;>< bf egij z`so a nasnofkisa}ka gh 31:<< ~q bf a~ a s}`m{sa}p aic hegz~ ìsg sok Jgcaxa}` }`xk}

Sok Bgeam 4 @s g}`jìask~ h}gf sok ^ìba}ai oèe~ gh sok Ka~sk}i Joas~ ì Bg}a|{s c`~s}`ns @s oa~ nasnofkis a}kagh amg{s =<3<< ~q bf

Eabk~'Eajggi

Sok Noèe`ba `~ a m}anb`~o zask} eajggi egnaskc ì sok ~g{sok}i |a}s gh sok G}`~~a nga~sae |eaì @s~ a}ka xa}`k~h}gf :?< ~q bf aic 1133 ~q bf h}gf zìsk} sg fgi~ggi fgiso~ oaxìj a ekijso gh :1 bf aic

>= bf m}kacso @s `~ gik gh sok ]af~a} ~`sk~ gh @icà Ogfk sg sog{~aic~ gh ngeg{}h{e m`}c~ so}g{jog{s sokpka}% `s `~ |a}s`n{ea}ep z`so sok f`j}asg}p m`}c~ zog ck~nkic gi `s h}gf a~ ha} ghh a~ ^`mk}à ì zìsk} ~ka~giSok zo`sk&mkee`kc ~ka kajek% sok j}kp ekjjkc jkk~k sok |kano ngeg{}kc heafìjgk~% |{}|ek fgg}oki% Danaiaaic Ok}gi&aee fìjek ì a he{}}p gh n}k~skc hkasok}~ aic j}ank



0

Sok ~{}}g{icìj oèe~ aic ~aicp ~s}ksnok~ amg{ic ì no`sae~% meanb m{nb~% fgibkp~% h`~oìj nas~% fgijgg~kaic |g}n{|ìk~ aic a K}}azac` cge|oì |g|{eas`gi naxg}sìj dgph{eep ika} sok noaiike fkksìj sok ~kaîabk~% s{}sek~ aic e`ta}c~ ìoam`s sok ~{}}g{icìj mkano a}ka aic zggckc xkjksas`gi

A i{fmk} gh `~eaic~ cgs sok k|ai~k gh sok eajggi Iaemaia @~eaic% mkna{~k gh `s~ xa}`kc heg}a aic ha{iahg}f sok ng}k gh Noè`ba ~ains{a}p Bae`da` @~eaic `~ ogfk sg sok jgcck~~ Bae`da` aic ghhk}~ a |`ns{}k~q{ksg{}`~s ~|gs

âs|aca `~ ai `ckae ~|gs sg kidgp Noè`ba eajggi Sok so}èeìj ~`jos gh K}}azac` cge|oì~ }g{ic sok pka} aicam{icaink gh f`j}asg}p aic }k~`ckis m`}c~ ì zìsk} fabk âs|aca a |}khk}}kc |eank hg} a kng&sg{}`~f

Mo`sa}abai`ba ains{a}p

Mo`sa}abai`ba ]k~k}xk hg}k~s cknea}kc a~ Zèce`hk âins{a}p a}ka `~ sok ~kxk}ae ea}jk~s ngis`j{g{~ faij}gxkhg}k~s ì @icà @s `~ ea}jk~s ì sok ka~s nga~s gh @icà @s e`k~ mkszkki sok eas`s{ck =<< ><‐ aic=<< ;<‐ I aic sok egij`s{ck ?8< 3;‐ aic ?:< 1<‐K ì sok ig}soka~s gh sok Faoaiac` ckesa ì Bkic}a|aca c`~s}`ns@i 10:; Mo`sa}abai`ba za~ cknea}kc a~ a ~ains{a}p {ick} sok Zèc E`hk |}gskns`gi ans% 10:= aic ngf|}`~k~Mo`sa}abai`ba% Bae`moaidacài aic Jao`}fasoa faij}gxk a}ka C{k sg `s~ m`gc`xk}~`sp aic {i`q{kik~~ sok~ains{a}p a}ka `~ }knkisep cknea}kc a~ a ]af~a} ~`sk Sok ~ains{a}p `~ mg{ickc mp sok Coafa}a ]`xk} ì sokig}so% sok Oai~{a ì sok zk~s aic sok Map gh Mkijae ì sok ka~s aic ~g{so Jao`}fasoa faij}gxk a}kangf|}`~k~ ^{i`}{|` ]H% Oamè`b{is` \H aic Jao`}fasoa \H Sok a}ka `~ {ick}eaì mp aee{xàe ck|g~`s~ zo`noa}k m}g{jos cgzi mp sok }`xk}~ Sok axk}ajk aii{ae }aì haee `~1><< ff aic sok faì }aìp fgiso~ a}k h}gf D{ep sg ^k|skfmk} Sok a}ka `~ ae~g |}gik sg ~kxk}k npnegi`n~sg}f~ c{}ìj A|}è sg D{ik aic Gnsgmk} sg Igxkfmk} Sok skf|k}as{}k xa}`k~ mkszkki 1<<N fì`f{f ìzìsk} sg 3;<

Sok c`xk}~`sp ì ha{ia `~ xk}p o`jo Sok ai`fae~ soas a}k a~~gnàskc z`so faij}gxk~ oaxk a z`ck }aijk ghìxk}skm}ask aic xk}skm}ask ha{ia Sok}k a}k amg{s 1:= ~|kn`k~ gh m`}c~% 03 ~|kn`k~ gh }k|sèk~% =8 ~|kn`k~ gh

n fa`f{f ì ~{ffk} Sok o{f`c`sp `~ o`jo so}g{jog{s sok pka} xa}pìj mkszkki :; sg 0; +

Sok ig}sok}i |g}s`gi gh sok Faoaiac` Ckesa hg}f sok Mo`sa}abai`ba zèce`hk ~ains{a}p% zo`no ngf|}`~k~ ~aicpmkanok~% f{cheas~ aic cki~k faij}gxk hg}k~s aic `~ ìsk}}{|skc mp a i{fmk} gh ~faee n}kkb~ aic ~s}kaf~Sok kis`}k nga~s oa~ heas~% ~aic ~|`s~ z`so a i{fmk} gh ~faee ~aic c{ik~ gh amg{s <; „1< f aic ngxk}kc z`somkano xkjksas`gi A~ a }k~{es gh o`jo zìc ans`gi ~afk c{ik~ oaxk j}gzi {| sg =< f ok`jos as nk}saì |eank~

Mo`sa}abai`ba }kj`gi `~ ngxk}kc z`so ~kc`fkis~ gh heggc |eaì ck|g~`s~ C{k sg }kj{ea} ì{icas`gi so}g{jo s`caeans`gi sok ~gè `~ fg~sep neapkp egaf aic o`joep ~e{~op Sok ~{}hank ~gè `~ ngf|g~kc gh ~ès egaf aic neapkp

egaf aic `~ amg{s so}kk sg hg{} fksk} ì ck|so Sok ~gè% sog{jo zkee ak}askc `~ ~aeìk ì sok kekxaskc a}ka~azap h}gf sok n}kkb~ aic noaiike~ sok ~gè `~ fg}k ~aicp aic ngf|a}as`xkep ek~~ fg`~s aic ~aeìk

Sok faij}gxk~ gh Mo`sa}abai`ba ngf|}`~k~ :< ~|kn`k~% ìne{cìj faij}gxk aic sok`} a~~gnàsk~ z`so3 ~|kn`k~ gh M}{jk`}a % > ~|kn`k~ gh kano Ax`nkiià % ^giik}asà% Ok}`s`k}a% ]o`tg|og}a aic _pegna}|{~ Sok faij}gxk ~|kn`k~ a}k fg~sep nginkis}askc aegij sok ikszg}b gh n}kkb~ aic noaiike~ aic kskic h}gfsok ~okesk}kc map sg sok kekxaskc maib~ gh sok {||k} }`|a}ài tgik% zok}k sok ngf|g~`s`gi gh sok faij}gxkngff{i`sp `~ c{k sg sok |}k~kink gh igi& faijek~ aic s}ai~`sg}p faijek~ \assia`b aic Nog{co{}p /10??)nea~~`h`kc Mo`sa}abai`ba xkjksas`gi ìsg faijae aic ~aes m{~o hg}fas`gi

Faijae~4 Sokp a}k nea~~`h`kc ìsg so}kk naskjg}`k~ iafkep K{faijae~% ~kf`& faijae~ ( s}ai~`s`giae faijae~

K{faijae~4 Sok~k sp|`nae faij}gxk~ a}k hg{ic ì zask} egjjìj a}ka aic acg|skc hg} o`jo ~aeì`sp xa}às`giSok cgfìais s}kk~ gh so`~ sp|k a}k ]o`tg|og}a a|`n{easa% ] f{n}giasa% Ax`nkiià ghh`nìae`~% M}{j{`k}a jpfig}}m`ta% Nk}`g|~ cknaic}a% Akj`nk}a~ ng}}i`n{eas{f% ^giik}asà a|ksaea aic ^ na~kgea}`~ Sok~k a}kjkik}aeep kxk}j}kki aic ~ogz a o`jo ckj}kk gh fg}|ogegj`nae aic }k|}gc{ns`xk a aca|sas`giA cgfìais j}a~~ \g}s}k~à nga}nsasa a}k hg{ic aegij sok maib~ zo`no a}k ~{mfk}jkc c{}ìj o`jo s`ck

^kf`&faijae4 Sokp j}gz neg~k sg }`xk}ìk aic n}kkb~ Sok faì ~|kn`k~ a}k Ok}`s`k}a hg}fk~%Nk}mk}à faijae~% Npigfks}a f`fg~g`ck~% _pegna}|{~ j}aias{f% Kngkna}à ajaeegnoa aicSafa}` icèa

S}ai~`s`giae faijae~4 Sok~k |eais~ a}k zkee acg|skc sg fg}k sk}}k~s}àe oam`sas Faip gh sokf a}k ckn`c{g{~aic hkz a}k kxk}j}kki Sokp a}k fg~sep hg{ic ì ek~~ s`cae ans`gi g} egz ~aeì`sp Sok ngffgi ~|kn`k~ hg{ic ìs}ai~`s`giae faij}gxk~ a}k O`m`~n{~ sèànki~% Kngkna}à ajaeegnoa % Heajkeea}à ìc`na% \gija |ìiasa% Ck}}`~

s}`hgeàsk aic âexacg}a |k}~`na% aic ~o}{m~ ~{no a~ ^pig~skfg{~ mk~`hg}fk aic ^pt`j{f }{~nhgef{



1<

faffae~ aic ; ~|kn`k~ gh af|o`mài~ }kng}ckc ì sok Mo`sa}abai`ba Sok `f|g}sais faffae~ a}k zèc mga}%fgibkp% ~|gsskc ckk}% ~afma} aic h`~oìj nas Sok ~sa} ass}ans`gi c{}ìj fgi~ggi `~ sok― Maja Jaoai‖ ì Mo`sa}abai`ba zo`no so}gijkc sog{~aic~ gh ik~sìj aq{as`n m`}c~ @s oa~ mkki k~s`faskc soasfg}k soai ?<%<<< m`}c~ ik~s sgjksok} /ngff{i`sp ik~sìj) aic fadg}`sp gh m`}c~ /a||}g`faskep 8<+) ìne{ckg|ki „ mèekc ~sg}b~ Sok hg}k~s ck|a}sfkis gh G}`~~a k~same`~okc a ~aes zask} n}gngcèk }k~ka}no aicngi~k}xas`gi nkisk} as Caijfae ì 10:; hg} m}kkcìj gh |g|{eas`gi gh sok kicaijk}kc }k|sèk {~ìj sok j}gzaic }keka~k sknoi`q{k Sok egijk~s @icài e`ta}c% zask} fgi`sg} /Xa}ai{~ ~ae`xasg} )% sok ea}jk~sigi&|g`~gig{~ ~iabk |psogi /\psogi fge{}{~ ) aic ckacep |g`~gig{~ ~iabk% bìj ngm}a/G|o`g|oaj{~ oaiiao ) a}k ~kki ì Mo`sa}abai`ba Sok af|o`mài~ e`bk @icài sgac% s}kk h}gj% ~b`||ìj h}gjaic gsok} h}gj~ a}k ae~g ~kki ì Mo`sa}abai`ba a}ka H`~o aic |}azi~ ~|kic fg~s gh sok`} ac{es e`hk as ~ka aic}ks{}i sg sok faij}gxk a}ka hg} ~|aziìj ^gfk gh sok ngffk}nàeep `f|g}sais h`~ok~ a}k Oè~a/Oè~a èe`~oa )% F{eeks /Boaìja s ~|)% Mokbss` /Eask~ naena}`hk} )% Baisà /Fpns{~ ~|)% Ainogxkeea ~| ksn \}azi~~{no a~ s`jk} |}azi /\kiag{~ fgigcgi)% \ ìc`n{~% Fksa|kia{~ ahhì`k~ ksn aic n}am~/^npeea ~k}}asa ) ksn a}k axaèamek ì Mo`sa}abai`ba zèce`hk ~ains{a}p

Ai~o{|a Eabk

Ai~o{|a eabk `~ a h}k~o zask} zkseaic ~`s{askc aegij sok }`xk} ng{}~k gh Faoaiac` aic `~ mg{ickc mpeas`s{ck~ =<g=8‐<8‖ sg =<g=?‐<>‖ I aic egij`s{ck~ ?;g>;‐<0‖ sg ?;g>8‐<8‐ K Sok eabk `~ ~`s{askc ? bf azaph}gf Asoaja}o ~{m&c`x`~`gi gh N{ssanb c`~s}`ns Sok zkseaic }knk`xk~ zask} h}gf sok g{shegz gh `s~ nasnofkis~a}ka zo`no `~ faìep noa}ansk}`tkc mp cki{cas`giae oèe~ aic aj}`n{es{}ae eaic Sok zask} ~|}kac `~ amg{s =1=~q bf Sok ekijso gh sok eabk `~ a}g{ic > bf z`so ai axk}ajk z`cso gh 1> bf @s `~ ~`s{askc amgxk >< fksk}~h}gf Fkai ^ka Ekxke

Gink hafg{~ hg} `s~ ias{}ae mka{sp% ai amgck gh ax`ha{ia aic ak~soks`n ~ki~k% sok eabk `~ igz ~{mdknskc sg~èsas`gi% ìhk~sas`gi gh zkkc~ aic nognbìj gh sok fg{so Sok ~g{sok}i |a}s `~ fg~sep ahhknskc mpk{s}g|o`nas`gi zoèk sok nkis}ae |a}s aic ig}sok}i |a}s a}k fk~gs}g|o`n sg k{s}g|o`n ì ias{}k Fg}k soai 1<<h`~oìj hafè`k~ fabk sok`} e`xkeòggc gi sok eabk zask} Sok a}ka k|k}`kink~ a s}g|`nae }aìp ne`fask Sokaxk}ajk aii{ae }aìhaee `~ a}g{ic ?>= ff hg} ea~s 1< pka}~ Fap `~ sok ogssk~s fgiso aic Dai{a}p `~ sokngeck~s fgiso

Gsok} Eabk~

â}a `~ aigsok} ~zkks zask} eabk egnaskc ika} \{}` @s `~ ; bf ì ekijso aic > bf ì m}kacso Baidà `~ aigsok}

~zkks zask} eabk z`so amg{s 1>3 an}k~ gh a}ka egnaskc ì Iaicaibaiai gh N{ssanb c`~s}`ns ika} Mo{maik~za}

S`ba}|a}a âins{a}p

Sok ~`jos gh gik gh sok fg~s ham{eg{~ x`~sa~ gh }`xk} aic hg}k~s% sok âsabg~à jg}jk zok}k sok j}kasFaoaiac` }`xk} n}a~ok~ ì z`so fgi{fkisae hg}nk `~ a igsamek k|k}`kink hg} sok x`~`sg}~



11

H`j{}k >4 Egnas`gi fa|

H` {}k 34 ^ as`ae H}afkzg}b gh G}`~~a



1=

3< CASA [^KC

]kfgsk ~ki~ìj casa

@]^ \8 E@^^ @@@ casa za~ {~kc sg fa| sok zkseaic~ @]^ \8 E@^^ @@@ |}gx`ck casa ì 3 ~|kns}ae maic~2 j}kki%}kc% Ika} @ih}a ]kc /I@]) aic ôg}s Zaxk @ih}a ]kc /^Z@])% z`so => f ~|asàe }k~ge{s`gi aic =3 cap }k|kasnpnek Sok ~|asàe }k~ge{s`gi `~ ~{`samek hg} 14;<%<<< ~naek fa||ìj Sok ~sask gh G}`~~a `~ ngxk}kc ì 10 @]Ê@^^ @@@ ~nkik /H`j{}k ;) Szg&cask casa% gik anq{`}kc c{}ìj Fa}no'Fap aic aigsok} c{}ìj

Gnsgmk}'Igxkfmk} zk}k {~kc sg na|s{}k sok |}k&fgi~ggi aic |g~s&fgi~ggi opc}gegj`nae xa}àmè`sp gh sokzkseaic~ }k~|kns`xkep /Samek&=) H`j{}k 8 ~ogz~ sok gxk}x`kz gh sok ~s{cp a}ka a~ ~kki ì sok E@^^ @@@ HNN gh|g~s& fgi~ggi |}k&fgi~ggi casa }k~|kns`xkep

J}g{ic s}{so casa

]kfgsk ~ki~ìj sknoi`q{k~ }kq{`}k nk}saì afg{is gh h`kec gm~k}xas`gi naeekc ―j}g{ic s}{so‖ ì g}ck} sgngixk}s ìsg fkaiìjh{e ìhg}fas`gi ^{no zg}b ìxgexk~ x`~`sìj a i{fmk} gh sk~s ~`sk~% {~{aeep sabìj sok~askee`sk `fajk~ Sok egnas`gi gh sok hkas{}k~ `~ }kng}ckc {~ìj sok J\^ Sok ~saica}c |}ghg}fa a~ |k} sokIZ@A fai{ae za~ {~kc sg }kng}c sok h`kec casa H`kec |ogsgj}a|o~ a}k ae~g sabki sg }kng}c sok zask} q{ae`sp/~{mdkns`xk)% ~sas{~ gh aq{as`n xkjksas`gi aic zask} ~|}kac Aee h`kec xk}`h`nas`gi zg}b oa~ mkki cgik c{}ìjGnsgmk} aic Igxkfmk} =<<?

Gsok} casa

^{}xkp gh @icà sg|gj}a|o`nae fa|~ /^G@) zk}k {~kc hg} }khk}kink |{}|g~k Eìkajk casa gh Ias`giae ZkseaicFa|~ as 14=;<%<<< ~naek za~ {~kc hg} }khk}kink

H`j{}k ;4 @]^ \8 E@^^&@@@ ngxk}ajk /|aso&}gz) gh G}`~~a



1>

H`j{}k 8 4 @]^ E@^^&@@@ HNN /Gns&Igx =<<8&<: aic A|}&Fap =<<8&<:)

\g~s&fgi~ggi@]^ \8 E@^^&@@@ /1?'1='=<<8)

\}k&fgi~ggi@]^ \8 E@^^&@@@ /<3'<8'=<<:)



13

Samek&=4 âskee`sk casa {~kc

^} Ig ^ki~g} \aso&]gzCask gh anq{`~`s`gi

\g~s&fgi~ggi \}k&fgi~ggi

1 E@^^&@@@ 1<>&;: Igx 13% =<<: A|} :% =<<:

= E@^^&@@@ 1<>&;? Ckn ?% =<<8 Fap =;% =<<:

> E@^^&@@@ 1<>&;0 Ckn ?% =<<8 A|} :% =<<:

3 E@^^&@@@ 1<>&8< Ckn ?% =<<8 Fap =;% =<<:; E@^^&@@@ 1<3&;8 Igx 10% =<<8 Fap ><% =<<:

8 E@^^&@@@ 1<3&;: Igx 10% =<<8 Fap ><% =<<:

: E@^^&@@@ 1<3&;? Igx 10% =<<8 Fap ><% =<<:

? E@^^&@@@ 1<3&;0 Igx 10% =<<8 A|} 1=% =<<:

0 E@^^&@@@ 1<3&8< Igx 10% =<<8 A|} 1=% =<<:

1< E@^^&@@@ 1<;&;8 Ckn 1?% =<<8 A|} 1:% =<<:

11 E@^^&@@@ 1<;&;: Ckn 1?% =<<8 D{i 3% =<<:

1= E@^^&@@@ 1<;&;? Ckn 1?% =<<8 Hkm =?% =<<:

1> E@^^&@@@ 1<;&;0 Ckn 1?% =<<8 A|} 1:% =<<:

13 E@^^&@@@ 1<8&;8 Gns 1=% =<<8 Fa} =0% =<<:

1; E@^^&@@@ 1<8&;: Gns 1=% =<<8 A|} ==% =<<:18 E@^^&@@@ 1<8&;? Gns 1=% =<<8 A|} ==% =<<:

1: E@^^&@@@ 1<8&;0 Gns 1=% =<<8 A|} ==% =<<:

1? E@^^&@@@ 1<:&;: Ckn 3% =<<8 A|} >% =<<:

10 E@^^&@@@ 1<:&;? Ckn 3% =<<8 A|} >% =<<:

;< FKSOGCGEGJP

Sok fksogcgegjp sg n}ask sok ~sask ekxke asea~ gh zkseaic~ `~ acok}kc sg IZ@A sknoi`nae j{`ckeìk~ aic|}gnkc{}k fai{ae /Ja}j aic \aske% =<<:) Sok gxk}x`kz gh sok ~sk|~ {~kc `~ ~ogzi ì H`j{}k : âe`kis

hkas{}k~ gh fksogcgegjp acg|skc a}k

• Jkik}as`gi gh ~|asàe h}afkzg}b ì J@^ kix`}gifkis hg} casama~k n}kas`gi aic g}jai`~as`gi• Jkg&}khk}kinìj gh ~askee`sk casa• @ckis`h`nas`gi gh zkseaic nea~~k~ a~ |k} sok nea~~`h`nas`gi ~p~skf j`xki ì IZ@A Fai{ae aic fa||ìj gh

sok nea~~k~ ~ìj a bigzekcjk ma~kc c`j`sae nea~~`h`nas`gi aic gi~n}kki ìsk}|}ksas`gi• Jkik}as`gi gh ma~k eapk}~ /}aè% }gac ikszg}b% ~kssekfkis~% c}aìajk% acfì`~s}as`xk mg{ica}`k~) h}gf

~askee`sk `fajk aic ainèea}p casa• Fg~a`nìj'kcjk fasnoìj sg n}kask c`~s}`ns aic ~sask ekxke casama~k• Ngcìj gh sok zkseaic~ hgeegzìj sok ~saica}c nea~~`h`nas`gi ~p~skf aic ngc`h`nas`gi a~ |k} IZ@A

fai{ae• \}k|a}as`gi gh fa| ngf|g~`s`gi~ aic jkik}as`gi gh ~sas`~s`n~• G{s|{s~ gi A> ~`tk |}ìs~ aic noa}s~ hg} asea~

Zg}b za~ na}}`kc g{s {~ìj K]CA^ @fajìk% A}n'@ihg aic A}nj`~ ~ghsza}k~



1;

H`j{}k :4 Hegz noa}s gh sok fksogcgegjp {~kc

;)1 N}kas`gi gh ~|asàe h}afkzg}b

So`~ `~ sok fg~s `f|g}sais sa~b a~ sok ~sask hg}f~ a |a}s gh sok ias`giae h}afk zg}b aic ngxk}kc ì f{es`|ekfa| ~okks~ Sg n}kask IZ@A casama~k% II]F^'I]CM ~saica}c~ `~ hgeegzkc aic hg{} ng}ik}~ gh sok14;<%<<< /1;‐ 1;‐) j}`c `~ sabki a~ sok s`n~ g} }kj`~s}as`gi |gìs~ sg n}kask kano fa| sabìj fa~sk} j}`c a~ sok}khk}kink ^|asàe h}afkzg}b cksaè~ a}k j`xki ì IZ@A fai{ae /\aske aic Ja}j% =<<:) Sok ~|asàeh}afkzg}b hg} G}`~~a ~sask `~ ~ogzi ì H`j{}k >

;)= Jkg&}khk}kinìj gh ~askee`sk casa

@i so`~ ~sk| sok }az ~askee`sk `fajk~ zk}k ngixk}skc sg ~|kn`h`n fa| |}gdkns`gi {~ìj jkgfks}`n ng}}kns`giSo`~ `~ cgik {~ìj a}no`xk jkgfks}`naeep ng}}knskc E@^^ @@@ casa /@^]G&I]N&eaic {~k ' eaic ngxk} |}gdkns)

^saica}c `fajk |}gnk~~ìj ~ghsza}k za~ {~kc hg} jkg&}khk}kinìj H`}~s gik cask casa za~ }kj`~sk}kc z`sosok a}no`xk `fajk Sok ~kngic cask casa za~ soki }kj`~sk}kc z`so sok h`}~s cask casa

;)> Fa||ìj gh zkseaic~

Sok ckeìkas`gi gh zkseaic~ so}g{jo `fajk aiaep~`~ hg}f~ sok hg{icas`gi hg} ck}`xìj aee zkseaic nea~~k~ aic}k~{es~ Ngi~kq{kisep% a j}kas ckae gh kf|oa~`~ oa~ mkki |eankc gi sok q{ae`sp gh sok `fajk @isk}|}ksas`gi @isok |}k~kis ~s{cp% sok fa||ìj gh zkseaic~ za~ cgik hgeegzìj c`j`sae nea~~`h`nas`gi aic gi~n}kki x`~{aeìsk}|}ksas`gi Zkseaic~ zk}k `ckis`h`kc ma~kc gi xkjksas`gi% x ~`mek opc}gegjp aic jkgj}a|op Sok}k a}kxa}`g{~ fksogc~ hg} ks}ans`gi gh zask} ìhg}fas`gi h}gf }kfgsk ~ki~ìj `fajk}p% zo`no anng}cìj sg soki{fmk} gh maic~ {~kc% a}k jkik}aeep c`x`ckc ìsg szg naskjg}`k~% `k ^ìjek&maic aic f{es`&maic fksogc~^ìjek&maic fksogc {~{aeep ìxgexk~ nogg~ìj a maic h}gf f{es`&~|kns}ae `fajk sg c`~sìj{`~o zask} h}gf

eaic mp ~{mdkns`xk so}k~ogec xae{k~ @s fap ekac sg gxk}& g} {ick}&k~s`fas`gi gh g|ki zask} a}ka F{es`&maicfksogc sabk~ acxaisajk gh }khekns`xk c`hhk}kink~ gh kano maic @i so`~ |}gdkns% h`xk ìc`nk~ bigzi ì e`sk}as{}ksoas kioaink~ xa}`g{~ zkseaic noa}ansk}`~s`n~ zk}k {~kc /FnHkks}k~% 10?82 _{ Oaiq`{% =<<82 Eana{ ks ae %=<<:2 Sgzi~okic aic D{~s`nk% 10?82 S{nbk} aic ^keek}~% 10?8) a~ j`xki mkegz4

Ekjanp casa^|asàe h}afk zg}b

Gi&~n}kki ìsk}|}ksas`gi'C`j`sae aiaep~`~

Jkg&}khk}kinkc `fajk~

J@^ CASAMA^K/Zkseaic eapk}~% Ma~k eapk}~)

M`gegj`nae/Zkseaic xkjksas`gi)

\op~`nae/Zkseaic sp|k)

J}g{ic s}{so

Fg}|ogfks}`n/Zkseaic kskis)

@]^ \8 E@^^ @@@|}k aic |g~s&fgi~ggi casa

IZ@A Casama~k G}jai`~as`gi/C`~s}`ns% ^sask% Ng{is}p)

Aiaep~`~Asea~k~']k g}s

Ma~k eapk}~/]gac% ^kssekfkis% c}aìajk)

^G@ sg|gj}a|o`n fa|~Acfì Mg{ica}`k~/^sask% C`~s}`ns)

Q{ae`sp Noknb

Ann{}anp A~~k~~fkis'Q{ae`sp Noknb



18

`) Ig}fae`~kc C hhk}kink Zask} @ick /ICZ@) 6 /J}kki&I@]) ' /J}kki " I@])``) Fgc`h`kc Ig}fae`~kc C`hhk}kink Zask} @ick /FICZ@) 6 /J}kki&F@]) ' /J}kki " F@])```) Ig}fae`~kc C`hhk}kink Xkjksas`gi @ick /ICX@) 6 /I@] & ]kc) ' /I@] " ]kc)`x) Ig}fae`~kc C`hhk}kink \gic @ick /IC\@) 6 /F@] „ J}kki ' F@] " J}kki)x) Ig}fae`~kc C`hhk}kink S{}m`c`sp @ick /ICS@) 6 /]kc „ J}kki) ' /]kc " J}kki)

Sok ìc`nk~ zk}k jkik}askc {~ìj ~saica}c `fajk |}gnk~~ìj ~ghsza}k% ~sanbkc a~ eapk}~ /H`j{}k ?) Xa}`g{~ngfmìas`gi~ gh sok ìc`nk~'~|kns}ae maic~ zk}k {~kc sg `ckis`hp sok zkseaic hkas{}k~ a~ ~ogzi ì H`j{}k 0Sok hgeegzìj ìc`nk~ zk}k {~kc hg} xa}`g{~ eapk} ks}ans`gi~4

• Ks}ans`gi gh zkseaic kskis 4FICZ@% IC\@ aic ICX@ `fajk za~ {~kc sg ks}ans sok zkseaic mg{ica}p so}g{jo ~{`samek o`k}a}no`naeso}k~ogec~

• Ks}ans`gi gh g|ki zask} 4FICZ@ za~ {~kc z`so ì sok zkseaic fa~b sg ckeìkask sok zask} aic ig&zask} a}ka~

• Ks}ans`gi gh zkseaic xkjksas`gi 4IC\@ aic ICX@ `fajk za~ {~kc sg jkik}ask sok xkjksas`gi aic ig&xkjksas`gi a}ka~ z`soì a zkseaic

{~ìj a ~{`samek so}k~ogec

• S{}m`c`sp ìhg}fas`gi ks}ans`gi 4ICS@ aic FICZ@ `fajk za~ {~kc sg jkik}ask q{ae`sas`xk s{}m`c`sp ekxke /o`jo% fgck}ask aic egz)ma~kc gi ~`jias{}k ~sas`~s`n~ aic ~saica}c ckxàs`gi~ @i sok Hae~k Ngeg{} Ngf|g~`sk /HNN) sok~kjkik}aeep a||ka} ì c`hhk}kis o{k~ a~ j`xki ì Samek&>

Samek > 4 Q{ae`sas`xk s{}m`c`sp }asìj~

^} Ig Q{ae`sas`xk S{}m`c`sp Ngic`s`giae n}`sk}à O{k gi HNN

1 Egz 9 "1ώ Ca}b me{k'meanb`~o

= Fgck}ask 9 &1ώ sg 56 "1ώ Fkc`{f me{k

> O`jo'Mgssgf }kheknsaink 56 » & 1ώ E`jos me{k'zo`s`~o me{k

;3 Ngixk}~`gi gh sok ngihg}fas`gi ìsg a xknsg} eapk}

Sok ìhg}fas`gi gi zkseaic kskis% g|ki zask} kskis% xkjksas`gi kskis aic s{}m`c`sp ìhg}fas`gi za~ngixk}skc ìsg xknsg} eapk}~ {~ìj }kj`giae j}gzìj |}g|k}s`k~ g} gi&~n}kki c`j`s`~as`gi

;; Jkik}as`gi gh }khk}kink eapk}~

Ma~k eapk}~ e`bk fadg} }aè% }gac ikszg}b% ~kssekfkis~% c}aìajk a}k ìsk}|}kskc h}gf sok n{}}kis `fajk g}sabki h}gf gsok} |}gdkns casa ma~k Sok acfì`~s}as`xk mg{ica}`k~ /c`~s}`ns% ~sask) a}k sabki h}gf sok bigzi}khk}kink casa



1:

H`j{}k ?4 ^sk|~ ì sok ks}ans`gi gh zkseaic ngf|gikis~

;8 Ngcìj aic ass}`m{sk ~nokfk

Hkas{}k ngc`h`nas`gi ~nokfk hg} kxk}p ì|{s kekfkis oa~ mkki zg}bkc g{s bkk|ìj ì x`kz sok ias`giz`ck

acfì`~s}as`xk a~ zkee a~ ias{}ae o`k}a}nop /^sask&c`~s}`ns&sae{ba) z`soì sok hkas{}k nea~~ hg} kano gh sok sokfk

Aee casa kekfkis~ a}k j`xki a {i`q{k iafk'ngck% zo`no a}k ~keh k|eaiasg}p z`so ~og}s hg}f~

;): Fa| ngf|g~`s`gi aic g{s|{s

Fa| ngf|g~`s`gi hg} asea~ oa~ mkki cgik as c`~s}`ns aic ~sask ekxke A ~saica}c ngeg} ~nokfk oa~ mkki {~kc

hg} sok zkseaic nea~~k~ aic gsok} eapk}~ Sok c`j`sae hèk~ a}k fack as 14;<%<<< ~naek Sok oa}c ng|p g{s|{s~

a}k sabki ì A> ~`tk



1?

8< ANN[]ANP A^^K^^FKIS

A ngf|}koki~`xk ann{}anp a~~k~~fkis |}gsgnge oa~ mkki hgeegzkc hg} cksk}fììj sok q{ae`sp gh ìhg}fas`gi

ck}`xkc h}gf }kfgskep ~ki~kc casa Ann{}anp a~~k~~fkis ìxgexk~ cksk}fìas`gi gh sokfas`n /nea~~`h`nas`gi)

a~ zkee a~ egnas`gi ann{}anp @i acc`s`gi J@^ casama~k/~) ngiskis~ oaxk mkki ae~g kxae{askc hg} ann{}anp Sg

ki~{}k sok }keàmè`sp gh zkseaic ~sas{~ casa% sok |}gdkns acok}kc sg k~same`~okc q{ae`sp a~~{}aink aic q{ae`sp

ngis}ge fka~{}k~ hg} casa ngeekns`gi% aiaep~`~% xk}`h`nas`gi aic }k|g}sìj

So`~ ~s{cp {~kc zkee k~same`~okc% s`fk&sk~skc% h{eep cgn{fkiskc casa ngeekns`gi ngixkis`gi~ @s kf|egpkc

~bèekc aic s}aìkc |k}~giike hg} `fajk ìsk}|}ksas`gi% |}gnk~~ìj aic c`j`sae casama~k n}kas`gi Aee ìsk}|}kskc

`fajk}p za~ }kx`kzkc mp sknoi`nae k|k}s skaf hg} ann{}anp aic ngck Sok }kx`kzìj aiaep~s acok}kc sg aee

~saica}c~% q{ae`sp }kq{`}kfkis~ aic sknoi`nae ~|kn`h`nas`gi~ aic }kx`kzkc 1<< |k}nkis gh sok zg}b Sok

xa}`g{~ ~sajk~ gh q{ae`sp noknb ìne{ck4

1 @fajk&@fajk Jkg&}khk}kinìj'Casa jkik}as`gi

= ]khk}kink eapk} |}k|a}as`gi {~ìj IZ@A |g~s fgi~ggi aic |}k&fgi~ggi E@^^&@@@ casa

> Zkseaic fa||ìj {~ìj x ~{ae'c`j`sae ìsk}|}ksas`gi sknoi`q{k~

3 Jkg&casa ma~k n}kas`gi aic g}jai`tas`gi

; G{s|{s |}gc{ns~

8)1 Casa xk}`h`nas`gi aic q{ae`sp a~~{}aink gh g{s|{s c`j`sae casa hèk~

Aee c`j`sae casa hèk~ zk}k ~{mdknskc sg }`jg}g{~ q{ae`sp ngis}ge ì~|kns`gi~ C`j`sae casa xk}`h`nas`gi ìne{ckc

q{ae`sp ngis}ge noknb~ soas acc}k~~kc sok jkg~|asàe ng}}knsik~~% c`j`sae ìskj}`sp aic ~gfk na}sgj}a|o`n

a~|kns~ gh sok casa @f|ekfkisas`gi gh q{ae`sp noknb~ ki~{}kc soas sok casa ngihg}fkc sg sok ~|kn`h`kc

n}`sk}à% so{~ ano`kxìj sok |}gdkns gmdkns`xk~ Sok}k zk}k s}kfkicg{~ acxaisajk~ ì {~ìj ikzk}

sknoigegj`k~ sg ~sg}k aic aiaeptk sok jkgj}a|o`n casa Sok jkg~|asàe aiaep~`~ na|amè`sp m{ès ìsg so`~ ~s{cp

|}gx`ckc a ngf|eksk c`j`sae casama~k sg mkssk} a~~`~s aiaep~`~ gh zkseaic noaijk ìhg}fas`gi Aee c`j`sae casa

hèk~ zk}k ~{mdknskc sg }`jg}g{~ q{ae`sp ngis}ge ì~|kns`gi~ A{sgfaskc noknbìj fgc{ek~ ìng}|g}askc ì sokjkgj}a|o`n ìhg}fas`gi ~p~skf /A}n'J@^) zk}k {~kc sg ng}}kns c`j`sae a}s`hans~ ìne{cìj |gepjgi sg|gegjp

Acc`s`giae n{~sgf`tkc casa ì~|kns`gi~ zk}k fack sg ki~{}k soas sok noaijk~ ìc`naskc as sok `fajk

ìsk}|}ksas`gi ~sajk zk}k |}g|k}ep kkn{skc



10

\a}s gh Noè`ba eajggi

@]^ \8 E@^^&@@@ /|}k&fgi~ggi =<<:)

HNN4 J}kki ]kc I@]

HNN4 J}kki ]kc ^Z@]

HNN gh @ic`nk~4

FICZ@ IC\@ ICX@

[~kh{e hg} ckeìkas`gi gh g|ki zask}aic aq{as`n xkjksas`gi

ώ&ma~kc nea~~`h`kc FICZ@ `fajk{~kh{e ì a~~`jiìj q{ae`sas`xks{}m`c`sp }asìj~

H`j{}k 04 Xa}`g{~ ngfmìas`gi~ gh sok ìc`nk~'~|kns}ae maic~ {~kc sg `ckis`hp zkseaic ngf|gikis~



=<



==



=>

:)< ZKSEAIC^ GH G]@^Â4 FA\^ AIC ^SAS@^S@N^

A}ka k~s`fask~ gh xa}`g{~ zkseaic naskjg}`k~ hg} G}`~~a oaxk mkki na}}`kc g{s {~ìj J@^ eapk}~ gh zkseaicmg{ica}p% zask}&~|}kac% aq{as`n xkjksas`gi aic s{}m`c`sp @i sok ~sask gh G}`~~a 1==88 zkseaic~ oaxk mkkickeìkaskc @i acc`s`gi% 881:3 ~faee zkseaic~ /5 ==; oa) oaxk ae~g mkki c`~nk}ikc Sgsae zkseaic a}ka `~k~s`faskc sg mk 80<0<3 oa /Samek 3) @ieaic zkseaic~ cgfìaskc sok kskis gh zkseaic~ ngi~s`s{sìj amg{s88 |k} nkis H{}sok}% ìeaic ias{}ae aic fai&fack zkseaic~ ~oa}kc a||}g`faskep ~`fèa} kskis~ z`so amg{s>3 aic >= |k} nkis gh a}ka {ick} zkseaic~ G{s gh =3 |k} nkis gh nga~sae zkseaic~% sok ias{}ae anng{iskc hg}

amg{s =< |k} nkis aic sok }k~s > |k} nkis `~ ~oa}kc mp fai&fack zkseaic~

Samek 34 ^{ffa}p ~sas`~s`n~ gh zkseaic~ ì G}`~~aA}ka ì oa

^}) Ig) Zkssngck Naskjg}pI{fmk}

ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka

1 11<< @ieaic Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae >111 =>??8: >3;: ==?:<1 =1?::>

= 1=<< @ieaic Zkseaic~ &Fai&fack :?:1 ==<=<: >1?: 10:=<; 1=83:8

Sgsae & @ieaic 1<0?= 3;0<:3 88)3; 3=;0<8 >3;=30

> =1<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae ;8< 13>0:? =<?3 8<800 ;=>?3

3 ==<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Fai&fack :=3 =18:? >13 =18:: =18::

Sgsae & Nga~sae 1=?3 18;8;8 =>)0? ?=>:8 :3<81

^{m&Sgsae 1==88 8=3:>< 0<)3= ;<?=?= 310>1<

; Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 881:3 881:3 0;? & &

Sgsae :?33< 80<0<3 1<< ;<?=?= 310>1<

Sok fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ a}k ]`xk}'^s}kaf /==>;== oa) ngf|}`~ìj amg{s >= |k} nkis gh kskis zkseaic~/Samek ;) hgeegzkc mp ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk /1?00:= oa)% Saib' \gic~ /=0><1 oa)% Eajggi /?0<=> oa)% @isk}s`caef{cheas~ /=;;13 oa) aic Faij}gxk~ /=>>0; oa) Sok}k a}k ea}jk i{fmk} gh ~faee zkseaic~ /5==; oa)ngis}`m{sìj amg{s 1< |k} niks gh sok knskis {ick} zkseaic~ ì G}`~~a Sok g|ki zask} ~|}kac `~ ;<?=?= oa ì

|g~s&fgi~ggi ngi~s`s{sìj amg{s ?1 |k} nkis gh sok sok zkseaic a}ka @s oa~ }kc{nkc sg 310>1< oa ì|}k&fgi~ggi% zo`no s{}i~ g{s sg mk amg{s 13 |k} nkis Sok }kc{ns`gi ì g|ki zask} ~|}kac `~ x ~`mepgm~k}xkc ì na~k gh ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk% zo`no za~ 1?<=3< oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi oa~ jgs }kc{nkc sg 1<00:; oaì |}k&fgi~ggi ~ka~gi Sok aq{as`n xkjksas`gi za~ gm~k}xkc sg ngi~s`s{sìj amg{s 1< |k} nkis gh zkseaica}ka ì |g~s&fgi~ggi /8=:>> oa) oa~ ~ogzi a ~`ji`h`nais ìn}ka~k c{}ìj |}k&fgi~ggi /13=;?3 oa) soass{}i~ g{s sg mk amg{s => |k} nkis G|ki zask} ko`m`skc cgfìaisep fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp ì mgso ~ka~gi~hgeegzkc mp egz aic o`jo s{}m`c`sp ekxke~ J}a|o`nae c`~s}`m{s`gi gh zkseaic sp|k `~ ~ogzi ì H`j{}k 1<

H`j{}k 1<4 Sp|k&z`~k zkseaic c`~s}`m{s`gi ì G}`~~a



=3

Samek ;4 Sp|k z`~k a}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì G}`~~aA}ka ì oa

^}) Ig) Zkssngck Zkseaic Naskjg}pI{fmk} ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka

11<< @ieaic Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae

1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ 3 :1= <1< >33 ==;

= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ :0 :=? <11 ;>0 ;;?

> 11<> O`jo aes`s{ck zkseaic~ & & & & &

3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ 1>> 0?< <13 :>0 :<;

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc 11;? 1=0=; 1?: 33?: 3>=;

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf 1:>: ==>;== >=>; ===;0= =1=08<

1=<< @ieaic Zkseaic~ &Fai&fack

: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ 1>:0 1?00:= =:;< 1?<=3< 1<00:;

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ 8331 =0><1 3=3 18=0> 1;?=0

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc ;1 0>3 <13 8:= 8:=

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic 1<0?= 3;0<:3 88)3; 3=;0<8 >3;=30

=1<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae

11 =1<1 Eajggi~ : ?0<=> 1=?0 8<800 ;=>?3

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano := 8<38 <?? & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ >1? =;;13 >80 & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ 18> =>>0; >>0 & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &

==<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Fai&fack

1? ==<1 âes |ai~ = 1:=8 <=; 1:=8 1:=8

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ :== 100;= =?0 100;1 100;1

Sgsae & Nga~sae 1=?3 18;8;8 =>)0? ?=>:8 :3<81

^{m&Sgsae 1==88 8=3:>< 0<)3= ;<?=?= 310>1<

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 881:3 881:3 0;? & &

Sgsae :?33< 80<0<3 1<<)<< ;<?=?= 310>1<

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi 8=:>> 13=;?3

A}ka {ick} s{}m`c`sp ekxke~

Egz 118>80 1>?0<8

Fgck}ask >:?11: =83<1:

O`jo 1>:08 18>?:

:)1 C@^S]@NS&Z@^K ZKSEAIC FA\^ AIC ^SAS@^S@N^

Sok ~sask oa~ so`}sp c`~s}`ns~ Gxk}aee% sok zkseaic~ anng{is hg} amg{s 3; |k} nkis gh jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh sok~sask \k}{~ae gh samek 8 }kxkae~ soas \{}` c`~s}`ns }aibkc h`}~s ì sk}f~ gh kskis gh sgsae zkseaic~ /H`j{}k 11)aic g|ki zask} ngf|}`~ìj 13= |k} nkis gh sgsae a}ka {ick} zkseaic~ ì sok ~sask So`~ c`~s}`ns ngf|}`~k~0?<08 oa gh a}ka {ick} zkseaic~ z`so g|ki zask} ~|}kac gh 8;;0> oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi aic ;03=: oa ì|}k&fgi~ggi ~ogzìj a }kc{ns`gi gh amg{s 0 |k} nkis ì g|ki zask} ~|}kac

Gi sok gsok} oaic Jada|as` c`~s}`ns oa~ ~ogzi eka~s a}ka /H`j{}k 11) ngf|}`~ìj >;80 oa gh zkseaic~ z`so=83= oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi aic 1>0? oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi% zo`no s{}i~ g{s sg mk amg{s 3: |k} nkis ì sk}f~ gh

~ka~giae }kc{ns`gi ì sok kskis gh g|ki zask} Cksaèkc anng{is gh zkseaic c`~s}`m{s`gi aegij z`so sok`}a~~k~~fkis ì sk}f~ gh sok`} ~ka~giae g|ki zask} ~|}kac% aq{as`n xkjksas`gi aic s{}m`c`sp ~sas{~ `~ ck~n}`mkcì sok ~{m~kq{kis anng{is Sok zkseaic fa|~ ma~kc gi sok aiaep~`~ gh @]^ \8 E@^^&@@@ casa gh |g~s&fgi~ggia~ zkee a~ |}k&fgi~ggi% aic ng}}k~|gicìj ~askee`sk `fajk a}k ck|`nskc ì sok hgeegzìj anng{is hg} soka||}knàs`gi gh sok {~k}~



=;

Samek&84C`~s}`ns&z`~k ~sas`~s`n~ gh c`~s}`m{s`gi gh zkseaic~

^}Ig

IafkJkgj}a|o`na}ka /bf=)

Zkseaica}ka /oa)

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

+ ghJkgj}a|o`n

a}ka

G|ki zask} /oa)^ka~giae

}kc{ns`gi ìg|ki zask}kskis /+)

\g~s&fgi~ggi

\}k&fgi~ggi

1 Ma}ja}o ;?>= =00=; 3> <= =>8:= 1:31= =8

= Doa}~{j{ca ==<= 3==0: 81 <> >0>0> 1?>:8 ;>

> âfmae|{} 8:<= =8;11 >? <= =>:?8 1:=81 =:

3 Ckmaja}o =:?1 =;<=; >8 <= =>0<< 1;>3> >8

; ^{ica}ja}o 003= =<:=; >< <1 1:>>8 130?0 13

8 Bkic{doa} ?>>8 =1<?0 >1 <1 1813> 1=3;1 =>

: Fap{}moaid 1<31? 108;< =? <1 1=?:8 111<< 13

? Maek~oza} >:<8 10<81 =? <1 1<>?: 1<1<3 >

0 Moac}ab =:?? 10<1: =? <1 0??8 0:1> =

1< Bkic}a|a}a =;38 30=?3 :1 <> =1;18 =131> <11 Dajas~ìjoa|{} 1:;0 =<>?8 >< <1 13:8< 133=? =

1= N{ssanb >01; =8:>? >0 <= =1008 10;0? 11

1> Dad|{} =??; 1;:13 => <1 1<:;0 1<1>= 8

13 Cokibaiae 3;0: 1>88> =< <1 0:>8 ?3:= 1>

1; Ai{j{e 8>3: =?818 31 <= =;;<: =<11= =1

18 Iapaja}o >0;3 01?; 1> <1 88>1 8103 :

1: Bog}coa =??? 133<: =1 <1 8<>< ;133 1;

1? \{}` ><;; 0?<08 13= <8 8;;0> ;03=: 0

10 Jaidaf ?<>> =00=< 3> <= 1???> 18<00 1;

=< Jada|as` ><;8 >;80 <; << =83= 1>0? 3:

=1 Boaicoafae 8<<3 ;?8; <? << ;<;= 3?<= ;

== Ma{co 3=?0 11<11 18 <1 0=<> ?0;< >

=> ^gia|{} ==?3 1=;:8 1? <1 1<?00 1<>>> ;

=3 Maeaij`} 8;;= =<=:8 =0 <1 1>3<: 1=;<> :

=; I{a|aca >3<? 0:0= 13 <1 8?3= 3081 =:

=8 Baeaoaic` ?10: =>==: >3 <= 1:3<? 18<1; ?

=: ]apajaca :;?; ?8:= 1> <1 :<3? 8;1: ?=? Iama}aij|{} ;1>; 1=;<> 1? <1 ?;?? :0=1 ?

=0 Bg}a|{s ?;>3 =8><: >? <= =31=3 10<<: =1

>< Faebaij`}` 811; =::08 3< <= =3=:; 101>< =1

Sgsae 1;>?3; 80<0<3 1<<)< 3); ;<?=?= 310>1< 1?



=8

H`j{}k 114 C`~s}`ns&z`~k zkseaic c`~s}`m{s`gi `i G}`~~a



=:



=?



=0



><

:)1)1 Ma}aja}o

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh sok c ~s}`ns `~ ;?>= ~q bf Ma}aja}o ngf|}`~k~ 08< zkseaic~ anng{isìj hg}

=83<: oa /Samek :) So`~ ìne{ck~ sok ~faee zkseaic~ /5==; oa)% zo`no a}k >;1? @i sk}f~ gh a}ka% sok~k

~faee zkseaic~ ngi~s`s{sk a ~`ji`h`nais h}ans`gi gh sok zkseaic kskis /1= +) a~~{fìj soas kano zkseaic zg{ec

mk gi ai axk}ajk 1 oa ì kskis Sok ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk naskjg}p }aibkc h`}~s ì sk}f~ gh kskis /amg{s ;? +)

ngf|}`~ìj 1:=>? oa gh a}ka hgeegzkc mp ]`xk}'^s}kaf /;0;> oa) aic Saib'\gic /=803 oa) Gsok} naskjg}`k~

e`bk ias{}ae zask}egjjkc a}ka~ />; oa) aic ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ /310 oa) a}k }k|}k~kiskc m{s sgjksok} anng{is~hg} ek~~ soai = |k} nkis gh zkseaic kskis Sok ~ka~giae }kc{ns`gi ì g|ki zask} ~|}kac `~ amg{s =8 |k} nkis%

zo`no `~ gm~k}xkc sg mk =>8:= oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi jgs }kc{nkc sg 1:31= oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi Sok }kc{ns`gi

`~ |}gig{inkc ì ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk naskjg}p z`so 18=?> oa aic 1<10; oa ì |g~s& aic |}k&fgi~ggi ~ka~gi~

}k~|kns`xkep /Samek :) Aq{as`n xkjksas`gi oa~ ~ogzi amg{s > hgec ìn}ka~k h}gf =::: oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi sg

??:0 oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi Fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp `~ cgfìaskc sok g|ki zask} ~|}kac ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~% zo`no

za~ gm~k}xkc sg mk =1831 oa aic 1<;>= oa ì |g~s& aic |}k&fgi~ggi hgeegzkc mp o`jo aic egz s{}m`c`sp

}asìj~Samek :4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Ma}aja}o C`~s}`ns

A}ka ì oa

^}) Ig) Zkssngck Zkseaic Naskjg}pI{fmk}

gh

Zkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &

= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ & & & & &


3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ 3 >; <1= =1 8

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc ?8 310 13< :1 :?

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf 33 ;0;> 10?0 ;0=0 ;::?


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ 180 1:=>? ;:8< 18=?> 1<10;

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ 83= =803 0<< 1>>3 1>=1

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc 1; 8? <=> >3 >3

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic 08< =83<: ??)=3 =>8:= 1:31=


11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &


18 ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

1: ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &

Sgsae & Nga~sae & & & & &

^{m&Sgsae 08< =83<: ??)=3 =>8:= 1:31=

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) >;1? >;1? 11:8 & &

Sgsae 33:? =00=; 1<<)<< =>8:= 1:31=

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi =::: ??:0


Egz 18: =<;:

Fgck}ask =1831 1<;>=O`jo 1?83 3?=>



>1



>=



>>



>3

:)1)= Doa}~{j{ca

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Doa}~{j{ca c`~s}`ns `~ ==<= ~q bf z`so amg{s <> |k} nkis {ick} zkseaic~

Doa}~{j{ca c`~s}`ns ngf|}`~k~ gh 1>=> zkseaic ìne{cìj 083 zkseaic~ ~faeek} soai ==; oa Sok zkseaic

a}ka `~ k~s`faskc sg mk 3==0: oa /Samek ?) ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk naskjg}p `~ ~ìj{ea}ep cgfìais zkseaic sp|k

ngi~s`s{sìj amg{s ?0 |k} nkis gh a}ka />:8=< oa) {ick} zkseaic~ ì sok c`~s}`ns ]`xk}'^s}kaf anng{is~ hg}

amg{s 8 |k} nkis gh zkseaic kskis gnn{|pìj =3<: oa hgeegzkc mp Saib'\gic /11=> oa) Zask}egjjkc

/ias{}ae a~ zkee a~ fai&fack) a}ka~ aic ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ a}k }k|}k~kiskc ì sok c`~s}`ns m{s a}k hg{ic sgì~`ji`h`nais ì sk}f~ gh kskis G|ki zask} ~|}kac oa~ ~ogzi a c}a~s`n }kc{ns`gi /3: +) h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi

/>0>0> oa) sg |}k&fgi~ggi /1?>:8 oa) @s `~ |}gig{inkcep ~kki ì ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk% zok}k ì sok

|g~s&fgi~ggi ~|}kac za~ gm~k}xkc sg mk >810> oa oa~ jgs }kc{nkc sg 1;;3? oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi Aq{as`n

xkjksas`gi oa~ ~ogzi ai kekxki s`fk~ ìn}ka~k h}gf =<;< oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi sg ==:=0 oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi

/Samek ?) G|ki zask} `~ cgfìaskc mp fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~ />?8>8 oa aic 1;>0? oa)

Kskis {ick} mgso egz /1> oa) aic o`jo /:33 oa) s{}m`c`sp {ick} g|ki zask} oa~ ~`ji`h`naisep ìn}ka~kc ì

|}k&fgi~ggi ~ka~gi /1?;1 oa aic 11=: oa)

Samek ?4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Doa}~{j{ca c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^}) Ig) Zkssngck Zkseaic Naskjg}p

I{fmk}

ghzkseaic~

Sgsae

zkseaica}ka

+ gh

zkseaica}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &



3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ 1 > <<1 & &

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc >8 1:8 <3= ?8 ?8

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf =; =3<: ;80 =3<: =<;>


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ => >:8=< ??03 >810> 1;;3?

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ =:> 11=> =88 :<3 8?8

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc 1 3 <<1 > >

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic >;0 31>>> 0:):= >0>0> 1?>:8


11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &

Sgsae & Nga~sae &&

&&

&

^{m&Sgsae >;0 31>>> 0:):= >0>0> 1?>:8

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 083 083 ==? & &

Sgsae 1>=> 3==0: 1<<)<< >0>0> 1?>:8

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi =<;< ==:=0


Egz 1> 1?;1

Fgck}ask >?8>8 1;>0?

O`jo :33 11=:



>;



>8



>:



>?

:)1)> âfmae|{}

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh âfmae|{} c`~s}`ns `~ 8:<= ~q bf z`so ai k~s`faskc Sok zkseaic a}ka `~

k~s`faskc sg mk =8;11 oa /Samek 0) Sok i{fmk} gh zkseaic~ fa||kc a}k ;;8 aic ì acc`s`gi% 1:?0 zkseaic~

~faeek} soai ==; oa oaxk ae~g mkki cksknskc sgsaeeìj sg =>3; Sok fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ a}k

]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk /13;88 oa) ngi~s`s{sìj amg{s ;; |k} nkis gh zkseaic a}ka hgeegzkc mp ]`xk}'^s}kaf

/?<88 oa) aic Saib'\gic /1>?3 oa) A~~{fìj soas sok ~faee zkseaic~ /5==; oa) a}k gi axk}ajk gh 1 oa

kano% sok a}ka /amg{s : +) anng{iskc mp sokf mkngfk~ ~`ji`h`nais ì sok c`~s}`ns A =: |k} nkis }kc{ns`gi gig|ki zask} ~|}kac `~ gm~k}xkc ì sok c`~s}`ns h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /=>:?8 oa) sg |}k&fgi~ggi /1:=81 oa)

Aq{as`n xkjksas`gi oa~ ~ogzi amg{s : hgec ìn}ka~k h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /0;3 oa) sg |}k&fgi~ggi /8?3= oa)

G|ki zask} `~ cgfìaisep fgck}ask gnn{|pìj =101= oa g{s gh =>:?0 oa gh g|ki zask} ì |g~s&fgi~ggi

Egz s{}m`c`sp oa~ igs mkki gm~k}xkc ì |g~s&fgi~ggi m{s 1?:3 oa gh g|ki zask} za~ gm~k}xkc sg mk o`joep

s{}m`c Fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp /1>8:8 oa) ngisì{kc sg cgfìask sok g|ki zask} ì |}k&fgi~ggi ae~g hgeegzkc mp

o`jo /=8<= oa) aic egz /0?> oa)

Samek 04 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì âfmae|{} c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka11<< @ieaic Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae

1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &



3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ & & & & &

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc =; 1;8 <;0 3= 3=

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf ;? ?<88 ><3> ?<3? :311


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ 1>8 13;88 ;303 13=<> ?>><

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ >>= 1>?3 ;== 03> 0=?

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc ; ;;< =<: ;;< ;;<1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic ;;8 =3:== 0>)=; =>:?8 1:=81


11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &


^{m&Sgsae ;;8 =3:== 0>)=; =>:?8 1:=81

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 1:?0 1:?0 8:; & &

Sgsae =>3; =8;11 1<<)<< =>:?8 1:=81

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi 0;3 8?3=


Egz & 0?>

Fgck}ask =101= 1>8:8O`jo 1?:3 =8<=



>0



3<



31



3=

:)1)3 Ckmaja}o

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Ckmaja}o c`~s}`ns `~ =:?1 ~q bf z`so amg{s <= |k} nkis {ick} zkseaic~

Sok c`~s}`ns ngf|}`~k~ 1<>1 zkseaic~ ìne{cìj ?80 5==; oa ~ogzi a~ |gìs hkas{}k~ Sok zkseaic a}ka `~

k~s`faskc sg mk =;<=; oa /Samek 1<) Sok fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ a}k ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk soas anng{is~ hg} amg{s

?; |k} nkis gh zkseaic kskis hgeegzkc mp ]`xk}'^s}kaf /=8?1 oa)% zo`no ngi~s`s{sk~ amg{s 11 |k} nkis gh a}ka

{ick} zkseaic~ G|ki zask} kskis gh zkseaic~ ì sok c`~s}`ns oa~ ~ogzi a ~skk| }kc{ns`gi gh amg{s

>: |k} nkis h}gf =>0<< oa sg 1;>3> oa ì |g~s& aic |}k&fgi~ggi ~ka~gi~ So`~ }kc{ns`gi `~ faìep mkna{~kgh ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk naskjg}p a~ }kxkaekc ì sok Samek 11 S{}m`c`sp a~~k~~fkis na}}`kc g{s hg} g|ki zask} `~

gm~k}xkc sg mk cgfìaskc mp fgck}ask ekxke /10330 oa) ì |g~s&fgi~ggi hgeegzkc mp egz aic o`jo Ogzkxk}%

`s oa~ ~ogzi a }kc{ns`gi sg 8>;; oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi hgeegzkc mp egz aic o`jo

Samek 1<4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Ckmaja}o c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ < < <<< < <= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ < < <<< < <

> 11<> O`jo aes`s{ck zkseaic~ < < <<< < <

3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ < < <<< < <

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc 3 =< <<? 8 8

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf 3= =8?1 1<:1 =8:0 =<?>


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ 8= =1=83 ?30: =1113 1>1;>

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ ;1 1?= <:> 0= 0=

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc > 0 <<3 0 0

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ < < <<< < <

Sgsae & @ieaic 18= =31;8 08);> =>0<< 1;>3>=1<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae

11 =1<1 Eajggi~ < < <<< < <

1= =1<= N}kkb~ < < <<< < <

1> =1<> âic'Mkano < < <<< < <

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ < < <<< < <

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o < < <<< < <

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ < < <<< < <

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ < < <<< < <


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ < < <<< < <

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ < < <<< < <

Sgsae & Nga~sae < < <)<< < <

^{m&Sgsae 18= =31;8 08);> =>0<< 1;>3>

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) ?80 ?80 >3: < <

Sgsae 1<>1 =;<=; 1<<)<< =>0<< 1;>3>

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi =?0 ?=;<


Egz >81= ?:?3

Fgck}ask 10330 8>;;

O`jo ?>0 =<3



3>



33



3;



38

:)1); ^{ica}ja}o

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh ^{ica}ja}o c`~s}`ns `~ 003= ~q bf Sok zkseaic a}ka `~ k~s`faskc sg mk

=<:=; oa /Samek 11)% zo`no ngi~s`s{sk~ amg{s > |k} nkis gh zkseaic kskis ì sok ~sask @ixkisg}p k~s`fask~

sok i{fmk} gh zkseaic~ sg =0==% zo`no ìne{ck~ a fadg} i{fmk} /=3>0) zkseaic~ ~faeek} soai ==; oa Sok

fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ a}k ]`xk}'^s}kaf /1118; oa) ngf|}`~ìj gh amg{s ;3 |k} nkis gh zkseaic kskis hgeegzkc

mp ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk /;?;3 oa)% Saib'\gic~ /1113 oa) Sok ~faee zkseaic~ gnn{|p ~`ji`h`nais a}ka

/amg{s 1= +) Ngf|a}kc sg sok |}knkcìj c`~s}`ns~% ^{ica}ja}o oa~ ~ogzi egzk} ~ka~giae }kc{ns`gi /13 +) ìg|ki zask} kskis @s za~ k~s`faskc sg mk 1:>>8 oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi aic hg{ic sg oaxk }kc{nkc sg 130?0 oa

ì |}k&fgi~ggi Aq{as`n xkjksas`gi oa~ ~ogzi aefg~s =; s`fk~ ìn}ka~k h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /1<<; oa) sg

=30; oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi S{}m`c`sp za~ cgfìaskc mp fgck}ask ekxke hgeegzkc mp egz aic o`jo ì mgso sok

~ka~gi~

Samek 114 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì ^{ica}ja}o c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &



3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ > 1; <<: & &

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc >3 1>? <8: >; >;

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf ;8 1118; ;>?: 1118< 1<><>


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ 133 ;?;3 =?=; ;>0? >01<

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ =38 1113 ;>? :3> :31

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc & & & & &

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic 3?> 1?=?8 ??)=> 1:>>8 130?0=1<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae

11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &


^{m&Sgsae 3?> 1?=?8 ??)=> 1:>>8 130?0

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) =3>0 =3>0 11:: & &

Sgsae =0== =<:=; 1<<)<< 1:>>8 130?0

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi 1<<; =30;


Egz ;;:3 >3:;

Fgck}ask 11=8? 0:;3

O`jo 303 1:8<



3:



3?



30



;<

:)1)8 Bkic{doa}

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Bkic{doa} c`~s}`ns `~ ?>>8 ~q bf Sok c`~s}`ns ngf|}`~k~ gh 38:8 zkseaic~

gnn{|pìj ai k~s`faskc a}ka gh =1<?0 oa So`~ ìne{ck~ 3>0< zkseaic~ ~faeek} soai ==; oa /Samek 1=)

Zkseaic~ gh sok c`~s}`ns ngi~s`s{sk amg{s > |k} nkis gh sgsae zkseaic a}ka ì sok ~sask Sok fadg} zkseaic sp|k~

a}k ]`xk}'^s}kaf /amg{s 30 +) ngf|}`~ìj 1<=<< oa gh a}ka hgeegzkc mp ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk /;830 oa) Sok

~faee zkseaic~ ngi~s`s{sk~ amg{s =1 |k} nkis% zo`no `~ xk}p ~`ji`h`nais G|ki zask} kskis oa~ ~ogzi a

}kc{ns`gi gh amg{s => |k} nkis h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /1813> oa) sg 1=3;1 oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi ~ka~gi Aq{as`nxkjksas`gi oa~ ~ogzi a ~kxki&hgec ìn}ka~k h}gf 3=1 oa sg >13> oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi aic |}k&fgi~ggi

Gxk}aee s{}m`c`sp gh g|ki zask} `~ gm~k}xkc sg mk gh fgck}ask ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~ hgeegzkc mp egz aic o`jo

Ogzkxk}% o`jo s{}m`c`sp oa~ igs mkki gm~k}xkc ì |}k&fgi~ggi

Samek 1=4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Bkic{doa} C`~s}`ns G}`~~aA}ka ì oa


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &



3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ ; :< <>> :< :<

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc => =33 118 181 181

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf 8= 1<=<< 3?>: 1<<>: 0<8?


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ ;? ;830 =8:0 ;3=; =:<0

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ 1>? ;>8 =;3 3;< 33>

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc & & & & &

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic =?8 18800 :0)1? 1813> 1=3;1

=1<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &


^{m&Sgsae =?8 18800 :0)1? 1813> 1=3;1

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 3>0< 3>0< =<?= & &

Sgsae 38:8 =1<?0 1<<)<< 1813> 1=3;1

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi 3=1 >13>


Egz >;18 =3=?

Fgck}ask 11?00 1<<=>

O`jo :=? &



;1



;=



;>



;3

:)1): Fap{}moaid

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Fap{}moaid c`~s}`ns `~ 1<31? ~q bf z`so ai k~s`faskc a}ka {ick} zkseaic gh

108;< oa anng{isìj hg} amg{s > |k} nkis gh sok jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh sok c`~s}`ns /Samek 8) Sok c`~s}`ns

ngf|}`~k~ 8;3? zkseaic~ /Samek 1>)% zo`no ìne{ck 8108 ~faee zkseaic~ gh 5 ==; oa Sok~k ~faee zkseaic~

anng{is hg} a ~`ji`h`nais a}ka {ick} zkseaic~ /amg{s >= +) a~~{fìj soas kano gik zg{ec mk gik gh oknsa}k

a}ka Sok fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ a}k ]`xk}'^s}kaf /:?1= oa) aic ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk /3?11 oa) ngf|}`~ìj

amg{s 3< aic =; |k} nkis }k~|kns`xkep gh sok sgsae zkseaic ì sok c`~s}`ns Kxki sog{jo Saib'\gic a}k ea}jk~sì i{fmk} /1;8 g{s >;=) anng{is~ hg} amg{s giep > |k} nkis ì sk}f~ gh a}ka /;0>8 oa) A}ka {ick} g|ki

zask} /1=?:8 oa) }kfaìkc as 08 |k} nkis gh sok zkseaic kskis ì sok |g~s&fgi~ggi% zo`no oac }kc{nkc sg

111<< oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi z`so a ~ka~giae noaijk gh amg{s 1> |k} nkis Aq{as`n xkjksas`gi oa~ ~ogzi fg}k

soai a hg{}&hgec ìn}ka~k h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /8<> oa) sg |}k&fgi~ggi /=>=> oa) G|ki zask} `~

|}kcgfìaisep fgck}ask ì s{}m`c`sp hgeegzkc mp egz ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~ O`jo s{}m`c`sp `~ ngi~|`n{g{~ep

am~kis ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~

Samek 1>4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Fap{}moaid c`~s}`ns

A}ka ì oa

^})

Ig)Zkssngck Zkseaic Naskjg}p

I{fmk}gh

zkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&

fgi~ggia}ka

\}k&

fgi~ggia}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &

= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ 3 ;; <=? ;; ;;

> 11<> O`jo aes`s{ck zkseaic~ & & <<< & &

3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ > 1< <<; 8 8

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc >; 180 <?8 1;= 1;=

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf :8 :?1= >0:8 :?<? ::;>


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ :: 3?11 =33? 3>;= =8>1

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ 1;8 ;0> ><= 300 300

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc 1 3 <<= 3 3

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic >;= 1>3;3 8?)3: 1=?:8 111<<


11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &


^{m&Sgsae >;= 1>3;3 8?)3: 1=?:8 111<<

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 8108 8108 >1;> & &

Sgsae 8;3? 108;< 1<<)<< 1=?:8 111<<

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi 8<> =>=>


Egz >=:> =>?>

Fgck}ask 08<> ?:1:

O`jo & &



;;



;8



;:



;?

:)1)? Maek~za}

Maek~za} c`~s}`ns oa~ a jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh >?<8 ~q bf z`so amg{s > |k} nkis {ick} zkseaic~ Sok zkseaic

a}ka `~ k~s`faskc sg mk 1;0=> oa /Samek 13) C`~s}`ns ngf|}`~k~ gh >;>8 zkseaic~ ìne{cìj >1>? zkseaic~

~faeek} soai ==; oa Fadg} zkseaic naskjg}`k~ a}k ]`xk}'^s}kaf /8>:; oa) aic @isk}s`cae F{cheas~ /31=8 oa)

anng{isìj hg} amg{s >> aic == |k} nkis gh zkseaic~ gh sok c`~s}`ns Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ ngi~s`s{sk a ~`ji`h`nais

kskis />>08 oa) aegij z`so ~faee zkseaic~ gh 5==;oa /amg{s 18 +) A}ka {ick} aq{as`n xkjksas`gi `~

ì~`ji`h`nais% zo`no ngi~s s{sk 11> oa aic 131 oa ì |g~s& aic |}k&fgi~ggi ~ka~gi~ G|ki zask} ngi~s`s{skcamg{s 8; |k} nkis gh zkseaic a}ka ì |g~s&fgi~ggi /1<>?: oa) aic oa~ ~ogzi a fa}jìae ~ka~giae }kc{ns`gi

ì |}k&fgi~ggi /1<1<3 oa) Fgck}askc s{}m`c`sp `~ |}kxaekis ì g|ki zask} ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~ hgeegzkc mp

egz s{}m`c`sp O`jo s{}m`c`sp oa~ igs mkki ko`m`skc mp sok g|ki zask} ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~

Samek 134 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Maek~za} c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)

Zkssngck Zkseaic Naskjg}pI{fmk}

ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

A}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &

= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ 8 11< <;? 11< 11<


3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ 1> 13: <:: 13: 1>:

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc 10 1>3 <:< 1>< 1><

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf :8 8>:; >>3; 8>81 8118


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ 0 1=3 <8; ?< ;:

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ >3 13? <:? 1>= 1=:

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc 1 >1 <18 >1 >1

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic 1;? :<80 >:)<0 8001 8:<?


11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano 1= 03> 30; & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ >0 31=8 =18; & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ ? >?0 =<3 & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ 1?1 >>08 1:?= >>08 >>08

Sgsae & Nga~sae =3< ??;3 38)3; >>08 >>08

^{m&Sgsae >0? 1;0=> ?>);3 1<>?: 1<1<3

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) >1>? >1>? 1838 & &

Sgsae >;>8 10<81 1<<)<< 1<>?: 1<1<3

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi 11> 131


Egz ?= =103

Fgck}ask 1<><; :01<

O`jo & &



;0



8<



81



8=

:)1)0 Moac}ab

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Moac}ab c`~s}`ns `~ =:?? ~q bf z`so amg{s > |k} nkis a}ka {ick} zkseaic~

Sok zkseaic a}ka `~ k~s`faskc sg mk =:?? oa /Samek 1;) Sok fa||kc zkseaic~ ìne{ck >:< gh sok ~`tk

9 ==; oa aic =<>? soas a}k 5 ==; oa% zo`no oaxk mkki ~ogzi a~ |gìs hkas{}k~ Fadg} zkseaic naskjg}`k~

a}k ]`xk}'^s}kaf /30?0 oa) ngf|}`~ìj gh amg{s =8 |k} nkis hgeegzkc mp Aq{an{es{}k \gic~ /y =3 +)%

@isk}s`cae F{cheas~ /y =< +) aic Faij}gxk~ /y 1; +)Sok ~faee zkseaic /5==; oa) oaxk ~`ji`h`nais

ngis}`m{s`gi ì sk}f~ sok`} kskis /y 11 +) Sok kskis gh g|ki zask} za~ k~s`faskc sg mk 0??8 oa ì|g~s&fgi~ggi aic oa~ igs ~ogzi aip ~`ji`h`nais ~ka~giae }kc{ns`gi Aq{as`n xkjksas`gi anng{iskc hg} a

~faee |k} nkis /y1 +) gh sok zkseaic a}ka aic }kfaìkc {inoaijkc ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~ S{}m`c`sp

|}kcgfìaisep fgck}ask ì |g~s&fgi~ggi /0?;0 oa) a~ zkee a~ ì |}k&fgi~ggi /?1=3 oa) Fa}jìae kskis

/=: oa) za~ gm~k}xkc {ick} o`jo s{}m`c`sp ì |g~s&fgi~ggi z`sog{s aip egz s{}m`c`sp }asìj Gi sok gsok} oaic

|}k&fgi~ggi ~ka~gi oa~ igs ~ogzi o`jo s{}m`c`sp aic ì~skac ngf|}`~kc egz s{}m`c a}ka gh 1;?0 oa

Samek 1;4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Moac}ab c`~s}`ns A}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka

11<< @ieaic Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &

= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ > >< <18 >< ><


3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ = == <1= == ==

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc >; =:? 138 10; 10;

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf 3? 30?0 =8=> 30?0 3?18


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ & & & & &

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ 11 ;1 <=: ;1 ;1

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc 1 := <>? & &

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &Sgsae & @ieaic 1<< ;33= =?)8= ;=?: ;113


11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano > 113 <8< & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ 11 >?:0 =<3< & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ 10 =03; 1;30 & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ =>: 3;00 =31? 3;00 3;00

Sgsae & Nga~sae =:< 11;>: 8<)8: 3;00 3;00

^{m&Sgsae >:< 180:0 ?0)=? 0??8 0:1>

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) =<>? =<>? 1<:= & &

Sgsae =3<? 10<1: 1<<)<< 0??8 0:1>

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi =>0 =>0


Egz & 1;?0

Fgck}ask 0?;0 ?1=3

O`jo =: &



8>



83



8;



88

:)1)1< Bkic}a|a}a

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`n a}ka gh Bkic}a|a}a c`~s}`ns `~ =;38 ~q bf Sok zkseaic a}ka k~s`faskc `~ 30=?3 oa

/Samek 18)% zo`no `~ amg{s : |k} nkis gh sok a}ka {ick} zkseaic~ hg} so`~ c`~s}`ns @i acc`s`gi sg ;=8 zkseaic~

fa||kc ì sok c`~s}`ns% 1<:3 zkseaic~ gh 5 ==; oa oaxk ae~g mkki c`~nk}ikc a~ |gìs hkas{}k Sok fadg}

zkseaic sp|k~ a}k Faij}gxk /10=:: oa) hgeegzkc mp ]`xk}'~s}kaf /1:0>3 oa) ìsk}s`cae F{cheas~ /;=30 oa)

G|ki zask} oa~ ~ogzi a fa}jìae ckn}ka~k ì sok kskis h}gf =1;18 oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi sg =131> oa ì |}k&

fgi~ggi Zoèk sok kskis gh aq{as`n xkjksas`gi }kfaìkc {inoaijkc ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~ /:01 oa) G|kizask} za~ gm~k}xkc sg mk cgfìaskc mp fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~ hgeegzkc mp egz Ogzkxk}%

|}k&fgi~ggi g|ki zask} kskis oa~ igs ko`m`skc o`jo s{}m`c`sp

Samek 184 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Bkic}a|a}a c`~s}`ns A}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &

= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ ? 3: <1< : 8> 11<> O`jo aes`s{ck zkseaic~ & & & & &

3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ = 8 <<1 8 8

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc 8= ;?0 1=< =1; =1;

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf 1<= 1:0>3 >8>0 1:::< 1:88?


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ & & & & &

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ >= 10? <3< 1:< 1:<

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc & & & & &

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic =<8 1?::3 >?)<0 1?18? 1?<8;


11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano =< 1;8= >1: & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ 1<> ;=30 1<8; & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ 1<> 10=:: >011 & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ 03 >>3? 8:0 >>3? >>3?

Sgsae & Nga~sae >=< =03>8 ;0):> >>3? >>3?

^{m&Sgsae ;=8 3?=1< 0:)?= =1;18 =131>

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 1<:3 1<:3 =1? & &

Sgsae 18<< 30=?3 1<<)<< =1;18 =131>

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi :01 :01


Egz ;0?? 8=;:

Fgck}ask 1;;<8 1;1;8

O`jo == &



8:



8?



80



:<

:)1)11 Dajas~ìjo|{}

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Dajas~ìjo|{} c`~s}`ns `~ 1:;0 ~q bf Sok zkseaic a}ka `~ k~s`faskc sg mk

10801 oa @i ~|`sk gh sok |}k~kink gh nga~sae zkseaic~ e`bk @isk}s`cae F{cheas~% Faij}gxk aic Aq{an{es{}k

\gic~ sok ì ìeaic zkseaic~ cgfìaskc ì sk}f~ gh kskis anng{isìj hg} amg{s 8; |k} nkis Fadg} zkseaic

sp|k~ a}k ]`xk}'^s}kaf /1=1;> oa)% @isk}s`cae F{cheas~ /=>3? oa) aic Aq{an{es{}k \gic~ /==;< oa)% zo`no

anng{is hg} amg{s 8< +%1= + aic 11 + }k~|kns`xkep @i acc`s`gi sg >8< zkseaic~ ea}jk} soai ==; oa% sok}k

a}k 80; zkseaic~ sog~k ~faeek} soai ==; oa G|ki zask} kskis gh zkseaic~ oa~ ~ogzi a fa}jìae ckn}ka~kgh >>= oa h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /13:8< oa) sg |}k&fgi~ggi /133=? oa) Aq{as`n xkjksas`gi }kfaìkc

{inoaijkc ì `s~ kskis /?<1 oa) h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi sg |}k&fgi~ggi Fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp cgfìaskc sok g|ki

zask} gh sok zkseaic~ ì so`~ c`~s}`ns ì mgso ~ka~gi~ hgeegzkc mp egz aic o`jo Ogzkxk}% o`jo s{}m`c`sp `~ igs

ko`m`skc mp sok g|ki zask} gh sok zkseaic~

Samek 1:4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Dajas~ìjo|{} c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ < < <<< < <

= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ ? ?> <31 8> 8>


3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ > >: <1? 13 13

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc >? 8>? >1> =?8 =?8

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf 8: 1=1;> ;081 1=<<; 118:>


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ < < <<< < <

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ >: 3=: =<0 13= 13=

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc < < <<< < <

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ < < <<< < <

Sgsae & @ieaic 1;> 1>>>? 8;)3> 1=;1< 1=1:?=1<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae

11 =1<1 Eajggi~ < < <<< < <

1= =1<= N}kkb~ < < <<< < <

1> =1<> âic'Mkano 11 0:1 3:8 < <

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ :> =>3? 11;= < <

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o < < <<< < <

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ >> :?3 >?; < <

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ < < <<< < <


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ < < <<< < <

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ 0< ==;< 11<3 ==;< ==;<

Sgsae & Nga~sae =<: 8>;> >1)18 ==;< ==;<

^{m&Sgsae >8< 10801 08);0 13:8< 133=?

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 80; 80; >31 < <

Sgsae 1<;; =<>?8 1<<)<< 13:8< 133=?

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi ?<1 ?<1


Egz =1=0 >03?

Fgck}ask 1=8=3 1<3?<

O`jo : <



:1



:=



:>



:3

:)1)1= N{ssanb

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh N{ssanb c`~s}`ns `~ >01; ~q bf z`so amg{s 3 |k} nkis gh a}ka {ick} zkseaic~

Sok zkseaic a}ka `~ k~s`faskc sg mk =8:>? oa /Samek 1?) @i acc`s`gi% 13?0 zkseaic~ ~faeek} soai ==; oa

oaxk ae~g mkki c`~nk}ikc ]`xk}'^s}kaf ~ìj{ea}ep cgfìaskc sok kskis gh zkseaic~ ì sok c`~s}`ns z`so amg{s

:: |k} nkis Gsok} fadg} sp|k~ a}k ias{}ae zask}egjjkc a}ka~ /11 +) aic Saib'\gic /> +) Sok ~faee

zkseaic~ a}k ~`ji`h`nais% zo`no ngf|}`~k amg{s 8 |k} nkis G|ki zask} oa~ ~ogzi amg{s 11 |k} nkis ~ka~giae

ckn}ka~k zoèk aq{as`n xkjksas`gi oa~ ìn}ka~kc fa}jìaeep mp amg{s gik |k} nkis Fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp|}gig{inkcep cgfìaskc sok g|ki zask} gh sok zkseaic~ ì so`~ c`~s}`ns ì sok |g~s&fgi~ggi ~ka~gi hgeegzkc

mp egz aic o`jo Sok egz s{}m`c g|ki zask} `~ ea}jk~s ì |}k&fgi~ggi /1<?:< oa) Ogzkxk}% o`jo s{}m`c`sp `~

igs ko`m`skc mp sok g|ki zask} gh sok zkseaic~

Samek 1?4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì N{ssanb c`~s}`ns A}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ > 311 1;3 133 =1= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ 11 01 <>3 ?1 ?1


3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ : >; <1> =; =;

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc 0< =0;? 11<8 ;?= 383

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf :; =<;;: :8?? =<;;: 1?;3<


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ 1: >:: 131 =>< 1<>

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ 13? ?=< ><: >:: >83

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc < < <<< < <

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ < < <<< < <

Sgsae & @ieaic >;1 =;=30 03)3> =1008 10;0?=1<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae

11 =1<1 Eajggi~ < < <<< < <

1= =1<= N}kkb~ < < <<< < <

1> =1<> âic'Mkano < < <<< < <

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ < < <<< < <

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o < < <<< < <

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ < < <<< < <

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ < < <<< < <


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ < < <<< < <

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ < < <<< < <

Sgsae & Nga~sae < < <)<< < <

^{m&Sgsae >;1 =;=30 03)3> =1008 10;0?

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 13?0 13?0 ;;: < <

Sgsae 1?3< =8:>? 1<<)<< =1008 10;0?

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi >=;? >831


Egz 8?< 1<?:<

Fgck}ask =1><8 ?:=?

O`jo 1< <



::



:?

:)1)1> Dad|{}

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Dad|{} c`~s}`ns `~ =??; ~q bf z`so ai k~s`faskc zkseaic a}ka gh 1;:13 oa

/Samek 10) Sok zkseaic a}ka ngf|}`~k~ gh >?< zkseaic~ /9==;oa) aic ì acc`s`gi =180 zkseaic~ ~faeek}

soai ==; oa Sok fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ a}k ]`xk}'^s}kaf /0:=< oa) aic ias{}ae zask}egjjkc a}ka~ /=31=

oa)Sok ~faee zkseaic~ ngi~s`s{sk a ~`ji`h`nais |k} nkis /amg{s 13 +) gh zkseaic~ ì sok c`~s}`ns G|ki zask}

kskis oa~ ~ogzi a ~ka~giae }kc{ns`gi gh 8=: oa h}gf 1<:;0 oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi sg 1<1>= oa ì |}k&

fgi~ggi Amg{s > |k} nkis ìn}ka~k `~ gm~k}xkc ì sok kskis gh aq{as`n xkjksas`gi h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi/=8<: oa) sg =0<< oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi Fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp |}kxaèkc ì g|ki zask} ì |g~s&fgi~ggi z`so 8:;3

oa g{s 1<:;0 oa hgeegzkc mp egz />?>< oa) aic o`jo /1:; oa) Zoèk ì |}k&fgi~ggi sok fgck}askc s{}m`c`sp

/0?:? oa s gh 1<1>= oa gh g|ki zask}) `~ |}kcgfìais aic egz s{}m`c`sp mkìj =;3 oa Ogzkxk}% o`jo s{}m`c`sp

`~ igs gm~k}xkc ì |}k&fgi~ggi

Samek 104 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Dad|{} c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &

= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ ; 88 <3= 81 81


3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ & & & & &

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc 1=: =31= 1;>; >>? >=1

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf 1<< 0:=< 81?8 0;31 0=<:


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ ? >;3 ==; =:= 18=

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ 1>= ?08 ;:< ;=0 >8>

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc : 0: <8= 1? 1?

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic >:0 1>;3; ?8)=< 1<:;0 1<1>==1<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae

11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &


^{m&Sgsae >?< 1>;3; ?8)=< 1<:;0 1<1>=

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) =180 =180 1>?< & &

Sgsae =;30 1;:13 1<<)<< 1<:;0 1<1>=

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi =8<: =0<<


Egz >?>< =;3

Fgck}ask 8:;3 0?:?

O`jo 1:; &



:0



?<



?1



?=

:)1)13 Cokibaiae

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Cokibaiae c`~s}`ns `~ 3;0: ~q bf z`so ai k~s`faskc a}ka {ick} zkseaic~ gh

1>88> oa /Samek =<) Sok a}ka `~ ~kj}kjaskc ì >>83 zkseaic~ z`so =?? mkìj 9 ==; oa zoèk ><:8 mkìj

5==; oa ~ogzi a~ |gìs hkas{}k~ Sok fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ a}k ]`xk}'^s}kaf /::;8 oa) ngf|}`~ìj amg{s ;:

|k} nkis hgeegzkc mp ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk /1:>8 oa) Sok ~faee zkseaic~ /5==; oa) anng{is hg} a ~`ji`h`nais |k}

nkis gh zkseaic~ /amg{s =>) G|ki zask} oa~ ~ogzi a ckn}ka~k gh 1=83 oa h}gf 0:>8 oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi sg

?3:= oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi Aq{as`n xkjksas`gi cg{mekc h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /?;> oa) sg |}k&fgi~ggi /1?:< oa)S{}m`c`sp za~ ea}jkep egz /;=<8 oa) hgeegzkc mp fgck}ask /><>? oa) aic o`jo /130= oa) @i na~k gh |}k&

fgi~ggi% fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp ~ìj{ea}ep cgfìaskc sok g|ki zask} z`so :0:8 oa hgeegzkc mp egz /308 oa)

O`jo s{}m`c`sp za~ igs gm~k}xkc ì |}k&fgi~ggi

Samek =<4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Cokibaiae c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &

= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ 1 1< <<: & &


3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ > =8 <10 & &

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc ? ?1 <;0 8 &

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf =8 ::;8 ;8:: ::;8 :;<0


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ =; 1:>8 1=:1 1;?; 81<

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ ==; 0:? :18 >?0 >;>

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc & & & & &

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic =?? 1<;?: ::)30 0:>8 ?3:=

=1<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &


^{m&Sgsae =?? 1<;?: ::)30 0:>8 ?3:=

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) ><:8 ><:8 ==;1 & &

Sgsae >>83 1>88> 1<<)<< 0:>8 ?3:=

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi ?;> 1?:<


Egz ;=<8 308

Fgck}ask ><>? :0:8

O`jo 130= &



?>



?3



?8

:)1)1; Ai{j{e

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Ai{j{e c`~s}`ns `~ 8>3: ~q bf z`so ai k~s`faskc a}ka {ick} zkseaic~ sg mk

amg{s 3 |k} nkis Sok zkseaic a}ka `~ k~s`faskc sg mk =?818 oa /Samek =1) Sok c`~s}`ns ngf|} ~k~ gh 3=1

zkseaic~ ì acc`s`gi sg =33< zkseaic~ soas 5==; oa Sok fadg} zkseaic naskjg}`k~ a}k ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk

/1>?83 oa) hgeegzkc mp ]`xk}'^s}kaf /1<1:< oa) aic saib'\gic /1?:; oa) Sok ~faee zkseaic~ ngi~s`s{sk

amg{s 0 |k} nkis gh zkseaic~ ì sok c`~s}`ns G|ki zask} oa~ ~ogzi amg{s =< |k} nkis ~ka~giae }kc{ns`gi h}gf

=;;<: oa /|g~s&fgi~ggi) sg =<11= oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi Ai a||}g`faskep k`jos&hgec ìn}ka~k ì aq{as`nxkjksas`gi `~ gm~k}xkc h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /:=< oa) sg |}k&fgi~ggi /;83; oa) S{}m`c`sp gh g|ki zask} za~

gm~k}xkc sg cgfìaskc mp fgck}ask ekxke hgeegzkc mp egz aic o`jo ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~

Samek =14 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Ai{j{e c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &

= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ & & & & &> 11<> O`jo aes`s{ck zkseaic~ & & & & &

3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ 8 :8 <=: := :=

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc =? 101 <8: 0; 1<;

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf ?8 1<1:< >;;3 1<13? 08:0


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ =0 1>?83 3?3; 1>?<8 ?8>:

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ =:= 1?:; 8;; 1>?8 1810

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc & & & & &

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic 3=1 =81:8 01)3: =;;<: =<11=


11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &


^{m&Sgsae 3=1 =81:8 01)3: =;;<: =<11=

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) =33< =33< ?;> & &

Sgsae =?81 =?818 1<<)<< =;;<: =<11=

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi :=< ;83;


Egz :1<? ?<;=

Fgck}ask 1;883 11:;>

O`jo =:>; ><:



?:



?0



01



0=



03

:)1)1: Bog}coa

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Bog}coa c`~s}`ns `~ =??? ~q bf Sok zkseaic a}ka `~ k~s`faskc sg mk 133<: oa

/Samek =>) Ai acc`s`giae 1:0; zkseaic~ ~faeek} soai ==; oa oaxk mkki c`~nk}ikc mk~`ck~ 13: zkseaic~% zo`no

a}k 9==; oa Sok fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ a}k Eajggi /0=88 oa)% zo`no `~ |a}s gh Noè`ba anng{is~ hg} amg{s 83 |k}

nkis gh a}ka Sok gsok} fadg} sp|k~ a}k ]`xk}'^s}kaf /10=0 oa) aic ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk /?>0 oa) Sok ~faee

zkseaic~ ngi~s`s{sk a ~`ji`h`nais |k} nkis /amg{s 1=) gh zkseaic~ ì sok c`~s}`ns G|ki zask} ngi~s`s{kis gh

zkseaic~ oa~ ~ogzi a ~ka~giae }kc{ns`gi gh ??8 oa h}gf 8<>< oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi sg ;133 oa ì |}k&fgi~ggiAq{as`n xkjksas`gi oa~ ~ogzi ai ìn}ka~k gh :<3 oa h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /8;?8 oa) sg

:=0< oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi Fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp />??; oa) `~ gm~k}xkc sg mk gh ea}jk} kskis gh g|ki zask} ì |g~s&

fgi~ggi hgeegzkc mp egz /=13; oa) Zoèk ì na~k gh |}k&fgi~ggi sok egz s{}m`c`sp anng{iskc hg} ea}jk} a}ka

/>13< oa) hgeegzkc mp fgck}ask /=<<3 oa) O`jo s{}m`c`sp za~ igs gm~k}xkc ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~

Samek =>4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Bog}coa c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &

= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ 1 = <<1 = =


3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ 1 3 <<> 3 3

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc 18 11; <?< 38 38

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf ;: 10=0 1>>0 10=0 1:3:


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ 1; ?>0 ;?= 8>> ;30

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ ;> 3== =0> :1 :1

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc & & & & &

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic 13> >>11 ==)0? =8?; =310=1<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae

11 =1<1 Eajggi~ = 0=88 83>= >>1< =80<

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ = >; <=3 >; >;

Sgsae & Nga~sae 3 0><1 83);8 >>3; =:=;

^{m&Sgsae 13: 1=81= ?:);3 8<>< ;133

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 1:0; 1:0; 1=38 & &

Sgsae 103= 133<: 1<<)<< 8<>< ;133

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi 8;?8 :=0<


Egz =13; >13<

Fgck}ask >??; =<<3

O`jo & &



08



0:



00



1<=

:)1)10 Jaidaf

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Jaidaf c`~s}`ns `~ ?<>> ~q bf Sok c`~s}`ns ngf|}`~k~ gh 3:?> zkseaic~ ìne{cìj

3<?? soas a}k ~faeek} soai ==; oa Sgjksok} sokp anng{is hg} =00=<oa gh a}ka /Samek =;)

Sok fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ a}k Eajggi /800? oa) hgeegzkc mp ]`xk}'^s}kaf /81>1 oa) aic ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk

/38?0 oa) Sok ~faee zkseaic~ ngis}`m{sk a ~`ji`h`nais a}ka /amg{s 13 +) sgza}c~ sok ak}àe kskis gh zkseaic~ ì

sok c`~s}`ns G|ki zask} ngf|gikis gh zkseaic~ oa~ ~ogzi amg{s 1; |k} nkis }kc{ns`gi a~ ~ka~giae noaijk h}gf

|g~s&fgi~ggi /1???> oa) sg |}k&fgi~ggi /18<00 oa) Aq{as n xkjksas`gi oa~ ~ogzi ai ìn}ka~k gh amg{s gikaic oaeh s`fk~ h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /3?03 oa) sg :18: oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi G|ki zask} oa~ ko`m`skc ea}jk} a}ka

{ick} fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp hgeegzkc mp egz z`sog{s sok |}k~kink gh o`jo s{}m`c`sp ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~

Samek =;4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Jaidaf c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ 1 ><1 1<1 =<< =<3


3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ 1 1= <<3 & &

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc >0 1<;1 >;1 :3; :>?

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf 1: 81>1 =<30 81>1 ;;:?


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ :> 38?0 1;8: >;<> ><<:

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ ;1; =>0: ?<1 11<: 1<88

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc ; => <<? : :

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic 8;1 138<3 3?)?1 1180> 1<8<<


11 =1<1 Eajggi~ 1 800? =>>0 ;113 >3=>

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano ? ?<: =:< & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ == 1>3: 3;< & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ = 1:=8 ;:: 1:=8 1:=8

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ 11 >;< 11: >;< >;<

Sgsae & Nga~sae 33 11==? >:);> :10< ;300

^{m&Sgsae 80; =;?>= ?8)>3 1???> 18<00

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 3<?? 3<?? 1>88 & &

Sgsae 3:?> =00=< 1<<)<< 1???> 18<00

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi 3?03 :18:


Egz ?3?; 8:>:

Fgck}ask 1<>0? 0>8=

O`jo & &



1<3



1<;



1<:



1<?



1<0



11<

:)1)=1 Baicoafae

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Baicoafae c`~s}`ns `~ 8<<3 ~q bf Sok zkseaic a}ka `~ k~s`faskc sg mk

;?8; oa /Samek =:) Ai acc`s`giae :=8 zkseaic~ ~faeek} soai ==; oa oaxk ae~g mkki c`~nk}ikc mk~`ck~ fa||ìj

gh 11> zkseaic~ 9==; oa Sok fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ a}k ]`xk}'^s}kaf /33;; oa) aic ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk /8=< oa)

Sok ~ka~giae }kc{ns`gi ì sok kskis gh g|ki zask} `~ gm~k}xkc sg fa}jìae /amg{s ; +) h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi sg

|}k&fgi~ggi A hg{}&hgec ìn}ka~k `~ gm~k}xkc ì aq{as`n xkjksas`gi h}gf ?: oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi sg >>: oa ì

|}k&fgi~ggi G|ki zask} `~ cgfìaskc mp fgck}ask ekxke gh s{}m`c`sp ì mgso ~ka~gi~ /388= oa aic 3818 oa)hgeegzkc mp egz s{}m`c`sp Ogzkxk}% o`jo s{}m`c`sp `~ igs gm~k}xkc ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~

Samek =:4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Baicoafae c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &



3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ & & & & &

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc & & & & &

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf 8; 33;; :;08 33;; 33;;


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ >> 8=< 1<;: ;3> =0>

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ 13 81 1<3 ;1 ;1

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc 1 > <<; > >

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic 11> ;1>0 ?:)8= ;<;= 3?<=


11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &


^{m&Sgsae 11> ;1>0 ?:)8= ;<;= 3?<=

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) :=8 :=8 1=>? & &

Sgsae ?>0 ;?8; 1<<)<< ;<;= 3?<=

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi ?: >>:


Egz >0< 1?8

Fgck}ask 388= 3818

O`jo & &



11=



11>



113

:)1)== Mg{co

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Mg{co c`~s}`ns `~ 3=?0 ~q bf z`so ai k~s`faskc a}ka {ick} zkseaic~ sg mk `~

11<11 oa /Samek =?) Mk~`ck~ fa||ìj gh ><0 /9 ==; oa) ai acc`s`giae% 0;? zkseaic~ 5 ==; oa oaxk ae~g mkki

c`~nk}ikc ]`xk}'^s}kaf ~ìj{ea}ep ngf|}`~kc sok fadg}`sp /amg{s :: +) gh kskis gh zkseaic~ Sok gsok} fadg}

zkseaic sp|k~ ì sk}f~ gh a}ka a}k ]k~k}xg`}'ma}}ajk /8;: oa) aic Saib'\gic~ /;80 oa) Gi sok gsok} oaic

~faee zkseaic~ /5==; oa) anng{iskc hg} amg{s 0 |k} nkis gh sok zkseaic a}ka ì sok c`~s} ns Aq{as`n xkjksas`gi

oa~ ~ogzi a fa}jìae ìn}ka~k gh amg{s = |k} nkis h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /?3= oa) sg |}k&fgi~ggi /0?1 oa)G|kizask} `~ cgfìaskc mp fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp hgeegzkc mp egz ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~ O`jo s{}m`c`sp `~ igs gm~k}xkc ì

|g~s&fgi~ggi Ogzkxk}% a ~faee a}ka /;= oa) za~ gm~k}xkc ì |}k&fgi~ggi ~ka~gi

Samek =?4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Mg{co c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &


3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ & & & & &

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc ;? >;3 >=1 11= 1<1

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf >: ?3;? :8?1 ?3;> ?>>0


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ ;= 8;: ;0: ><; 1::

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ 1;? ;80 ;1: >>> >>>

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc 1 3 <<3 & &

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic ><0 1<<;> 01)>< 0=<> ?0;<


11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &


^{m&Sgsae ><0 1<<;> 01)>< 0=<> ?0;<

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 0;? 0;? ?:< & &

Sgsae 1=8: 11<11 1<<)<< 0=<> ?0;<

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi ?3= 0?1


Egz =>3? >030

Fgck}ask 8?;; 3030

O`jo & ;=



11;



118



11:



11?

:)1)=> ^gia|{}

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`n a}ka gh ^gia|{} c`~s}`ns `~ =>>: ~q bf Sok zkseaic a}ka k~s`faskc `~ 1=;:8 oa

/Samek =0) Ai acc`s`giae 1<:1 zkseaic~ ~faeek} soai ==; oa oaxk mkki c`~nk}ikc a~ |gìs hkas{}k~ mk~`ck~

fa||ìj gh 33: zkseaic~ 9==; oa ]`xk}'^s}kaf /???1 oa) ngi~s`s{sìj amg{s :1 |k} nkis oa~ cgfìaskc sok

a}ka {ick} zkseaic~ Sok gsok} fadg} sp|k~ a}k ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk /1=3? oa) aic Saib'\gic /11;= oa)

A fa}jìae ~ka~giae ckn}ka~k gh amg{s ; |k} nkis oa~ mkki gm~k}xkc ì sok kskis gh g|ki zask} h}gf

|g~s&fgi~ggi /1<?00 oa) sg |}k&fgi~ggi /1<>>> oa) Aq{as`n xkjksas`gi oa~ }kj`~sk}kc ai ìn}ka~k gh>;? oa h}gf 811 oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi sg 080 oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi Fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp anng{iskc hg} fadg} |a}s gh

sok g|ki zask} ì mgso |g~s& aic |}k&fgi~ggi /0;>3 oa aic 8<8= oa }k~|kns`xkep) hgeegzkc mp egz aic o`jo

s{}m`c`sp

Samek =04 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì ^gia|{} c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ & & & & &


3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ ; 1; <1= 1; 1;

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc >: =<8 183 1;? 1;?

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf 3> ???1 :<8= ???8 ?8:?


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ :8 1=3? 00= 1<10 8;?

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ =?; 11;= 018 ?1? ?=1

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc 1 > <<= > >

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic 33: 11;<; 01)3? 1<?00 1<>>>=1<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae

11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &


^{m&Sgsae 33: 11;<; 01)3? 1<?00 1<>>>

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 1<:1 1<:1 ?;= & &

Sgsae 1;1? 1=;:8 1<<)<< 1<?00 1<>>>

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi 811 080


Egz 1=:= =::>

Fgck}ask 0;>3 8<8=

O`jo 0> 130?



110



1=<



1=1



1=>



1=3



1=8

:)1)=; I{a|aca

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh I{a|aca c`~s}`ns `~ >3<? ~q bf z`so ai k~s`faskc a}ka gh 0:0= oa /Samek >1)

{ick} zkseaic~ So`~ a}ka ngf|}`~k~ gh =1>< zkseaic~% zo`no ìne{ck 18;> ~faee zkseaic~ /5==; oa) soas oaxk

mkki c`~nk}ikc a~ |gìs hkas{}k~ Sok fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ a}k ]`xk}'^s}kaf />3>1 oa) hgeegzkc mp

]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk /><=8 oa) aic Saib'\gic /1;>3 oa) ^{m~saisàe ~ka~giae }kc{ns`gi /amg{s =: +) `~

gm~k}xkc ì sok g|ki zask} h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /8?3= oa) sg 3081 oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi A szg aic oaeh s`fk~

ìn}ka~k ì aq{as`n xkjksas`gi `~ gm~k}xkc h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /1==: oa) sg |}k&fgi~ggi /><:< oa) G|ki zask}ko`m`skc fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp ì a fadg} kskis ì |g~s&fgi~ggi /3;3: oa) a~ zkee a~ |}k&fgi~ggi /3>>= oa)

hgeegzkc mp egz aic o`jo s{}m`c`sp Ogzkxk}% egz s{}m`c`sp `~ igs gm~k}xkc ì |g~s&fgi~ggi

Samek >14 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì I{a|aca C`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &

= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ ; 10 <10 10 10


3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ & & & & &

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc 1: 1=0 1>= ?< ?<

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf >; >3>1 >;<3 >>8= >>=>


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ =0 ><=8 ><0< =3:3 8>=

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ >01 1;>3 1;8: 0<: 0<:

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc & & & & &

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic 3:: ?1>0 ?>)1= 8?3= 3081


11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &


^{m&Sgsae 3:: ?1>0 ?>)1= 8?3= 3081

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 18;> 18;> 18?? & &

Sgsae =1>< 0:0= 1<<)<< 8?3= 3081

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi 1==: ><:<


Egz ==0; 8<0

Fgck}ask 3;3: 3>>=

O`jo & =<



1=:



1=?



1><

:)1)=8 Baeaoaic`

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`n a}ka gh Baeaoaic` c`~s}`ns `~ ?10: ~q bf z`so amg{s >3 |k} nkis a}ka {ick} zkseaic~ Sok

zkseaic a}ka `~ k~s`faskc sg mk =>==: oa /Samek >=)% zo`no ìne{ck fa||kc zkseaic~ gh 0?1 /9==; oa) aic

~faee zkseaic~ /5==; oa) ~ogzi a~ |gìs hkas{}k~ Sok fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ a}k ]`xk}'^s}kaf /??1< oa)

hgeegzkc mp ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk /::38 oa) aic Saib'\gic /=?=8 oa) Sok ~faee zkseaic~ ngi~s`s{sk a ~`ji`h`nais

|k} nkis /amg{s 13 +) gh zkseaic~ ì sok c`~s}`ns Amg{s ? |k} nkis ckn}ka~k oa~ mkki gm~k}xkc ì g|ki zask}

kskis h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /1:3<? oa) sg |}k&fgi~ggi /18<1; oa) Aq{as`n xkjksas`gi oa~ ~ogzi amg{s 1; |k}nkis ìn}ka~k h}gf =::0 oa ì |g~s&fgi~ggi sg >03> oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi Fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp hg}fkc sok fadg}`sp

ekxke gh s{}m`c`sp |}kxaèìj ì sok g|ki zask} ì sok ~ask hgeegzkc mp egz aic o`jo ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~

Samek >=4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Baeaoaic` c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ < < <<< < <

= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ > 1= <<; 1= 1=> 11<> O`jo aes`s{ck zkseaic~ < < <<< < <

3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ =8 1;? <8? 1>> 1>>

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc :1 >08 1:< :< :3

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf ?< ??1< >:0> ?::1 ?:3>


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ 11; ::38 >>>; :118 ;:??

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ 8?8 =?=8 1=1: 1><8 1=8;

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc < < <<< < <

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ < < <<< < <

Sgsae & @ieaic 0?1 1003? ?;)?? 1:3<? 18<1;


11 =1<1 Eajggi~ < < <<< < <

1= =1<= N}kkb~ < < <<< < <

1> =1<> âic'Mkano < < <<< < <

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ < < <<< < <

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o < < <<< < <

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ < < <<< < <

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ < < <<< < <


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ < < <<< < <

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ < < <<< < <

Sgsae & Nga~sae < < <)<< < <

^{m&Sgsae 0?1 1003? ?;)?? 1:3<? 18<1;

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) >=:0 >=:0 131= < <

Sgsae 3=8< =>==: 1<<)<< 1:3<? 18<1;

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi =::0 >03>


Egz ;<3: ;<01

Fgck}ask 1=1>8 1<?03

O`jo ==; ><



1>1



1>=



1>>



1>3

:)1)=: ]apajaca

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh ]apajaca c`~s}`ns `~ :;?; ~q bf z`so ai k~s`faskc a}ka gh ?8:= oa {ick}

zkseaic~ /Samek >>) Sok}k a}k 13; zkseaic~ /9==; oa) aic ì acc`s`gi% 1=8? zkseaic~ 5==; oa oaxk ae~g mkki

c`~nk}ikc a~ |gìs hkas{}k~ Amg{s :< |k} nkis gh zkseaic a}ka `~ anng{iskc mp ]`xk}'^s}kaf /8<?= oa)

naskjg}p Gsok} fadg} naskjg}p `~ ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk /1<=? oa) Ikxk}sokek~~% sok ~faee zkseaic~ /5==; oa)

ck~k}xk a ~`ji`h`naink gzìj sg sok`} ngis}`m{s`gi gh amg{s 1; |k} nkis gh zkseaic a}ka Sok kskis gh g|ki zask}

oa~ ~ogzi a ~ka~giae ckn}ka~k gh ;>1 oa h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /:<3? oa) sg |}k&fgi~ggi /8;1: oa) Aq{as`nxkjksas`gi oa~ }kj`~sk}kc ai ìn}ka~k gh ==< oa h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi sg |}k&fgi~ggi G|ki zask} `~

gxk}zokefìjep fgck}ask ì s{}m`c`sp ì |g~s&fgi~ggi /88?= oa) a~ zkee a~ |}k&fgi~ggi /8=?= oa) g{s gh :<3?

oa aic 8;1: oa gh g|ki zask} }k~|kns`xkep

Samek >>4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì ]apajaca c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ & & & & &


3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ = 1< <1= 1< 1<

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc 1? 13: 1:< 3 3

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf :< 8<?= :<1> 8<:0 ;:80


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ 1: 1<=? 11?; 03; :=3

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ >: 1>3 1;; 1< 1<

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc 1 > <<> & &

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic 13; :3<3 ?;)>? :<3? 8;1:=1<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae

11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &


^{m&Sgsae 13; :3<3 ?;)>? :<3? 8;1:

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 1=8? 1=8? 138= & &

Sgsae 131> ?8:= 1<<)<< :<3? 8;1:

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi >;3 ;:3


Egz >88 13=

Fgck}ask 88?= 8=?=

O`jo & 0>



1>:



1>0



13=

:)1)=0 Bg}a|{s

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Bg}a|{s c`~s}`ns `~ ?;>3 ~q bf Sok zkseaic a}ka ì sok c`~s}`ns `~ k~s`faskc sg mk

=8><: oa /Samek >;) So`~ ìne{ck 13<3 zkseaic~ 5==; oa c`~nk}ikc a~ |gìs hkas{}k~ aic ==0 zkseaic~ 9==;

oa soas ng{ec mk fa||kc Sok fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ a}k ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk /1??>> oa) anng{isìj hg} amg{s :=

|k} nkis gh zkseaic kskis aic ]`xk}'^s}kaf /30<? oa) G|ki zask} }kj`~sk}kc amg{s =1 |k} nkis ~ka~giae

ckneìk h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /=31=3 oa) sg |}k&fgi~ggi /10<<: oa) Gi sok gsok} oaic sok aq{as`n xkjksas`gi

oa~ }kj`~sk}kc ika}ep ski&hgec ìn}ka~k h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /;0: oa) sg ;:1; oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi Fgck}asks{}m`c`sp anng{iskc hg} fadg}`sp kskis gh g|ki zask} ì mgso sok ~ka~gi~ hgeegzkc mp egz aic o`jo ekxke~ gh

s{}m`c`sp

Samek >;4 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Bg}a|{s c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &

= 11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s&ghh fkaick}~ 11 ?> <>= 11 >1> 11<> O`jo aes`s{ck zkseaic~ & & & & &

3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ 8 >0 <1; 8 8

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc =? 1?1 <80 38 ;8

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf 1<1 30<? 1?88 30<? 30<?


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ =8 1??>> :1;0 1??== 1>0<1

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ ;; ?31 >=< >>1 1<;

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc = 1? <<: & &

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic ==0 =30<> 03)88 =31=3 10<<:


11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &


^{m&Sgsae ==0 =30<> 03)88 =31=3 10<<:

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) 13<3 13<3 ;>3 & &

Sgsae 18>> =8><: 1<<)<< =31=3 10<<:

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi ;0: ;:1;


Egz 3;:3 >08>

Fgck}ask 10<<; 13=;8

O`jo ;3; :??



13>



133



13;



138

:)1)>< Faebaij`}`

Sok sgsae jkgj}a|o`nae a}ka gh Faebaij`}` c`~s}`ns `~ 811; ~q bf Sok zkseaic a}ka ì so`~ c`~s}`ns `~ k~s`faskc sg

mk =::08 oa /Samek >8) Ai acc`s`giae =:>; zkseaic~ 5==; oa oaxk mkki c`~nk}ikc a~ |gìsp hkas{}k~ mk~`ck~

==1 zkseaic~ 9==; oa soas oaxk mkki fa||kc Sok fadg} zkseaic sp|k~ a}k ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk /1?8?0 oa) aic

]`xk}'^s}kaf /;:;< oa) Sok ~faee zkseaic~ ngi~s`s{sk amg{s 1< |k} nkis gh a}ka {ick} zkseaic~ ì sok c`~s}`ns

Ai kskis gh ;13; oa gh g|ki zask} za~ hg{ic ckneìkc a~ ~ka~giae }kc{ns`gi h}gf |g~s&fgi~ggi /=3=:; oa) sg

|}k&fgi~ggi /101>< oa) Gi sok gsok} oaic sok kskis gh aq{as`n xkjksas`gi oa~ ìn}ka~kc mp 8 s`fk~ h}gf|g~s&fgi~ggi /03< oa) sg 8<<; oa ì |}k&fgi~ggi Egz s{}m`c kskis za~ igs gm~k}xkc ì |g~s&fgi~ggi m{s

fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp ~ìj{ea}ep cgfìaskc sok g|ki zask} ì |g~s&fgi~ggi /=>>08 oa) hgeegzkc mp o`jo /?:0 oa)

Fgck}ask s{}m`c`sp ngisì{kc sg anng{is hg} ea}jk kskis /13:?0 oa) hgeegzkc mp egz />381 oa) aic o`jo /??< oa)

ì |}k&fgi~ggi ~ka~gi

Samek >84 A}ka k~s`fask~ gh zkseaic~ ì Faebaij`}` c`~s}`nsA}ka ì oa

^})Ig)


ghzkseaic~

Sgsaezkseaic

a}ka

+ ghzkseaic

a}ka

G|ki Zask}

\g~s&fgi~ggi

a}ka

\}k&fgi~ggi

a}ka


1 11<1 Eabk~'\gic~ & & & & &



3 11<3 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic~ > 1> <<; & &

; 11<; Zask}egjjkc =0 1=8 <3; 1> 1>

8 11<8 ]`xk}'^s}kaf >= ;:;< =<80 ;:;< ;8?;


: 1=<1 ]k~k}xg`}~'Ma}}ajk~ >1 1?8?0 8:=3 1?>3< 1>=8<

? 1=<= Saib~'\gic~ 1=8 3?> 1:3 1:= 1:=

0 1=<> Zask}egjjkc & & & & &

1< 1=<3 âes |ai~ & & & & &

Sgsae & @ieaic ==1 =;<81 0<)18 =3=:; 101><=1<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~ & Ias{}ae

11 =1<1 Eajggi~ & & & & &

1= =1<= N}kkb~ & & & & &

1> =1<> âic'Mkano & & & & &

13 =1<3 @isk}s`cae f{c heas~ & & & & &

1; =1<; âes Fa}~o & & & & &

18 =1<8 Faij}gxk~ & & & & &

1: =1<: Ng}ae ]kkh~ & & & & &


1? ==<1 âes |ai~ & & & & &

10 ==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ & & & & &


^{m&Sgsae ==1 =;<81 0<)18 =3=:; 101><

Zkseaic~ /5==; oa) =:>; =:>; 0?3 & &

Sgsae =0;8 =::08 1<<)<< =3=:; 101><

A}ka {ick} Aq{as`n Xkjksas`gi 03< 8<<;


Egz & >381

Fgck}ask =>>08 13:?0

O`jo ?:0 ??<



13?



130



1;<



1;1

FADG] ZKSEAIC SP\K^



1;=



1;3

^} Ig Ck~n}`|s`gi H`kec \ogsgj}a|o

1 Zkseaic sp|k4 âic'Mkano

Egnas`gi4 Maea~g}k C`~s}`ns

Egij`s{ck4 ?:¼ <>* =<- K

Eas`s{ck4 =1¼ =:* >0- I

= Zkseaic sp|k4 âic'Mkano

Egnas`gi4 Jaidaf C`~s}`ns

Egij`s{ck4 ?3¼

;?* 3<- K

Eas`s{ck4 10¼ 1?* 3>- I

> Zkseaic sp|k4 ]`xk} /M}aofì` ]`xk})

Egnas`gi4 Ai{j{e C`~s}`ns

Egij`s{ck4 ?;¼ <=* 1:- K

Eas`s{ck4 =1¼ 1;* =:- I

3 Zkseaic sp|k4 âes \ai~

Egnas`gi4 O{fa% Jaidaf C`~s}`ns

Egij`s{ck4 ?;¼ <3* =8- K

Eas`s{ck4 10¼ =3* ;1- I

\eask =a4 H`kec |ogsgj}a|o~ aic j}g{ic s}{so casa gh c`hhk}kis zkseaic sp|k~ ì G}`~~a



1;:

1> Zkseaic sp|k4 Faij}gxk

Egnas`gi4 Mo`sa}ba}i`ba ains{a}p

Egij`s{ck4 ?8¼ <;* =?- K

Eas`s{ck4 =<¼

31* <>- I

13 Zkseaic sp|k4 Faij}gxk /ôgzìj}k~|`}asg}p }ggs~)

Egnas`gi4 Mo`sa}ba}i`ba ains{a}p

Egij`s{ck4 ?8¼ ;=* <=- K

Eas`s{ck4 =<¼ 3=* ;;- I

1; Zkseaic sp|k4 Faij}gxk /J{|s` n}kkb)

Egnas`gi4 Bkic}a|a}a C`~s}`ns

Egij`s{ck4 ?8¼ 33* ==- K

Eas`s{ck4 =<¼ ==* 1>- I

18 Zkseaic sp|k4 N}kkb

Egij`s{ck4 ?8¼ 38* 10- K

Eas`s{ck4 =<¼ <?* 1?- I

\eask =c4 H`kec |ogsgj}a|o~ aic j}g{ic s}{so casa gh c`hhk}kis zkseaic sp|k~ ì G}`~~a



1;0

@F\G]SAIS ZKSEAIC^ GH G]@^^A



181

0< @F\G]SAIS ZKSEAIC^ GH G]@^Â

Ai~o{|a eabk% âsbg~oà Jg}jk âins{a}p% O`}ab{c }k~k}xg`}% Noè`ba eajggi aic Mo`sa}bai`ba faij}gxk~

/zèce`hk ~ains{a}p) a}k fg~s `f|g}sais zkseaic a}ka~ gh G}`~~a ~sask Kski~`xk h`kec zg}b za~ na}}`kc g{s hg}

sok~k zkseaic a}ka~ Zkseaic fa|~ oaxk mkki |}k|a}kc hg} ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh kano zkseaic ~`sk~ Cksaè~ gh

kano zkseaic aic zkseaic fa| gh ; bf m{hhk} a}ka a}k ~ogzi ì |eask~ >&=<



18>

\eask 34 Zkseaic fa| & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh Ai~o{|a Eabk



183



188

0= âsbg~oà Jg}jk âins{a}p

Iafk4 âsbg~oà Jg}jk ains{a}p

Egnas`gi4 ?3¼3:*38- & ?3¼;1*=1-

=<¼><*1=- & =<¼>;*==-

Zkseaic Sp|k4 ]`xk} /Jg}jk) & Faoaiac`

A ~s}ksno gh == bf gh Faoaiac` }`xk} ì sok âsbg~oà Jg}jk

mkszkki S`bk}|a}a aic Ma}f{e oa~ mkki cknea}kc a~ ~ains{a}p ì

10:8 sg |}gskns aic ngi~k}xk sok kicaijk}kc Joa}àe

/Jaxàe`~ jaijks`n{~ ) Sok a}ka gh sok ~ains{a}p `~ k~s`faskc sg mk

:0%;;= oa Sok }`xk} `~ xk}p ~egz&hegzìj hg} f{no |a}s gh sok pka}

a~ kx`ckis h}gf sok ~askee`sk casa gh mgso |g~s&fgi~ggi a~ zkee a~

|}k&fgi~ggi ^kxk}ae ~aic ma}~ aic j}axke mkc~ a}k k|g~kc as

egz zask} ekxke~% zo`no hg}f ~`sk~ hg} sok Joa}àe

Sok ea~s zèc oasnoeìj~ zk}k gm~k}xkc ì 10:3 Sg }k~sg}k sok

|g|{eas`gi% na|s`xk&}ka}kc ìc`x`c{ae~ a}k mkìj }keka~kc sg

a{jfkis sok xk~s`jàe |g|{eas`gi Amg{s 1<: zk}k }k|g}skc sg oaxk

mkki }keka~kc c{}ìj 10:: sg 10?< Sok}k oa~ mkki a

ngi~`ck}amek afg{is gh }k~ka}no nkisk}kc a}g{ic sok Joa}àe

|}gdkns

\eask 84 âsbg~oà Jg}jk âins{a}p

@]^ \8 E@^^&@@@ HNN /1?'1='=<<8)

HNN GH @IC@NK^ /1?'1='=<<8)

@]^ \8 E@^^&@@@ HNN /=?'<='=<<:)

HNN GH @IC@NK^ /=?'<='=<<:)

J ] I@]

FICZ@ IC\@ ICX@

J ] I@]

FICZ@ IC\@ ICX@



18:

\eask :4 Zkseaic fa| & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh âsbg~oà Jg}jk âins{a}p



18?



180

\eask ?4 @]^ \8 E@^^&@@@ `fajk & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh âsbg~oà Jg}jk âins{a}p



1:<

0> O`}ab{c ]k~k}xg`}

Iafk4 O`}ab{c ]k~k}xg`}

Egnas`gi4 ?>¼ ==* 3;- & ?>¼ =8* 18- K

=1¼ ;<* 1<- & =1¼ 38* ;3- I

Zkseaic sp|k4 ]k~k}xg`}'Ma}}ajk

Axk}ajk aii{ae }aìhaee4 1;< nf

A}ka4 8;<:> oa

@s `~ sok zg}ec‐~ egijk~s faì ~s}kaf caf oaxìj aekijso gh 3?<< f Sok e`xk na|an`sp as H{ee ]k~k}xg`}Ekxke /H]E) `~ ;>:? mèe`gi n{m`n fksk} @s c}aì~ aia}ka gh 131 8<< ~q bf gh zo`no 38;+ e`k ì G}`~~a@s `~ a f{es`&|{}|g~k caf fkais hg} `}}`jas`gi% heggcngis}ge aic |gzk} jkik}as`gi @s `}}`jask~ a}g{ic=83==? oa gh eaic Sok |gzk} ì~saeekc `~ =:<FZ

Zask} skf|k}as{}k xa}`k~ h}gf =1¼N sg ><¼N aic |Oxae{k~ }aijk h}gf :> sg ?;

\opsg|eaibsgi ìne{ck >0 }kng}ckc ~|kn`k~ aictgg|eaibsgi ngi~`~s~ gh 1< ~|kn`k~ mkegijìj sg]gs`hk}a% Neacgnk}a% Ng|k|gca

\eask „ 0 4 4 O`}ab{c ]k~k}xg`}

@]^ \8 E@^^&@@@ HNN /10'11'=<<8)

HNN GH @IC@NK^ /10'11'=<<8)

@]^ \8 E@^^&@@@ HNN /><'<;'=<<:)

HNN GH @IC@NK^ /><'<;'=<<:)

J ] I@]

FICZ@ IC\@ ICX@

J ] I@]

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1:=



1:>

\eask 114 @]^ \8 E@^^&@@@ `fajk & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh O`}ab{c ]k~k}xg`}



1:3

03 Noè`ba Eajggi

Iafk4 Noè`ba

Egnas`gi4 ?;¼<3*13- & ?;¼30*1>- K

10¼=8*>1- & =<¼<;*>;- I

Zkseaic Sp|k4 Eajggi

A}ka4 ?0<=> oa

Noè`ba eajggi `~ ~`s{askc ì \{}` aic Jaidaf c`~s}`ns~ gh G}`~~a gi ka~s

nga~s Noè`ba `~ sok ea}jk~s m}anb`~o&zask} eajggi ì @icà aic |k}oa|~

sok ~kngic ea}jk~s ì sok zg}ec @s za~ cknea}kc a~ a ~ains{a}p ì 10:>

aic eassk} ck~`jiaskc a~ Zkseaic gh @isk}ias`giae @f|g}saink {ick}

]af~a} Ngixkis`gi ì 10?1

Sok eajggi k|k}`kink~ a sp|`nae s}g|`nae fgi~ggi ne`fask z`so

skf|k}as{}k~ }aijìj h}gf 1:;¼N sg >=;¼N Sok xa}às`gi ì ~aeì`sp

mkszkki <1 sg >8 + Sok |O xa}`k~ mkszkki 8? sg 0: Sok Moa}jax`

aic Capa }`xk}~ ì sok ig}so a}k sok faì mk~`ck~ gsok} k`jos }`xk}~ soas

m}ìj ì ai k~s`faskc >:;%<<< n{~kn~ gh fgi~ggi h}k~o zask} ì sg sok

eajggi Sok aii{ae ~kc`fkis egac c{k so`~ ìhegz zask} `~ k~s`faskc sg

mk amg{s 1> Ffs Sok eabk `~ ngiiknskc sg sok Map gh Mkijae mp

noaiike so}g{jo a ~aic }`cjk ì sok

ig}so&ka~s

Heg}a4 == ~|kn`k~ aejak%1;< ~|kn`k~ gh xa~n{ea} |eais~ a}k }kng}ckc ì

sok eajggi Sok cgfìais kfk}jkis |eais~ a}k \}ajf`sk~ ba}ba % Sp|oa

aij{~sasa % Np|k}{~ ~| aic Baèìja s}`nk|~ ^{mfk}jkc xkjksas`gi `~

cgfìaskc mp Kisk}gfg}|oa ~| % J}anèea}à ~| % Neacg|og}a ~| %

\gep~`|ogià ~| % Iada~ ~| % Noa}a ~| % Opc}èea ~| aic \gsgfajksgi

~|

Ha{ia4 @s oa~ =8: ~|kn`k~ gh h`~ok~% >; ~|kn`k~ gh n}am~ aic =0

~|kn`k~ gh ~o}`f| aic |}azi~ Ika}ep ==; m`}c ~|kn`k~ ì sok |kab

zìsk} ~ka~gi Sok eajggi og~s~ gxk} gik fèe`gi f`j}asg}p m`}c~ z`sohegnb~ gh c{nb~ /Aiasìak)% Jkk~k /Ai~k}ìak)% Heafìjg~

/\ogki`ng|sk}{~ ~| )% \ke`nai /\keknai{~ ~|))% \egxk} /Noa}ac}`{~ ~|))%

J{ee~ /Ea}{~ ~|)) aic Sk}i~ /^sk}ia ~|)) @s `~ ogfk sg ~kxki ~|kn`k~

gh af|o`mài~ faìep h}gj~ aic sgac~ @s ae~g hg}f~ a oam`sas sg =3

~|kn`k~ gh }k|sèk~ ngf|}`~ìj ~ghs&~okeekc s{}sek~% e`ta}c~% ~ibak~ @s

~okesk}~ sok ea}jk~s |g|{eas`gi /1;?) gh kicaijk}kc @}}azaccp cge|oì

So}kas~4 ^kc`fkis egac% |}ge`hk}as`gi gh kfk}jkis xkjksas`gi% |gee{s`gi

h}gf cgfk~s`n aic ìc{~s}àe za~sk

\eask „ 1=4 Noè`ba Eajggi

@]^ \8 E@^^&@@@ HNN /1='1<'=<<8)

HNN GH @IC@NK^ /1='1<'=<<8)

J ] I@]

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1:;

\eask 1>4 Zkseaic fa| & ; bf m{hhk} a}ka gh No`e`ba eajggi



1:8



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08 Baidà Zkseaic

Iafk4 Baidà Zkseaic

Zkseaic Sp|k4 ]`xk}ìk zkseaic /^zfa|)

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@s `~ egnaskc ì~`ck sok tggegj`nae aic mgsai`nae |a}b Iaicaibaiai s`jk}

}k~k}xk Sok ck|so xa}`k~ mkszkki =; sg 3 f Sok zkseaic g|ki~ ìsg heas

ckesa`n |eaì gh \}ano` }`xk} zo`no k`~skc ì sok |a~s

Heg}a4 Sok ckk| zask} oam`sas oa}mg{}~ hkz ~|kn`k~ e`bk

Nk}asg|opee{f ckfk}~{f% Opc}èea xk}s`nkeeasa% Iada~ hgxkgeasa aic

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Ike{fmg i{n`hk}a% S}a|a iasai~ Sok h}kk hegasìj ~|kn`k~ a}k

âexìka n{n{eeasa% \`~sà ~s}as`gsk~% Knoog}ià n}a~~|k~ Sok kfk}jkis

|eais~ soas a}k ~kki ì ~oaeegz zask} a}k ^n`}|{~ a}s`n{easa% ^) j}g~~{~%

Sp|oa aij{~sasa% Np|k}{~ |ea~spee`~% \ai`{f }k|ki~ Sok }ggskc

~{mfk}jkc |aeis~ ìne{ck [s}`n{ea}à ìheka% Fp}`g|opee{f sks}ac}{f%

E`fig|opeà ìc`na Sok ~og}keìk `~ cgfìaskc mp Opj}g}pta a}`~sasa

Fa}~oeaic a}g{ic sok zkseaic oa~ sok |}k~kink gh E{c{}`jà ac~nkicki~%

Ackig~skffa eaxkià% ^k~maià daxai`na% Sp|opa aij{~sasa%

Ak~nopigfkik a~|k}a

Ha{ia4 Ha{ia ìne{ck 3< ~|kn`k~ gh }`xk}ìk h`~o% 1= ~|kn`k~ gh h}gj aic =1

~|kn`k~ gh m`}c~

@s ass}ans~ a xk}p ea}jk i{fmk} gh sg{}`~s~ /amg{s 1: fèe`gi) aii{aeep c{k sg

`s~ |}g`f`sp sg Iacaibaiai Ias`giae \a}b

So}kas~4 âexìà n{n{eeasa ngxk}~ sok kis`}k zkseaic z`soì xk}p ~og}s s`fk

c{}ìj sok |g~s&fgi~ggi% zo`no za}}ais~ }kj{ea} ckzkkcìj

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13 FnHkksk}~% B 1008 Sok {~k gh Ig}fae`~kc C`hhk}kink Zask} @ick /ICZ@) ì sok ckeìkas`gi ghg|ki zask} hkas{}k~ @isk}ias`giae Dg{}iae gh }kfgsk ^ki~ìj % :% || 13=;&13>=

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gh sok @^\]^ Ngff`~~`gi X@@ ^pf|g~`{f gi ]k~g{}nk aic Kix`}gifkisae Fgi`sg}ìj% @A\]^ (

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Dg{}iae gh ]kfgsk ^ki~ìj% :% || 1>0;&1318

=; _{ Oaiq`{% =<<8 Fgc`h`nas`gi gh ig}fae`~kc c`hhk}kink zask} ìck /ICZ@) sg kioaink g|ki zask}

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Aiik{}k @Ckhì`s`gi~ gh zkseaic naskjg}`k~ {~kc ì sok |}gdkns

Hg} ka~k gh {ick}~saicìj% ckhì`s`gi~ gh zkseaic naskjg}`k~ aic sok`} sp|`nae a||ka}aink gi ~askee`sk `fajk}p `~ j`xkimkegz4

Zkseaic

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Ckhì`s`gi aic ck~n}`|s`gi

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11<< Ias{}ae

11<1 Eabk~4 Ea}jk} mgc`k~ gh ~saicìj zask} gnn{|pìj c`~sìns ma~i~ /]k`c ks ae % 10:8) Sok~k zkseaic~gnn{} ì ias{}ae ck|}k~~`gi~ aic ig}faeep hkc mp ~s}kaf~'}`xk}~ Gi ~askee`sk `fajk~ eabk~ a||ka} ìc`hhk}kis o{k~ gh me{k ìsk}~|k}~kc z`so |ìb /aq{as`n xkjksas`gi)% `~eaic~ /zo`sk `h {ixkjksaskc% }kc ìna~k gh sk}}k~s}àe xkjksas`gi) Xkjksas`gi `h ~nassk}kc fabk sks{}k }g{jo

11<= G&mgz eabk~' N{s ghh fkaick}~4 A fkaick}ìj ~s}kaf fap k}gck sok g{s~`ck ~og}k~ gh `s~ m}gacmkic~% aic ì s`fk sok egg|~ fap mkngfk n{s&ghh% ekaxìj ma~ì~ Sok }k~{esìj ~oaeegz n}k~nkis&~oa|kc eabk~ a}k naeekc gmgz eabk~ /]k`c ks ae % 10:8) Gi sok ~askee`sk `fajk G&mgz eabk~ gnn{}ika} sok }`xk}~ ì |eaì a}ka~ ^gfk |a}s gh sok eabk ig}faeep oa~ aq{as`n xkjksas`gi /}kc'|ìb ìngeg{}) c{}ìj |}k&fgi~ggi ~ka~gi

11<> O`jo Aes`s{ck eabk~4 Sok~k eabk~ gnn{} ì sok O`faeapai }kj`gi Eaic~na|k~ a}g{ic o`jo eabk~ a}k

noa}ansk}`tkc mp oèep sg|gj}a|op Gsok}z`~k sokp }k~kfmek eabk~ ì sok |eaì a}ka~ Hg} bkk|ìj{i`hg}f`sp ì sok ckeìkas`gi gh sok~k eabk~ ngisg{} eìk gh ><<< f amgxk f~e zèe mk sabki a~}khk}kink aic aee eabk~ amgxk so`~ ngisg{} eìk zèe mk nea~~`h`kc a~ o`jo aes`s{ck eabk~

11<3 ]`xk}ìk Zkseaic~4 Aegij sok fadg} }`xk}~% k~|knàeep ì |eaì~ zask} ann{f{eask~ ekacìj sghg}fas`gi gh fa}~ok~ aic ~zaf| ^zaf|~ a}k ‟Zkseaic cgfìaskc mp s}kk~ g} ~o}{m~‐ /[^Ckhì`s`gi) @i K{}g|k% a hg}k~skc hki /a |kas ann{f{easìj zkseaic soas oa~ ig ~`ji`h`nais ìhegz~ g}g{shegz~ aic ~{||g}s~ an`cg|oè`n fg~~k~% |a}s`n{ea}ep ^|oaji{f ) ng{ec mk naeekc a ~zaf| @i ~gfka}ka~ }kkc j}a~~ & cgfìaskc zkseaic~ a}k ae~g naeekc ~zaf|~) /F`s~no aic Jg~~keìb% 10?8)

Fa}~o4 A h}kq{kisep g} ngisì{aeep ì{icaskc zkseaic noa}ansk}`~kc mp kfk}jkis ok}mankg{~xkjksas`gi aca|skc sg ~as{}askc ~gè ngic`s`gi~ @i K{}g|kai sk}fìgegjp a fa}~o oa~ a fìk}ae ~gè~{m~s}ask aic cgk~ igs ann{f{eask |kas /F`s~no aic Jg~~keìb% 10?8) Sgik `~ j}kp me{k aic sks{}k`~ ~fggso

Ngffkis4 [~ìj ~askee`sk casa `s `~ c`hh`n{es sg c`hhk}kisàsk mkszkki ~zaf| aic fa}~o Okink% mgsooaxk mkki ne{mmkc sgjksok}

11<; Zask}egjjkc4 â`c gh ai a}ka ì zo`no zask} ~saic~ ika}% as% g} amgxk sok eaic ~{}hank% ~g soas sok}ggs~ gh aee |eais~ knk|s opc}g|opsk~ a}k c}gzikc aic sok |eais~ c`k /Fa}ja}ask ks ae % 10:3) Heggc~g} {ieìkc naiae ~kk|ajk aic gsok} `}}`jas`gi ikszg}b fap na{~k zask}egjjìj ^|kns}aeep% c{}ìj sok|k}`gc zoki ~{}hank zask} k`~s~% zask}egjjkc a}ka~ a||ka} fg}k g} ek~~ ~`fèa} sg eabk~'|gic~Ogzkxk}% c{}ìj c}p ~ka~gi ea}jk g} aee |a}s~ gh ~{no a}ka~ c}p {| aic j`xk sok a||ka}aink ghf{c'~aes heas~ /j}kp me{`~o)

11<8 ]`xk}'~s}kaf4 ]`xk}~ a}k eìka} zask} hkas{}k~ gh sok eaic~na|k ]`xk}~ soas a}k z`ck} soai sokfa||ìj {i`s zèe mk fa||kc a~ |gepjgi~ @s~ `f|g}saink a}`~k~ h}gf sok hans soas faip ~s}ksnok~ ghsok }`xk}~ ì @icg&Jaijks`n \eaì~ aic |kiì~{ea} @icà a}k cknea}kc `f|g}sais ias`giae aic

ìsk}ias`giae zkseaic~ /K Sok }`xk} Jaija mkszkki M}adjoas aic Ja}o F{bsk~oza}% `~ a ]af~a} ~`sk%]aijaisoass{ gi sok Naxk}p }`xk} `~ a m`}c ~ains{a}p ksn) Zok}kxk}% }`xk}~ a}k z`ck aic hkas{}k~ e`bk~aic ma}~ ksn a}k x`~`mek% sokp zèe mk fa||kc

1=<< Fai&fack

1=<1]k~k}xg`} 4 A |gic g} eabk m{ès hg} sok ~sg}ajk gh zask}% {~{aeep mp sok ngi~s}{ns`gi gh a caf an}g~~ a }`xk} /Fa}ja}ask ks ae% 10:3) Gi ]^ `fajk~% }k~k}xg`}~ oaxk `}}kj{ea} mg{ica}p mkoìc a |}gfìkis cpbk Zkseaic mg{ica}p ì na~k gh }k~k}xg`} ìng}|g}ask~ zask}% aq{as`n xkjksas`gi aic hggs|}ìs gh zask} a~ zkee @i sok anngf|aipìj `fajk~ aq{as`n xkjksas`gi ì sok }k~k}xg`} `~ ~kki ì m}`jos |ìb sgik Sgik `~ ca}b me{k ì ckk| }k~k}xg`}~ zoèk `s `~ ìb me{k ì na~k gh ~oaeegz }k~k}xg`}~ g} }k~k}xg`}~ z`so o`jo ~ès egac Sok~k zèe mk aiigsaskc a~ ]k~k}xg`}~'Caf

Ma}}ajk4 Cpbk~ a}k ngi~s}{nskc ì sok |eaì a}ka~ gxk} }`xk}~ hg} n}kasìj @}}`jas`gi'zask} hanè`s`k~^{no zask} ~sg}ajk a}ka~ ckxkeg| ìsg zkseaic~ /Oa}`bk Ma}}ajk gi âse{d „ a ]af~a} ~`sk% Gboea

ma}}ajk gi sok Paf{ia ksn „ a m`}c ~ains{a}p) Zask} a||ka}~ ì ca}b me{k sgik z`so a ~fggsosks{}k Aq{as`n xkjksas`gi a||ka}~ ì |ìb ngeg{}% zo`no `~ ~nassk}kc% g} ngis`j{g{~ ck|kicìj gi sokcki~`sp ]k~k}xg`}~ hg}fkc mp ma}}ajk~ zèe mk aiigsaskc a~ }k~k}xg`}'ma}}ajk



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1=<= Saib~'\gic~4 A sk}f {~kc ì Nkpegi aic sok c}`k} |a}s~ gh \kiì~{ea} @icà hg} ai a}s`h`nàe |gic% |ggeg} eabk hg}fkc mp m{ècìj a f{c zaee an}g~~ sok xaeekp gh a ~faee ~s}kaf sg }ksaì sok fgi~ggi/Fa}ja}ask ks ae % 10:3) \gic~ Jkik}aeep% ~{jjk~s a ~faee% q{`ks mgcp gh ~saicìj zask}% {~{aeep~oaeegz kig{jo sg |k}f`s sok j}gzso gh }ggskc |eais~ h}gf gik ~og}k sg aigsok} /]k`c ks ae % 10:8)Saib~ a||ka} ì e`jos me{k ngeg{} ~ogzìj mgssgf }kheknsaink@i so`~ naskjg}p @ic{~s}àe |gic~'fììj |gge~ faìep ngf|}`~ìj Amaicgikc Q{a}}`k~ a}k ae~gìne{ckc /Q{a}}p `~ ckhìkc a~ -Ai g|ki g} ~{}hank zg}bìj g} knaxas`gi hg} sok ks}ans`gi gh ~sgik%g}k% ngae% j}axke g} fìk}ae~- @i ~{no |`s~ zask} ann{f{eask /FnJ}az Oèe Kinpneg|akcà gh

Kix`}gifkisae ^n`kink~% 10:3)% A~o |gic'Nggeìj |gic /Sok zask} mgcp n}kaskc hg} c`~noa}jìjkhhe{kis~ ì ìc{~s}p% k~|knàeep ì sok}fae |gzk} |eais~ /Kinpneg|akc`n C`}knsg}p gh Kix`}gifkis%10??) aic Nggeìj |gic4 Ai a}s`h`nàe eabk {~kc hg} sok ias{}ae nggeìj gh ngicki~k}&nggeìj zask}~k}xìj a ngixkis`giae |gzk} ~sas`gi /Kinpneg|akc`n C`}knsg}p gh Kix`}gifkis% 10??) Sok~k |gic~nai mk gh aip ~oa|k aic ~`tk Sks{}k `~ }g{jo aic sgiae a||ka}aink e`jos /q{a}}p) sg me{k ~oack/nggeìj |gic)

1=<> Zask}egjjkc 4 Fai&fack ans`x`s`k~ e`bk naiae~ na{~k zask}egjjìj ì acdankis a}ka~ c{k sg ~kk|ajkk~|knàeep zoki naiae~ a}k {ieìkc ^{no a}ka~ nai mk `ckis`h`kc gi sok `fajk~ aegij naiae ikszg}bSgiae a||ka}aink `~ ì xa}`g{~ o{k~ gh me{k ^gfks`fk~% ~{no zask}egjjkc a}ka~ c}p {| aic ekaxkzo`sk ~na}~ gi sok eaic Sks{}k `~ ~fggso

1=<3 âes |ai~4 @ieaic ~aes |ai~ ì @icà gnn{} ì ]ada~soai /âfmoa} eabk) Sok~k a}k ~oaeegz }knsaij{ea}fai&fack ck|}k~~`gi~ ì zo`no ~aeìk zask} `~ ann{f{easkc hg} c}pìj ì sok ~{i hg} fabìj ~aes

=<<< Nga~sae Zkseaic~

=1<< Ias{}ae =1<1 Eajggi~'Manbzask}~4 ^{no nga~sae mgc`k~ gh zask}% |a}sep ~k|a}askc h}gf sok ~ka mp ma}}`k}

mkanok~ g} ma~~ gh fa}ìk g}`jì% a}k fg}k |}g|k}ep sk}fkc eajggi~ A~ a }{ek% eajggi~ a}k kegijaskaic e`k |a}aeeke sg sok ~og}keìk Sokp a}k {~{aeep noa}ansk}`~s`n gh% m{s igs }k~s}`nskc sg% ~og}k~ ghkfk}jkink Eajggi~ a}k jkik}aeep ~oaeegzk} aic fg}k ~aeìk soai sp|`nae k~s{a}`k~ /]k`c ks ae % 10:8)Manbzask}4 A n}kkb% a}f gh sok ~ka g} ~k}`k~ gh ngiiknskc eajggi~% {~{aeep |a}aeeke sg sok nga~s%~k|a}askc h}gf sok ~ka mp a ia}}gz ~s}`| gh eaic m{s ngff{i`nasìj z`so `s so}g{jo ma}}kc g{seks~/Fa}ja}ask ks ae % 10:3)

=1<= N}kkb4 A igsamek |op~`gj}a|o`n hkas{}k gh ~aes fa}~ok~% k~|knàeep egz fa}~ok~ Sok~k n}kkb~ckxkeg| a~ cg }`xk}~ -z`so fìg} `}}kj{ea}`s`k~ ~ggik} g} eask} na{~ìj sok zask} sg mk ckheknskc ìsgckhì`sk noaiike~- /F`s~no aic Jg~~keìb% 10?8) N}kkb~ zèe mk ckeìkaskc% ogzkxk}% sok`} a}ka zèeigs mk k~s`faskc

=1<> âic'Mkano4 Mkano `~ ai {ixkjksaskc |a}s gh sok ~og}keìk hg}fkc gh egg~k fask}àe% {~{aeep ~aicsoas kskic~ h}gf sok {||k} mk}f /a }`cjk g} }`cjk~ gi sok manb~og}k gh sok mkano% hg}fkc mp sokck|g~`s gh fask}àe mp zaxk ans`gi% soas fa}b~ sok {||k} e`f`s gh g}cìa}p o`jo s`ck~ aic zaxk za~o sgegz zask} fa}b/Nea}b%10::)Mkano ngf|}`~ìj }gnbp fask}àe `~ naeekc }gnbp mkano

=1<3 @isk}s`cae f{cheas~4 Fg~s {ixkjksaskc a}ka~ soas a}k aesk}iaskep k|g~kc aic ì{icaskc mp sokhaeeìj aic }`~ìj gh sok s`ck Sokp fap mk f{cheas~ g} ~aic heas~ ck|kicìj gi sok nga}~kik~~ gh sokfask}àe gh zo`no sokp a}k fack /Nea}b% 10::)

=1<; âes Fa}~o4 Ias{}ae g} ~kf`&ias{}ae oaeg|ops`n j}a~~eaic aic cza}h m}{~ozggc gi sok aee{xàe~kc`fkis~ mg}ck}ìj ~aeìk zask} mgc`k~ zog~k zask} ekxke he{ns{ask~ k`sok} s`caeep g} igi& s`caeep/F`s~no aic Jg~~keìb% 10?8) âes fa}~ok~ eggb ì j}kp me{k ~oack zoki zks

=1<8 Faij}gxk~4 Sok faij}gxk ~zaf| `~ ai a~~gnàs`gi gh oaeg|ops`n s}kk~% ~o}{m~% aic gsok} |eais~j}gzìj ì m}anb`~o sg ~aeìk s`cae zask}~ gh s}g|`nae aic ~{m&s}g|`nae nga~seìk~ /F`s~no aic Jg~~keìb%10?8) Gi sok ~askee`sk `fajk~ faij}gxk~ gnn{} ì }kc ngeg{} `h ì ngis`j{g{~ |asno Zoki faij}gxka~~gnàs`gi~ a}k ~nassk}kc g} a}k ckj}ackc soki ì~skac gh }kc ngeg{}% m}`nb }kc ngeg{} fap mk ~kki

=1<: Ng}ae }kkh~4 Ngi~ge`caskc e`xìj ngegi`k~ gh f`n}g~ng|`n g}jai`~f~ hg{ic ì za}f s}g|`nae zask}~ Soksk}f ng}ae }kkh% g} g}jai`n }kkh `~ a||e`kc sg sok }gnb& e`bk }kkh~ m{ès&{| gh e`xìj soìj~% |}ìn`|aeepng}ae~ Sokp ngi~`~s gh ann{f{eas`gi~ gh naena}kg{~ ck|g~`s~ gh ng}ae~ aic ng}aeeìk aejak z`so sokìsk}xkiìj ~|ank ngiiknskc z`so ~aic% zo`no ngi~`~s~ ea}jkep gh ~okee~ gh hg}afì`hk}a \}k~kis }kkh~a}k e`xìj a~~gnàs`gi~ j}gzìj gi so`~ ann{f{eas`gi gh |a~s /Nea}b% 10::) ]kkh~ a||ka} ì e`jos me{k~oack

==<< Fai&fack ==<1 âes |ai~4 Ai {ic}aìkc {~{aeep ~faee aic ~oaeegz }knsaij{ea}% fai&fack ck|}k~~`gi g} ogeegz ì

zo`no ~aeìk zask} ann{f{eask~ aic kxa|g}ask~ ekaxìj a ~aes ck|g~`s /Fa}ja}ask ks ae % 10:3) âes|ai~ a}k ~q{a}k g} }knsaij{ea} ì ~oa|k Zoki zask} `~ sok}k a||ka}aink `~ me{k zoèk ~aes `~ hg}fkcsgik `~ zo`sk

==<= Aq{an{es{}k |gic~4 Aq{an{es{}k `~ ckhìkc a~ -Sok m}kkcìj aic }ka}ìj gh h}k~o&zask} g} fa}ìkh`~o ì na|s`x`sp H`~o ha}fìj g} }ainoìj- Sok zask} mgc`k~ {~kc hg} sok amgxk a}k naeekc aq{an{es{}k

|gic~ /Kinpneg|akc`n C`}knsg}p gh Kix`}gifkis% 10??) Aq{an{es{}k |gic~ a}k jkgfks}`nae ì ~oa|k{~{aeep ~q{a}k g} }knsaij{ea} Sgik `~ me{k



=<>

Aiik{}k „ @@

Cksaè~ gh C`~s}`ns ìhg}fas`gi hgeegzkc ì sok asea~

^g{}nk 4 ^{}xkp gh @icà /^{}xkpkc ì =<<3 aic |{me`~okc ì =<<;)



=<3



^|ank A||e`nas`gi~ Nkis}k /ÂN) `~ gik gh sok fadg}nkis}k~ gh sok @icài ^|ank ]k~ka}no G}jai`~as gi/@^]G) @s `~ a {i`q{k nkis}k ckaeìj z`so a z`ck xa}`ksp ghc`~n`|eìk~ ngf|}`~ìj ck~`ji aic ckxkeg|fkis gh|apegac~% ~gn`ksae a||e`nas`gi~% na|an`sp m{ècìj aic~|ank ~n`kink~% sok}kmp n}kasìj a ~pik}jp ghsknoigegjp% ~n`kink aic a||e`nas`gi~ Sok Nkis}k `~}k~|gi~`mek hg} sok ckxkeg|fkis% }kae ~as gi aicq{ae`h`nas gi gh ngff{i`nas`gi% iax`jas`gi% ka}so (

|eaiksa}p gm~k}xas`gi% fkskg}gegj`nae |apegac~ aic}keaskc casa |}gnk~~ìj aic j}g{ic ~p~skf~ ^kxk}aeias giae ekxke a||e`nas`gi |}gj}affk~ ì sok a}ka ghias{}ae }k~g{}nk~% zkasok} aic kix`}gifkisae ~s{c`k~%c`~a~sk} fgi`sg}ìj'f`s`jas`gi% ksn a}k ae~g na}}`kc g{s @s`~ |eapìj ai `f|g}sais }gek ì oa}ik~~ìj ~|anksknoigegjp hg} a z`ck xa}`ksp gh a||e`nas`gi~ hg} ~gn`ksaemkikh`s~

ÂN `~ a og~s ì~s`s{s`gi hg} sok s}aììj |}gj}affk~}keaskc sg âskee`sk Ngff{i`nas`gi% âskee`sk Fkskg}gegjpaic jegmae noaijk {ick} sok Nkis}k hg} ^|ank ^n`kink (Sknoigegjp Kc{nas`gi ì A~à aic sok \an`h`n /N^^SKA\)ahhèàskc sg sok [i`skc Ias`gi~ /[I)

oss|4''zzz`~}gg}j

National Wetland Atlas: Orissa (India)

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