A measure of the extent of socio-religious intolerance and radicalism

within Muslim Society in Indonesia

National Survey Report

The survey design employed multistage random sampling with anestimated margin of error of 2,6% and a confidence level of 95%.

The survey sample is comprised of 1,520 adult respondents (at least 17 years old or married) from all 34 provinces of Indonesia.

The data collected was collected in March-April 2016.

Samples

What is the potential extent of support within Muslim society in Indonesia for acts of radical intolerance?

What key factors contribute towards socio-religious intolerance and radicalism in Indonesia?

What sections of Indonesian Muslim society can be categorized as intolerant and radical?

What steps should be taken to reduce the propensity for religious radicalism and intolerance?

Survey Questions

THE POTENTIAL FOR SOCIO-RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCEAttitudes and actions aimed at blocking, opposing or denying

the civic rights of citizens guaranteed by the constitution, raised in the name of religion.

Denial of the rights of non-Muslims

Denials of the rights of Groups mostdisliked despite same religious background

Terms & Definitions - 1

Eight Groups Most Disliked

Intolerance Disliked Group Indicators

Tolerance Disliked Group Index

Intolerance Non-Muslim Indicators

Tolerance Non-Muslim Index

THE POTENTIAL OF SOCIO-RELIGIOUS RADICALISMParticipation, or willingness to participate, in events involving, or

potentially involving, violence in the name of religion

EVENTS POTENTIALLY INVOLVING VIOLENCE‘Sweeping’ raids on places considered contrary to sharia law; Attacks on

houses of worship of other faiths; Demonstrations against groups perceived as tarnishing the sanctity of Islam; Being active in groups that

explicitly work to impose sharia law.

Many Islamic organisations support more extensive implementation of sharia law, BUT radical organisations are distinguish by their stated

commitment to ‘the implementation of sharia’.

Terms & Definitions - 2

Radicalism Socio-Religious Indicators

Radicalism Potential % Score

The majority of Indonesian Muslims (72%) are against radical actions

Only 7.7% are willing to take radical action if there is an opportunity and 0.4%had been involved in radical actions

PROJECTIONS based on 150 million Muslim adults in Indonesia:7.7% POTENTIALLY equates to 11 million people and 0.4 % POTENTIALLY equates to 600,000. [not actual number]

Radicalism Socio-Religious Index

Young & MaleTend to hold to a narrowly

literal understanding of religious teachings

Tend to have been exposed to religious information containing messages of

suspicion and hatred

Tend to deny or be opposed to the recognizing the rights

of citizens from disliked groups

Tend to justify and support the actions and movements

of radicals

Characteristics of Radical Groupsin Indonesia

SOURCES OF RELIGIOUS INFORMATION

Education

Income

Dwelling Place (City - Village)

Factors That Do Not Correlated

Key Factors Influencing

*Socio-Religious INTOLERANCE

The more respondents expressed support for

DEMOCRATIC VALUES, the lower the

potential for socio-religious intolerance

Intolerance towards disliked groups

Feelings of Isolation /

Deprivation

LITERAL UNDERSTANDING

on Jinayah & Muamalah

Level of interest in following religious

news

WOMEN or SENIOR respondents tend to have lower potential for socio-religious

radicalism

Intoleransi terhadap kelompok yang tidak disukai

LITERAL UNDERSTANDING

of Muamalah & Jihad using violence

Intolerance towards disliked groups

Support for radical organizations

Key Factors Influencing

*Socio-Religious RADICALISM

Lectures containing hostility and

suspicion

Support Towards Democracy

Support Towards Pancasila

Support Towards Democratic Values

Recommendation

PANCASILA AND DEMOCRACYARE MAJOR ASSETS

IN OVERCOMING SOCIO-RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE

Recommendations

Central GovernmentThe Ministry of Education and Ministry of

Religious Affairs should develop civics creative learning modules, using a blend

of conventional methods and social media communications technology to

strengthen understanding of citizenship rights and civil responsibilities, and

deepen respect for tolerance and peace in campuses and public schools

House of Representative & Regional Legislative

CouncilRevise and replace laws and

regulations that are contrary to Indonesian values as embodied in

Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution regarding tolerance, respect, and

non-discrimination

Civil Society GroupsMainstream religious social

organizations such as NahdlatulUlama and Muhammadiyah need to

work with their members base to deepen understanding of Pancasila

values and their support within Islamic teaching

Local GovernmentNeed to take a clear stance on not facilitating or providing support in

the form of government facilities of the provisions of resources and

funding for organizations known to commit intolerant and radical acts

National PoliceStrictly enforce the law on intolerant / radical acts, including hate speech based on faith/religious belief which

lends to incitement of discrimination, violence, and even

killings

Regular CitizenDeepen understanding of the values of the Pancasila and Indonesian Islam which are

inclusive and humanist, based on the belief in the One Almighty God in order to achieve social justice for

all in a united Indonesia

Jl. Taman Amir Hamzah No. 8, Jakarta – 10320, IndonesiaTel +62 21 3928233 / 3145671

Fax +62 21-3928250info@wahidfoundation.orgwww.wahifoundation.org

“Marilah kita bangun bangsa dan kita hindarkan pertikaian yang sering terjadi dalam sejarah.

Inilah esensi tugas kesejarahan kita yang tidak boleh kita lupakan sama sekali.”

- Gus Dur -