National Research University Higher School of Economics ... Memory a… · National Research...

National Research University – Higher School of Economics Department of History

Syllabus of the course: “Historical Memory and Narratives of Identity” Master’s program “Applied and Interdisciplinary History «Usable Pasts»”

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Course type: compulsory, key course

The prerequisites for this course include introductory-level familiarity with modern

history and critical and social theory.

Russian Summary/Аннотация

Курс представляет собой введение в проблематику исследований исторической

памяти как социально и культурно укорененного нарратива идентичности. Он

построен как серия отдельных случаев, иллюстрирующих как различный

эмпирический материал в этой обрасти, так и различные теоретические вопросы,

вытекающим из ключевых слов названия данного курса: Каковы основные подходы к

социальной и культурной памяти? Какая именно, и чья, история является предметом

памяти и её нарративного воспроизведения? Как понимается идентичность? Курс

рассматривает такие модальности социальной организации исторической памяти как

национализм, империю, (пост)социализм и неолиберализм и др., а формы, способы и

места памяти, от нарративных (исторический текст, архив, блог) до невербальных

(аффект, тело), культурного наследия и материальных объектов, включая

архитектуру.

Abstract

This course is to introduce students to methodologies that are required for

understanding history as a multiple, layered, and contested set of representations. The course

is built as an in-depth series of case studies, with the aim of bringing together three distinct

areas of analytical questions that are implied by its title’s key terms: “history”, “memory”

and “identity”: What are main approaches to social and cultural memory? What, and whose

history is being remembered and narrated? How identity is understood?

1. Memory. This course gives a thorough grounding in classic work on memory from

Durkheimean, psychoanalytical and Marxist perspectives, including Maurice Halbwachs

and Pierre Nora, and contrasting it with the studies that draw on post-structuralist and

cognitive approaches, as well as theories of affect and subjectivity.

2. History. The course asks what can be learned about societies from ways in which

they are concerned with history. What are some of the types of historical consciousness and

cultural notions of history, of lack thereof? How one can productively compare imperial and

universalist notions of history as progress with ideas about historical and cultural uniqueness

and exceptionalism, including nationalism, as well as with conceptualizations of history as

justice, as trauma, and as objects of consumption. What are practices of production,

exchange and consumption of historical narratives in education, tourism and politics?

3. Identity. This term has become one of the key categories in historical and social

analysis. One of the goals of the course is to ask what identity is, and what approaches to

identity are useful for understanding historical memory.

The course’ point of departure is Romantic and post-Romantic discourses on

communities, uniqueness and exceptionality, including the myths of origin and discourse of

cultural exclusivity, narratives of national history and pantheons of national heroes. It then

moves on to empire and postcoloniality, (post)socialism and (neo)liberalism as equally



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distinct forms of historical memory organization, with their own repertoires of referential

imagery and understandings of boundaries. It explores the issues of memory of war,

including civil war and ethnic conflict. Archive, film, body and material objects, including

buildings, are approached as culturally-specific memory devices and contested sites for

historical memory. Genres of historical narratives, including historiography, ethnology and

anthropology, and museum are discussed.

Learning Objectives of this course is to give students experience in hands-on

exploration of practices of historical memory and identity formation.

Learning Outcomes of this course are abilities to conceptually and critically unpack

the notions of different forms of historical memory, and discuss how they constitute, and are

constituted by, different kinds of identity. These outcomes include the list of competences

detailed below

Upon completion of the course students will be examined in:

• knowledge of key approaches to memory, practices of commemoration, and

narratives of history;

• ability to draw distinctions between different modalities of historical memory,

including the state, local, personal, regional, ethnic and national narratives, forms of their

contestation in the processes of narrative production and circulation;

• understanding how situated are different agents of social and cultural memory;

• comprehension of approaches to identity, in particular, its primordial, instrumental

and constructivist understandings;

• proficiency in debating these issues with sufficient empirical grounding in work on

specific regional and historical contexts.

List of competences. As a result of completing the course, students will develop the following

competences:

Systemic competences

Code

(RUS)

Code

(ENG)

Competence description

СК-2 SC-2 Способен формулировать научные концепции,

создавать модели, вырабатывать и

апробировать новые методы и инструменты

профессиональной деятельности

Ability to generate research concepts and

theoretical models, to test new methods and

tools for professional research activities



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СК-6 SC-6 Способен анализировать, верифицировать,

оценивать полноту информации в ходе

профессиональной деятельности, при

необходимости восполнять и

синтезировать недостающую информацию

The ability to analyze, verify and assess the

sufficiency of available information in the

course professional research activity and, if

necessary, generate and synthesize

information that is lacking for analysis.

СК-8 SC-8 Способен вести профессиональную, в том

числе научно-исследовательскую деятельность

в международной среде

Ability to carry out research and other

professional activities in international

environment

Professional competencies

Code

(RUS)

Code

(ENG)


ПК-1 PC-1 вести исследовательскую деятельность, с

применением современных методов и методик

исследования, используя знания в области

гуманитарных и социальных наук и смежных

областей научного знания

Ability to carry out research practices drawing

on up-to-date research methodologies and

knowledge in humanities, social sciences and

other relevant areas of scholarship

ПК-2 PC-2 осуществлять междисциплинарное

взаимодействие и сотрудничество с

представителями смежных областей знания в

ходе решения научно-исследовательских и

прикладных задач

Ability to engage in interdisciplinary interaction

and collaboration with scholars in relevant

research areas in order to adequately address

fundamental and applied research problems



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ПК-7 PC-7 формулировать актуальные научные проблемы,

изучение которых может обогатить

историческую науку, и решать перспективные

научно-исследовательские и прикладные задачи

Ability to formulate relevant and promising research

questions, study of which may enrich history, and to

adequately address and resolve prospective

fundamental and applied research issues

ПК-10 PC-10 осуществлять научно-обоснованную экспертизу,

основанную на ретроспективной информации

аспектов деятельности общественных,

государственных и муниципальных учреждений

и организаций, средств массовой информации,

учреждений культуры, том числе с

использованием информационно-

коммуникационных технологий поиска и

обработки соответствующей информации

Ability to carry out academically-sound expert

analysis that would be based on retrospective

information about various practices of the state,

municipal and civic institutions, media and

cultural organizations, including

communication and information technologies

search and process methods

Personal and social competencies

Code

(RUS)

Code

(ENG)


ПК-23 PC-23 Способен к осознанному выбору стратегий

межличностного взаимодействия

Ability to make conscious choices in strategies of

interpersonal ineractions

ПК-24 PC-24 Способен разрешать мировоззренческие,

социально и личностно значимые проблемы

Ability to solve problems in worldview, social and

personal areas



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Methods of Instruction

The course consists of both lectures and seminars. Seminars will focus on marked* key

readings for each of the themes (see curriculum below)

Grading System: - seminar participation (15%) - class assignments (35%) - take home final essay exam (50%) - late assignments will be marked down by 10% of the mark per day - if you plagiarize, you fail.

Guidelines for Knowledge Assessment

Course Plan

№ Themes Total

Hours Academic/Contact

Hours Independent

Work

Lectures Semina

rs

1. Memory and collective

representations

4 2 0 2

2. Blog, diary, autobiography 11 2 2 7

3. The invention of tradition 11 2 2 7

4. Purity and exile 11 0 4 7

5. Heritage as property 11 2 2 7

6. Sacrifice and ritual

memory

11 2 2 7

7. Body ad the gender of

memory

13 2 4 7

8. Discoures of the Vanishing 9 0 4 5



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9. Affect, emory, identity 11 2 2 7

10. Necropolitics 11 2 4 7

11. Consuption 11 2 2 7

In sum: 114 18 28 70

Curriculum (by theme)

1. Memory and collective representations

*Halbwachs, Maurice 1980 [1950] The Collective Memory. New York: Harper

and Row.

*Connerton, Paul. How societies remember, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,

1990.

Rogers, Daniel T. “Exceptionalism,” in Imagined Histories: American

Historians Interpret the Past, ed. Anthony Molho and Gordon S. Wood (Princeton

University Press 1998); “American Exceptionalism Revisited,” Raritan Review 24

(fall 2004), 21-47

Klein, Norman The History of Forgetting: Los Angeles and the Erasure of

Memory. Verso 1997

Handler, Richard and Eric Gable 1997 The new history in an old museum:

creating the past at Colonial Williamsburg. Durham, NC : Duke University Press.

2. Blog, diary, autobiography

*Kukulin, I.V. “Memory and Self-Legitimization in the Russian Blogosphere:

Argumentative Practices in Historical and Political Discussions in Russian-

Language Blogs of the 2000s // Memory, Conflict and New Media: Web wars in

post-socialist states. -- Ed. by J. Fedor, E. Rutten, V. Zvereva. New York:

Routledge, 2013

*Halfin, Igal. Terror in my soul: communist autobiographies on trial,

Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Hellbeck, Jochen. Fahsioning the Stalinist Soul: The Diary of Stepan

Poddubnyi, 1931-9 // Stalinism: New Directions / ed. Sheila Fitzpatrick. London

and New York: Routledge, 2000. P. 77-116.

Reed Adam. 2006 “‘My Blog is Me’: Texts and Persons in UK Online Journal

Culture (and Anthropology).” Ethnos 70(2): 220-242.

3. The invention of tradition

*Hobsbawm, Eric, & Terence Ranger, eds. The Invention of Tradition, Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 1983.

*Shnirel’man, Victor A. Who Gets the Past? Competition for Ancestors among Non-

Russian Intellectuals in Russia, Washington and Baltimore: The Woodrow Wilson Center

and The John Hopkins University Press, 1996



8

Herzfeld, Michael. A Place in History: Social and Monumental Time in a Cretan

Town, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Wanner, Catherine. Burden of dreams: history and identity in post-Soviet Ukraine,

University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998.

Gellner, Ernest. Nations and Nationalism, Ithaka: Cornell University Press, 1983.

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities, London: Verso, 1983.

4. Purity and exile

*Malkki, Lisa H. Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory and National Cosmology

among the Hutu Refugees in Tansania, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1995.

*Ballinger, Pamela. History in exile: memory and identity at the borders of the

Balkans, Princeton, N.J.; Woodstock: Princeton University Press, 2002.

*Nora, Pierre. Realms of memory: rethinking the French past, New York: Columbia

University Press, 1996. (vol. 1)

5. Heritage as property

*Brown Michael F. Can Culture Be Copyrighted // Current Anthropology. 1998. Vol.

39, №. 2. P. 193-222.

*Hayden, Cori. When nature goes public: the making and unmaking of bioprospecting

in Mexico, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003. (Part II)

Brown, Michael F. Heritage Trouble: Recent Work on the Protection of Intangible

Cultural Property // International Journal of Cultural Property. 2005. Vol. 12, №. 01. P. 40-

61.

Rowlands, Michael. Cultural Heritage and Cultural Property. //Buchli, V, (ed.)

Material Culture Reader. OxfordBerg:. 2002, pp. 105 - 133

Grant, Bruce. The captive and the gift: cultural histories of sovereignty in Russia and

the Caucasus, Ithaca, N.Y. and London: Cornell University Press, 2009.

Handler, Richard. Cultural Property and Culture Theory // Journal of Social

Archaeology. 2003. Vol. 3, №. 3. P. 353-365.

6. Sacrifice and ritual memory

*Cole, Jennifer. Forget colonialism? Sacrifice and the art of memory in Madagascar,

Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001

*Tumarkin, Nina. The living and the dead: the rise and fall of the cult of World War II

in Russia, New York, NY: Basic Books, 1994.

Becker, Heike, & Carola Lentz. The politics and aesthetics of commemoration:

national days in southern Africa // Anthropology Southern Africa. 2013. Vol. 36, №. 1-2.

P. 1-10.

Späth, Mareike, & Helihanta Rajaonarison. National days between commemoration

and celebration: remembering 1947 and 1960 in Madagascar // Anthropology Southern

Africa. 2013. Vol. 36, №. 1-2. P. 47-57.

Hubert, Henri, and Marcel Mauss. Sacrifice: Its Nature and Function, Chicago:

University of Chicago Press, 1964.

7. Body and the gender of memory *Hershatter, Gail. The gender of memory: rural Chinese women and the 1950s //

Signs. 2002. Vol. 28, №. 1. P. 43-70.

*Buyandelgeriyn, Manduhai. Dealing with uncertainty: shamans, marginal capitalism,

and the remaking of history in postsocialist Mongolia // American Ethnologist. 2007. Vol.

34, №. 1. P. 127-147.



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*Roche, Sophie. Gender in narrative memory. The example of civil war narratives in

Tajikistan // Ab Imperio. 2012. №. 3. P. 279-307.

Taussig, Michael T. The Magic of the State, London and New York: Routledge, 1997.

Stoller, Paul. Embodying Colonial Memories: Spirit Possession, Power, and the Hauka

in West Africa, London and New York: Routledge, 1995.

Ferguson, James. Of mimicry and membership: Africans and the ‘New World Society’

// Cultural Anthropology. 2002. Vol. 17, №. 4. С. 551-569.

Rouch, Jean 1955: Les Maîtres Fous (The Mad Masters) [film]

Cholodenko, Alan. Jean Rouch’s Les maîtres fous: Documentary of Seduction,

Seduction of Documentary // Three Documentary Filmmakers: Errol Morris, Ross

McElwee, Jean Rouch / ed. William Rothman. Albany: State University of New York

Press, 2009. С. 125-137.

8. Discourses of the Vanishing *Ivy, Marilyn. Mourning the Japanese Thing // Comparative Study of Social

Transformations, Working Papers. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 1993. Vol.

98, P. 1-46. (see also Ivy, Margaret. Discourses of the Vanishing: Modernity,

Phamtasm, Japan, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995)

*Yoneyama, Lisa Hiroshima Traces: Time, Space, and the Dialectics of Memory.

Berkeley: University of California Press 1999

9. Affect, memory, identity

*Navaro-Yashin, Yael. The make-believe space: affective geography in a postwar

polity, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2012.

*Oushakine, Sergei. The Patriotism of Despair: Nation, War, and Loss in Russia,

Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009.

Suny, Ronald Grigor. “They can live in the desert but nowhere else” : a history of the

Armenian genocide, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015.

Lacan, Jacques. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis. Harmondsworth:

Penguin, 1991.

Massumi, Brian. Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation. Durham:

Duke University Press, 2002.

Stoler, Ann Laura. ‘‘Affective States.’’ A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics,

ed. David Nugent and Joan Vincent, 4–20. Oxford: Blackwell, 2004.

10. Necropolitics *González-Ruibal, Alfredo. Making things public: Archaeologies of the Spanish Civil

War // Public Archaeology. 2007. Vol. 6, №. 4. P. 203-226.

*Kevin Lewis O’Neill “Writing Guatemala’s Genocide: Christianity and Truth and

Reconciliation Commissions.” Journal for Genocide Research 7(3): 331-349.

*Ferrándiz, Francisco. The return of Civil War ghosts: The ethnography of

exhumations in contemporary Spain // Anthropology Today. 2006. Vol. 22, №. 3. P. 7-12.

Ferrándiz, Francisco and Antonius C. G. M. Robben. eds. Necropolitics: Mass Graves

and Exhumations in the Age of Human Rights U Penn Press 2015

Sanford, Victoria. Buried secrets: truth and human rights in Guatemala, New York:

Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

11. Consumption

*Holsey, Bayo. Black Atlantic Visions: History, Race, and Transnationalism in Ghana

// Cultural Anthropology. 2013. Vol. 28, №. 3. P. 504-518.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ma%C3%AEtres_Fous



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*Gable, Eric, Richard Handler, & Anna Lawson. On the Uses of Relativism: Fact,

Conjecture, and Black and White Histories at Colonial Williamsburg // American

Ethnologist. 1992. Vol. 19, №. 4. P. 791-805.

*Duruz, Jean. Food as Nostalgia: Eating the Fifties and Sixties. Australian Historical

Studies 113:231-250, 1999

Bruner, Edward. Tourism in Ghana: The Representation of Slavery and the Return of

the Black Diaspora// American Anthropologist 98, no. 2 (1996): 290–304.

Handler, Richard and Eric Gable 1997 The new history in an old museum: creating the

past at Colonial Williamsburg. Durham, NC : Duke University Press.

Apter, Andrew, and Lauren Derby, eds. Activating the Past: History and Memory in

the Black Atlantic World. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, 2010.

Course Reading List Required Readings:

Ballinger, Pamela. History in exile: memory and identity at the borders of the

Balkans, Princeton, N.J.; Woodstock: Princeton University Press, 2002.

Brown Michael F. Can Culture Be Copyrighted // Current Anthropology. 1998.

Vol. 39, №. 2. P. 193-222.

Buyandelgeriyn, Manduhai. Dealing with uncertainty: shamans, marginal

capitalism, and the remaking of history in postsocialist Mongolia // American

Ethnologist. 2007. Vol. 34, №. 1. P. 127-147.

Cole, Jennifer. Forget colonialism? Sacrifice and the art of memory in

Madagascar, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001

Connerton, Paul. How societies remember, Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press, 1990.

Duruz, Jean. Food as Nostalgia: Eating the Fifties and Sixties. Australian

Historical Studies 113:231-250, 1999

Ferrándiz, Francisco. The return of Civil War ghosts: The ethnography of

exhumations in contemporary Spain // Anthropology Today. 2006. Vol. 22, №. 3.

P. 7-12.

Gable, Eric, Richard Handler, & Anna Lawson. On the Uses of Relativism:

Fact, Conjecture, and Black and White Histories at Colonial Williamsburg //

American Ethnologist. 1992. Vol. 19, №. 4. P. 791-805.

González-Ruibal, Alfredo. Making things public: Archaeologies of the Spanish

Civil War // Public Archaeology. 2007. Vol. 6, №. 4. P. 203-226.

Halbwachs, Maurice 1980 [1950] The Collective Memory. New York: Harper

and Row.

Halfin, Igal. Terror in my soul: communist autobiographies on trial,

Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Hayden, Cori. When nature goes public: the making and unmaking of

bioprospecting in Mexico, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003. (Part II)

Hershatter, Gail. The gender of memory: rural Chinese women and the 1950s //

Signs. 2002. Vol. 28, №. 1. P. 43-70.

Hobsbawm, Eric, & Terence Ranger, eds. The Invention of Tradition,

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Holsey, Bayo. Black Atlantic Visions: History, Race, and Transnationalism in

Ghana // Cultural Anthropology. 2013. Vol. 28, №. 3. P. 504-518.

Ivy, Marilyn. Mourning the Japanese Thing // Comparative Study of Social

Transformations, Working Papers. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 1993. Vol.



11

98, P. 1-46. (see also Ivy, Margaret. Discourses of the Vanishing: Modernity,

Phamtasm, Japan, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995)

Kevin Lewis O’Neill “Writing Guatemala’s Genocide: Christianity and Truth

and Reconciliation Commissions.” Journal for Genocide Research 7(3): 331-349.

Kukulin, I.V. “Memory and Self-Legitimization in the Russian Blogosphere:

Argumentative Practices in Historical and Political Discussions in Russian-

Language Blogs of the 2000s // Memory, Conflict and New Media: Web wars in

post-socialist states. -- Ed. by J. Fedor, E. Rutten, V. Zvereva. New York:

Routledge, 2013

Malkki, Lisa H. Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory and National Cosmology

among the Hutu Refugees in Tansania, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1995.

Navaro-Yashin, Yael. The make-believe space: affective geography in a

postwar polity, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2012.

Nora, Pierre. Realms of memory: rethinking the French past, New York:

Columbia University Press, 1996. (vol. 1)

Oushakine, Sergei. The Patriotism of Despair: Nation, War, and Loss in

Russia, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009.

Roche, Sophie. Gender in narrative memory. The example of civil war

narratives in Tajikistan // Ab Imperio. 2012. №. 3. P. 279-307.

Shnirel’man, Victor A. Who Gets the Past? Competition for Ancestors among

Non-Russian Intellectuals in Russia, Washington and Baltimore: The Woodrow

Wilson Center and The John Hopkins University Press, 1996

Tumarkin, Nina. The living and the dead: the rise and fall of the cult of World

War II in Russia, New York, NY: Basic Books, 1994.

Yoneyama, Lisa Hiroshima Traces: Time, Space, and the Dialectics of

Memory. Berkeley: University of California Press 1999

Optional Readings:

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities, London: Verso, 1983.

Apter, Andrew, and Lauren Derby, eds. Activating the Past: History and

Memory in the Black Atlantic World. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, 2010.

Becker, Heike, & Carola Lentz. The politics and aesthetics of commemoration:

national days in southern Africa // Anthropology Southern Africa. 2013. Vol. 36,

№. 1-2. P. 1-10.

Brown, Michael F. Heritage Trouble: Recent Work on the Protection of

Intangible Cultural Property // International Journal of Cultural Property. 2005.

Vol. 12, №. 01. P. 40-61.

Bruner, Edward. Tourism in Ghana: The Representation of Slavery and the

Return of the Black Diaspora// American Anthropologist 98, no. 2 (1996): 290–

304.

Cholodenko, Alan. Jean Rouch’s Les maîtres fous: Documentary of Seduction,

Seduction of Documentary // Three Documentary Filmmakers: Errol Morris, Ross

McElwee, Jean Rouch / ed. William Rothman. Albany: State University of New

York Press, 2009. С. 125-137.

Ferguson, James. Of mimicry and membership: Africans and the ‘New World

Society’ // Cultural Anthropology. 2002. Vol. 17, №. 4. С. 551-569.

Ferrándiz, Francisco and Antonius C. G. M. Robben. eds. Necropolitics: Mass

Graves and Exhumations in the Age of Human Rights U Penn Press 2015



12

Gellner, Ernest. Nations and Nationalism, Ithaka: Cornell University Press,

1983.

Grant, Bruce. The captive and the gift: cultural histories of sovereignty in

Russia and the Caucasus, Ithaca, N.Y. and London: Cornell University Press, 2009.





Handler, Richard. Cultural Property and Culture Theory // Journal of Social

Archaeology. 2003. Vol. 3, №. 3. P. 353-365.

Hellbeck, Jochen. Fahsioning the Stalinist Soul: The Diary of Stepan

Poddubnyi, 1931-9 // Stalinism: New Directions / ed. Sheila Fitzpatrick. London

and New York: Routledge, 2000. P. 77-116.

Herzfeld, Michael. A Place in History: Social and Monumental Time in a

Cretan Town, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Hubert, Henri, and Marcel Mauss. Sacrifice: Its Nature and Function, Chicago:

University of Chicago Press, 1964.

Klein, Norman The History of Forgetting: Los Angeles and the Erasure of

Memory. Verso 1997

Lacan, Jacques. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis.

Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991.

Massumi, Brian. Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation.

Durham: Duke University Press, 2002.

Reed Adam. 2006 “‘My Blog is Me’: Texts and Persons in UK Online Journal

Culture (and Anthropology).” Ethnos 70(2): 220-242.

Rogers, Daniel T. “Exceptionalism,” in Imagined Histories: American

Historians Interpret the Past, ed. Anthony Molho and Gordon S. Wood (Princeton

University Press 1998); “American Exceptionalism Revisited,” Raritan Review 24

(fall 2004), 21-47

Rouch, Jean 1955: Les Maîtres Fous (The Mad Masters) [film]

Rowlands, Michael. Cultural Heritage and Cultural Property. //Buchli, V, (ed.)

Material Culture Reader. OxfordBerg:. 2002, pp. 105 - 133

Sanford, Victoria. Buried secrets: truth and human rights in Guatemala, New

York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

Späth, Mareike, & Helihanta Rajaonarison. National days between

commemoration and celebration: remembering 1947 and 1960 in Madagascar //

Anthropology Southern Africa. 2013. Vol. 36, №. 1-2. P. 47-57.

Stoler, Ann Laura. ‘‘Affective States.’’ A Companion to the Anthropology of

Politics, ed. David Nugent and Joan Vincent, 4–20. Oxford: Blackwell, 2004.

Stoller, Paul. Embodying Colonial Memories: Spirit Possession, Power, and

the Hauka in West Africa, London and New York: Routledge, 1995.

Suny, Ronald Grigor. “They can live in the desert but nowhere else” : a history

of the Armenian genocide, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015.

Taussig, Michael T. The Magic of the State, London and New York:

Routledge, 1997.

Wanner, Catherine. Burden of dreams: history and identity in post-Soviet

Ukraine, University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ma%C3%AEtres_Fous

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