National Research Council

Roma, January 16, 2009

Science and technology in Italy

Giorgio Sirilligiorgio.sirilli@cnr.it

Some general comments

Italy’s science and technology: a long historyThe relationshiop between R&D and innovationA large country (60 million population)Europe is importantUneven distribution of R&D and innovationA complex system with no comprehensive strategyItaly is a market economyThe weakness of the private sectorThe innovation modelsR&D policyR&D evaluation

Intensity ratio: R&D/GDP (%) in various countries

0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

3,50

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

Italia Spagna Europa 15 Usa Giappone Irlanda

R&D expenditure in Italy

12.000

12.500

13.000

13.500

14.000

14.500

15.000

15.500

16.000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Istat correnti Istat costanti Dati corretti correnti Dati corretti costanti

Regions and industrial districts in Italy

R&D expenditure in Italy by region (milion euro) - 2001

Regions Government University Business Total

Piemonte - Valle d'Aosta 3,4 6,0 22,2 13,5 Lombardia 11,4 12,5 32,6 22,2 Trentino A.A. 1,8 1,0 0,8 1,1 Veneto 2,7 6,2 5,2 5,1 Friuli V. G. 2,4 3,0 2,3 2,6 Liguria 2,5 2,9 2,1 2,4 Emilia Romagna 4,9 9,7 10,2 9,1 Toscana 4,8 10,6 4,5 6,5 Umbria 0,6 2,2 0,4 1,0 Marche 0,5 2,3 1,0 1,3 Lazio 53,6 12,7 9,8 18,8 Abruzzo - Molise 0,8 2,5 1,4 1,7 Campania 3,5 9,8 3,5 5,6 Puglia 2,1 4,5 1,1 2,4 Calabria - Basilicata 1,0 2,0 0,6 1,1 Sicilia 2,5 9,2 2,0 4,4 Sardegna 1,4 3,0 0,2 1,4 Totale 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0

North 29,3 41,3 75,5 55,9 Centre 59,5 27,7 15,7 27,6 South 11,2 31,0 8,8 16,5

Totale (milioni di Euro) 2.493 4.418 6.661 13.572

R&D expenditure (percentage)

Ministry of Research (MIUIR)

Major R&D agencies and organisations

National Research Council, Cnr (8,800)

Agency for New technologies, Energy, Environment, Enea (3,200)

National Institute of Neuclear Physics, Infn (2,000)

National Statistical Institute, Istat (2,600)

Higher health Institute, Iss (2,000)

Experimental Stations of the ministries of industry and agriculture (1,250)

Astronomic Observatories (800)

Institute for the training of workers, Isfol (700)

Health institutions (Research hospitals) (5,400)

Budget appropriations of Italian government (2005, milion euro)

NABS ObjectiveNational

governmentRegional

governments Total %

Exploration and exploitation of the Earth 255 3 258 2,8Infrastructure and planning of land-use 70 21 91 1,0Environment 234 16 251 2,7Human health 671 72 744 8,1Energy 373 1 373 4,1Agricultural production and technology 277 51 328 3,6Industrial production and technology 983 146 1.129 12,3Social structures and relationships 416 39 454 5,0Space 764 3 767 8,4Research from General University Funds 3.864 3.864 42,2Non-Oriented research 527 13 540 5,9Defence 354 354 3,9

Total 8.788 365 9.152 100,0

Budget appropriations of I talian government (2005, milion euro)

Esploraz. e

utilizzaz. ambiente terrestre

I nfrastrutt. e

pianificaz. del

territorio

Controllo e tutela

dell'ambiente

Protezione e

promozione

della salute

umana

Produz., distribuz

. e uso razional

e dell'ener

gia

Produzione e

tecnologie

agricole

Produzione e

tecnologie industriali

Strutture e

relazioni sociali

Esploraz. e

utilizzaz. dello

spazio

Ricerca nelle

Università

Ricerche non

orientate

Difesa TOTALE %

MIUR 173 33 90 154 146 77 475 73 748 3.864 516 3 6.351 72,7Min. delle Att. Produttive 60 13 25 54 212 25 289 22 12 3 2 717 8,2Min. della Salute 419 26 445 5,1Min. dell'Economia 18 7 7 41 14 7 135 156 3 1 1 391 4,5Min. della Difesa 4 348 352 4,0Min. dei Beni Culturali 3 159 162 1,9Min. delle Pol. Agricole 0 138 138 1,6Min. dell'Ambiente 108 108 1,2Min. del Welfare 3 1 1 3 1 1 13 1 1 0 0 26 0,3Min. dei Trasporti 9 0 15 0 0 24 0,3Min. degli Affari Esteri 3 2 7 12 0,1Min. delle Comunicazioni 8 0 1 10 0,1Min. della Giustizia 1 1 0,0Min. degli I nterni 0 0 0,0Totale Amm. Centrali 255 70 234 671 373 277 931 416 764 3.864 527 354 8.736 100,0

Mancati introiti per gli sgravi ex Tecno-Tremonti 52 52

Totale Regioni 3 21 16 72 1 51 146 39 3 13 365

Totale generale 258 91 251 744 373 328 1.129 454 767 3.864 540 354 9.152 (percentuale) 2,8 1,0 2,7 8,1 4,1 3,6 12,3 5,0 8,4 42,2 5,9 3,9 100,0

Fonte: I STAT

The zoological metaphor of the Italian economy

the hornet the leopard

Business enterprise R&D

About 2,400 enterprises

R&D expenditure: 8,210 milion euro in 2006

Specialisation model

Dimensional structure

Territorial dimension

Business R&D expenditure by source

of funds - 2005

R&D financing and performance in Italy 2004 (million euro)

Financing sector

Performing sector

Government Business AbroadHigher

education Total %

Government 2.402 159 157 4 2.722 17,8

Private non profit 80 136 16 1 233 1,5

Business 1.005 5.479 806 3 7.293 47,8

Higher education 4.504 150 100 250 5.004 32,8

Total 7.991 5.924 1.079 257 15.252 100,0

Percentage 52,4 38,8 7,1 1,7 100,0

Innovating firms receiving public funding

local or regional

authorities

central government

European Union

EU: Framework Programme

Austria 20,6 24,7 9,3 2,6Denmark 2,1 8,7 6,5 3,4Finland 6,6 31,2 8,4 4,3France 8,0 15,1 5,1 1,8Germany 7,7 7,6 4,0 3,2I taly 25,7 14,9 3,3 1,2Netherlands 6,6 32,5 5,6 2,2Portugal 1,1 6,8 5,2 2,9Spain 18,7 10,3 3,7 1,4Norway 1,7 42,8 1,9 1,7

The “Innovation, growth, employment Plan” (PICO)

Priority

Financial allocati

ons until 2005 (mln

Euro)

Financial allocation

s in the period 2006-2008 (mln

Euro)

New PICO fund

s (mln Euro

)

Total (mln Euro

)

Widening citizens’ and firms’ free choices 599,6 217,4 1.322,8 2.139,8

R&D and technological innovation 4.333,6 903,0 4.088,3 9.324,9

Human capital training 956,4 193,4 407,2 1.557,0

Intangible and physical infrastructure 23.645,4 2.503,0 5.236,1 31.384,5

Environment 352,9 16,5 1.717,0 2.086,4

Totale 29.887,9 3.833,3 12.771,4 46.492,6

Manufacturing Firms

In house R&D29%

Acquisition of R&D 6%

Acquisition of external

knowledge4%

Design4%

Machinery equipment

50%

Training3%

Marketing4%

Innovation expenditure – Italy

Services Firms

Acquisition of external

knowledge20%

Desing5%

Training6%

In house R&D17%

Acquisition of R&D6%

Machinery equipment

36%

Marketing10%

“da fuori a dentro” l’impresa“da dentro a fuori” dell’impresa

Direct subsidies and tax incentives 2000 and 2006

Public support to innovation in firms

to ideas, knoledge

from money