National Weather Service The Short-Range Ensemble Forecast: SREF Applying Uncertainty and...
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National Weather Service
The Short-Range Ensemble Forecast: The Short-Range Ensemble Forecast: SREFSREF
Applying Uncertainty and Probabilistic Applying Uncertainty and Probabilistic Forecasts of Winter Storms Forecasts of Winter Storms
Matt Steinbugl, NOAA/NWS Des Moines Matt Steinbugl, NOAA/NWS Des Moines (formerly)(formerly)
Rich Grumm, NOAA/NWS State Rich Grumm, NOAA/NWS State CollegeCollege
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Short-Range Ensemble Forecast Short-Range Ensemble Forecast ObjectivesObjectives
• ConveyConvey and and applyapply uncertainty uncertainty to the forecast processto the forecast process• RecognizeRecognize and and assignassign probabilities to crucial winter probabilities to crucial winter weather forecast parametersweather forecast parameters
This will allow forecasters:This will allow forecasters:• To To increase confidenceincrease confidence in a in a forecast through a probabilistic forecast through a probabilistic approachapproach• To To make better decisionsmake better decisions while while allowing users better decision allowing users better decision making capabilitiesmaking capabilities
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Why Ensembles? – Why Ensembles? – Uncertainty/ChaosUncertainty/Chaos
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Why Ensembles?Why Ensembles?
•Uncertainty in initial conditions Uncertainty in initial conditions and model calculations can alone and model calculations can alone lead significant outcome changes lead significant outcome changes (run-to-run)(run-to-run)
•Need to account for non-linear Need to account for non-linear processesprocesses
•Atmosphere is chaotic in natureAtmosphere is chaotic in nature
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Why Ensembles?Why Ensembles?
•Needed to deal with inherent Needed to deal with inherent forecast uncertaintyforecast uncertainty
• Improve significant winter Improve significant winter weather forecastsweather forecasts
•Recognize high Recognize high uncertainty/high probability uncertainty/high probability outcomes and relate these to outcomes and relate these to each phase of the forecast each phase of the forecast processprocess
Risk Risk of of heavheavy y rainrain
Prob of Prob of 4” 4” snowsnow
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National Weather Service
What is the SREF?What is the SREF?
Multi-model based ensemble Multi-model based ensemble prediction system (EPS) with each prediction system (EPS) with each member having different dynamical member having different dynamical cores and physics packages.cores and physics packages.
21 individual members:21 individual members:
5 ETA (BMJ) + 5 ETA (KF) + 5 RSM 5 ETA (BMJ) + 5 ETA (KF) + 5 RSM ++6 WRF NMM/ARW (BMJ/KF) = 6 WRF NMM/ARW (BMJ/KF) = 21 21 membersmembers
-3 hourly output out to 87hrs-3 hourly output out to 87hrs-Produced at NCEP 03Z, 09Z, 15Z -Produced at NCEP 03Z, 09Z, 15Z and 21Z and 21Z
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Deterministic (GFS) vs. Deterministic (GFS) vs. Probabilistic (SREF)Probabilistic (SREF)
ModelModel Initial Initial ConditionCondition
s (ICs)s (ICs)
Model Model corescores
RemarksRemarks
GFSGFS 1 IC1 IC 1 model 1 model corecore
run-to-run-to-run run
(jumpine(jumpiness)ss)
SREFSREF Multiple Multiple ICsICs
Multiple Multiple corescores
More More consistenconsisten
cycyComparing deterministic models is a 50/50 Comparing deterministic models is a 50/50
proposition!!!proposition!!!
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SREF PerformanceSREF Performance
Combo Combo GFS/NAGFS/NAMM
SREF SREF MeanMeanE
rro
Err
orr
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Case Study DataCase Study Data
•Examine 2 significant winter Examine 2 significant winter weather events across the weather events across the Eastern United StatesEastern United States
•Determine the following:Determine the following:
-Amounts/timing of pcpn?-Amounts/timing of pcpn?
-PYTPE?-PYTPE?
-Temps for Snow vs. Ice?-Temps for Snow vs. Ice?
-Pattern Recognition?-Pattern Recognition?
-Atypical/typical event?-Atypical/typical event?
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Case Study #1 22-23 Dec 2004Case Study #1 22-23 Dec 2004
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SpaghettiSpaghetti//Probability charts - 0° Probability charts - 0° isothermisotherm
Mean Mean and and probabilprobabilityity
SpreSpreadad
22mm
850850mbmb
http://http://eyewall.met.psu.eyewall.met.psu.edu/ensembles/edu/ensembles/java/java/ModelDisplay.htModelDisplay.htmlml
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Mixed/Conditional Probability Mixed/Conditional Probability charts PYTPEcharts PYTPE
RaiRainn
Ice Ice PelletsPellets
SnoSnoww
FZRFZRAA
http://http://eyewall.met.psu.eyewall.met.psu.edu/ensembles/edu/ensembles/java/java/ModelDisplay.htModelDisplay.htmlml
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Probability/Mean charts – Probability/Mean charts – 0.50/1.00” QPF0.50/1.00” QPF
0.50 0.50 inchinch
1.00 1.00 inchinch
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So, what happened ???So, what happened ???
Our guests can look at the handoutsOur guests can look at the handouts
Please don’t share with NWS folks….Please don’t share with NWS folks….
This case is part of a training This case is part of a training scenario- scenario-
yet to be completed !yet to be completed !
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Case Study #2Case Study #2 23-25 April 2005 23-25 April 2005
Detroit, Detroit, MichiganMichigan
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Mixed/Conditional Probability Mixed/Conditional Probability charts PYTPEcharts PYTPE
RaiRainn
Ice Ice PelletsPellets
SnoSnoww
FZRFZRAA
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Probability/Mean 0.40” QPF over Probability/Mean 0.40” QPF over 24 hr24 hr
StartiStarti
ng ng 21Z21Z
Startin
Startin
g 9 g 9
hours hours
laterlater
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Detroit, MI Plume DiagramDetroit, MI Plume Diagram
http://http://eyewall.met.psu.edu/plumes/eyewall.met.psu.edu/plumes/PlumeDisplay.htmlPlumeDisplay.html
You can get these for DSM, ALO, DBQ You can get these for DSM, ALO, DBQ and BRLand BRL
National Weather ServiceNOHRSNOHRSCC
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SummarySummary Ensemble Prediction Systems are an Ensemble Prediction Systems are an important means of:important means of:•Conveying and applying uncertainty through Conveying and applying uncertainty through a probabilistic approacha probabilistic approach
•Visualizing and quantifying uncertainty Visualizing and quantifying uncertainty within the forecast processwithin the forecast process
Using ensembles will allow forecasters to Using ensembles will allow forecasters to relate probabilities to each phase of the relate probabilities to each phase of the warning decision processwarning decision process
In turn, this will allow forecasters to make In turn, this will allow forecasters to make better decisions and users to have better better decisions and users to have better decision making capabilitiesdecision making capabilities
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http://eyewall.met.psu.edu/http://eyewall.met.psu.edu/ensembles/java/ModelDisplay.htmlensembles/java/ModelDisplay.html
Spaghetti charts, model variance Spaghetti charts, model variance and normalized anomalyand normalized anomaly
http://eyewall.met.psu.edu/http://eyewall.met.psu.edu/plumes/PlumeDisplay.htmlplumes/PlumeDisplay.html
Plume charts for DSM, ALO, DBQ, Plume charts for DSM, ALO, DBQ, BRLBRL
http://wwwt.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/SREF/http://wwwt.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/SREF/FCST/COM_US/web_js/html/FCST/COM_US/web_js/html/
mean_surface_prs.htmlmean_surface_prs.htmlNCEP Environmental Modeling NCEP Environmental Modeling Center SREF pageCenter SREF page
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Questions ???Questions ???
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SpecialSpecial ThanksThanks
Rich Grumm, SOO CTPRich Grumm, SOO CTP
Karl Jungbluth, SOO DMXKarl Jungbluth, SOO DMX
Peter Manousos, SOO NCEPPeter Manousos, SOO NCEP
Jun Du, NCEP/EMCJun Du, NCEP/EMC
Steve Wiess, SPCSteve Wiess, SPC
Jeremy Grams, SPCJeremy Grams, SPC
David Bright, SPCDavid Bright, SPC
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ReferencesReferences
http://http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/ensembletrainingwww.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/ensembletraining//
http://wwwt.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/SREF/WMO06_full.pdfhttp://wwwt.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/SREF/WMO06_full.pdf
http://wwwt.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/SREF-Docs/http://wwwt.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/SREF-Docs/
AWOC Winter IC 6.3: Using Ensembles in Winter Weather AWOC Winter IC 6.3: Using Ensembles in Winter Weather Forecasting Forecasting
http://mcc.sws.uiuc.eduhttp://mcc.sws.uiuc.edu
http://nws.met.psu.edu/severe/index.jsphttp://nws.met.psu.edu/severe/index.jsp
http://nws.met.psu.edu/severe/2006/11May2006.pdfhttp://nws.met.psu.edu/severe/2006/11May2006.pdf
SREF Exploitation at NCEP’s Hydrometeorological Prediction Center SREF Exploitation at NCEP’s Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (HPC) (HPC) http://nws.met.psu.edu/severe/2005/23April2005.pdfhttp://nws.met.psu.edu/severe/2005/23April2005.pdf
Dealing with uncertainties in forecasts – M Steven Tracton Dealing with uncertainties in forecasts – M Steven Tracton NWS/NCEP/EMCNWS/NCEP/EMC
http://weather.unisys.com/archive/index.htmlhttp://weather.unisys.com/archive/index.html
http://eyewall.met.psu.edu/plumes/Plume.pdfhttp://eyewall.met.psu.edu/plumes/Plume.pdf
http://eyewall.met.psu.edu/plumes/PlumeDisplay.htmlhttp://eyewall.met.psu.edu/plumes/PlumeDisplay.html
http://eyewall.met.psu.edu/ensembles/java/ModelDisplay.htmlhttp://eyewall.met.psu.edu/ensembles/java/ModelDisplay.html
National Weather ServiceMRCMRCCC