NATIONAL REPORT SLOVAKIA · • Forests of the Slovak Republic, State Forests of the Slovak...

EFC WPMMW EFC WPMMW

2828thth Session, 12Session, 12--16 September 2011, 16 September 2011,

Kastamonu, TurkeyKastamonu, Turkey

NATIONAL REPORTNATIONAL REPORT

EFC WPMMW EFC WPMMW

2828thth Session, 12Session, 12--16 September 2011, 16 September 2011,

Kastamonu, TurkeyKastamonu, Turkey

NATIONAL REPORTNATIONAL REPORT

SLOVAKIASLOVAKIAInstitutional settings Institutional settings

concerning forest and water managementconcerning forest and water managementMatej SchwarzMatej Schwarz

SLOVAKIASLOVAKIAInstitutional settings Institutional settings

concerning forest and water managementconcerning forest and water managementMatej SchwarzMatej Schwarz

Two ministries dealing with Two ministries dealing with forest&forest&waterwater

•• Ministry of Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Development

of the Slovak Republic of the Slovak Republic

–– forest and agricultural landscape stewardshipforest and agricultural landscape stewardship

–– stewardship of a part of small watercoursesstewardship of a part of small watercourses

•• Ministry of EnvironmentMinistry of Environment of the Slovak Republicof the Slovak Republic•• Ministry of EnvironmentMinistry of Environment of the Slovak Republicof the Slovak Republic

–– stewardship of the majority of watercoursesstewardship of the majority of watercourses

•• quite bad relationships between these ministries quite bad relationships between these ministries

–– caused by nature conservations issues caused by nature conservations issues

–– water issues water issues -- no controversies, bno controversies, buut lack of cooperationt lack of cooperation

Two ministries dealing with forest&waterTwo ministries dealing with forest&water

•• Undesirable effects:Undesirable effects:

–– water, as a non conflict issue, is many water, as a non conflict issue, is many timestimes omittedomitted

–– managementmanagementss of streams themselves and of streams themselves and management of their catchment's area management of their catchment's area areare largely largely divideddivideddivideddivided

–– unharmonious policies and legislationunharmonious policies and legislation

–– lack of knowledge about the „other side“lack of knowledge about the „other side“

–– almost no requirements of Water administration bodies almost no requirements of Water administration bodies to foresters and to foresters and vice versavice versa

��slow implementation of the idea of the PES,slow implementation of the idea of the PES, which is which is seen as one of the main tools of „enlightened “ seen as one of the main tools of „enlightened “ managementmanagement

Two ministries Two ministries -- ppast solutionsast solutions

•• socialism era:socialism era:•• independent Ministry of Forest independent Ministry of Forest && Water Water MManagementanagement

•• LesostavLesostav -- special state enterprise for „forest special state enterprise for „forest constructions“ (including torrent control) constructions“ (including torrent control) –– now privatinow privatisseded

•• special „melioration enterprises“ under State Forests special „melioration enterprises“ under State Forests Enterprise for Enterprise for minorminor constructions and maintenanceconstructions and maintenanceEnterprise for Enterprise for minorminor constructions and maintenanceconstructions and maintenance

•• 20102010•• an attempt to merge MoA and MoE an attempt to merge MoA and MoE –– politically sensitive politically sensitive

issue issue –– after elections, ministries are split againafter elections, ministries are split again

•• the main controversy the main controversy –– nature conservation nature conservation

•• water water is is not taken into considerationnot taken into consideration

•• the fthe future uture remains remains unclearunclear

Regions of SlovakiaRegions of Slovakia

8 regions 8 regions -- NUTS 3 levelNUTS 3 level

79 districts 79 districts

Ministry of EnvironmentMinistry of Environment

•• Department of Water Protection (1 of 8)Department of Water Protection (1 of 8)

•• subsub--department of state administration:department of state administration:

–– regional „Water authorities“regional „Water authorities“

•• subsub--department of water policies department of water policies

•• subsub--department of water management and flood department of water management and flood

protectionprotectionprotectionprotection

•• Organisations instituted by MoEOrganisations instituted by MoE

•• budgetarybudgetary

•• contributory (semicontributory (semi--budgetary)budgetary)

Ministry of Agriculture & Rural DevelopmentMinistry of Agriculture & Rural Development

•• Agriculture & Rural Development Section (1 of 5)Agriculture & Rural Development Section (1 of 5)•• Departments of plant & animal production, rural Departments of plant & animal production, rural

development, etcdevelopment, etc

•• no „Agricultural Land Authorities) no „Agricultural Land Authorities) �� indirect indirect administration through paymentsadministration through payments

•• Forestry SectionForestry Section•• State administration of forestryState administration of forestry

•• Department of Forest ManagementDepartment of Forest Management

–– Organisations instituted by MoAOrganisations instituted by MoA•• budgetary & semibudgetary & semi--budgetary agricultural organisationsbudgetary agricultural organisations

•• National Forest Centre (semiNational Forest Centre (semi--budgetary)budgetary)

•• State enterprise Forests of the Slovak Republic State enterprise Forests of the Slovak Republic

•• State Forests of Tatras National ParkState Forests of Tatras National Park (semi(semi--budgetary)budgetary)

MoE organisationsMoE organisations

•• Slovak Inspectorate of the Environment Slovak Inspectorate of the Environment

•• integrated pollution prevention and control integrated pollution prevention and control

•• assessment of the compliance with environmental legislationassessment of the compliance with environmental legislation

•• Slovak HydroSlovak Hydro--Meteorological InstituteMeteorological Institute

•• monitoring and forecasts of streamflowmonitoring and forecasts of streamflow,, sediment sediment •• monitoring and forecasts of streamflowmonitoring and forecasts of streamflow,, sediment sediment

loads, water temperatures, ice occurrence, etc.loads, water temperatures, ice occurrence, etc.

•• monitoring of precipitation, temperatures monitoring of precipitation, temperatures

evaporationevaporation

•• monitoring of groundwater resources monitoring of groundwater resources

•• Flood Warning and Flood Warning and FForecast System of Slovak rep. orecast System of Slovak rep. --

ActAct No. 7/2010 col. No. 7/2010 col. on Flood Protectionon Flood Protection


•• Water Research InstituteWater Research Institute•• sectoral researchsectoral research

•• implementation of Water Framework implementation of Water Framework Directive(2000/60/E)Directive(2000/60/E)

•• State Geological Institute of Dionyz SturState Geological Institute of Dionyz Stur•• State Geological Institute of Dionyz SturState Geological Institute of Dionyz Stur•• hydrogeology research and surveyshydrogeology research and surveys

•• State Nature ConservancyState Nature Conservancy•• Indirect, but significant impact Indirect, but significant impact –– positive or negative positive or negative ––

restrictions of improper, but also restrictions of desirable restrictions of improper, but also restrictions of desirable measuresmeasures

•• EnvirofondEnvirofond•• possible source of PES for managers, but not employed yetpossible source of PES for managers, but not employed yet

WFD implementation: WFD implementation: National Water PlanNational Water Plan

•• approved by the Government Decree Noapproved by the Government Decree No 109 109 from 10 February 2010from 10 February 2010

•• lack of crosslack of cross--sectoral cooperationsectoral cooperation

•• not negotiated with forestry bodiesnot negotiated with forestry bodies•• not negotiated with forestry bodiesnot negotiated with forestry bodies

•• unclear funding unclear funding –– water managers as well as water managers as well as foresters do not have financial resoureces foresters do not have financial resoureces


•• Slovak Water Management EnterpriseSlovak Water Management Enterprise

•• stewardship of water courses, water reservoirs, stewardship of water courses, water reservoirs,

flood control, maintenance of waterways, care for flood control, maintenance of waterways, care for

surface waters quality and inspection of surface waters quality and inspection of

environmental impacts of water management environmental impacts of water management

•• stewardship of hydromelioration facilities stewardship of hydromelioration facilities •• stewardship of hydromelioration facilities stewardship of hydromelioration facilities

•• stewardship of a part of stewardship of a part of small water streamssmall water streams --

number of these streams is gradually increasing number of these streams is gradually increasing

•• organisational structureorganisational structure of SWMEof SWME reflects the main reflects the main

catchment basins of Slovakiacatchment basins of Slovakia or the most important or the most important

facilities, such as damsfacilities, such as dams

MoA organisationsMoA organisations

•• National Forest Centre National Forest Centre –– now the only now the only forestry organisation in Slovakiaforestry organisation in Slovakia•• sectoral research on forest management and its sectoral research on forest management and its

impacts on the environmentimpacts on the environment

•• forest management planningforest management planning –– recently the main recently the main •• forest management planningforest management planning –– recently the main recently the main

tooltool of SFM of SFM –– now now decreasing legal bindingness, decreasing legal bindingness,

decreasing qualitydecreasing quality (financial reasons)(financial reasons)

•• implementation of international resolutions, implementation of international resolutions,

conventions, etc.conventions, etc.

•• development of forestry policies and strategies development of forestry policies and strategies --


•• National Forest Centre (NFC) National Forest Centre (NFC) –– what is what is its mandate?its mandate?

•• NFC is allowed to talk about sustainable NFC is allowed to talk about sustainable forest management, but it has less and forest management, but it has less and forest management, but it has less and forest management, but it has less and less rights to force the manager to follow less rights to force the manager to follow its principlesits principles

•• On contrary, there are many processes On contrary, there are many processes trying not to expel managers from the trying not to expel managers from the landscape as a useless elementlandscape as a useless element


•• National Forest Centre (NFC) National Forest Centre (NFC) –– what is what is its mandate?its mandate?

•• NFC is allowed to talk about sustainable NFC is allowed to talk about sustainable forest management, but it has less and forest management, but it has less and forest management, but it has less and forest management, but it has less and less rights to force the manager to follow less rights to force the manager to follow its principlesits principles

•• many processes, quite on contrary, tries many processes, quite on contrary, tries to expel managers from the landscape as to expel managers from the landscape as a “useless element”a “useless element”


•• State Forests of Tatras National ParkState Forests of Tatras National Park•• established to manage the first Slovak national park established to manage the first Slovak national park

–– now controversialnow controversial

•• Forests of the Slovak Republic, State Forests of the Slovak Republic, State EnterpriseEnterprise•• manages 50% of Slovak forests, majority of which is manages 50% of Slovak forests, majority of which is

owned by the stateowned by the state

•• Agroforestry estate Ulič, State EnterpriseAgroforestry estate Ulič, State Enterprise•• Agroforestry estate Ulič, State EnterpriseAgroforestry estate Ulič, State Enterprise•• small state enterprise independent from Forests of small state enterprise independent from Forests of

SRSR

•• all these organisations manage the forests and all these organisations manage the forests and the large part of small water streams within the large part of small water streams within their territoriestheir territories

•• becoming similar to private forest managers becoming similar to private forest managers ––water streams stewardship is one of remaining water streams stewardship is one of remaining differences differences

Stewardship of water streamsStewardship of water streams3 state forest organisations & Slovak Water Management Enterprise3 state forest organisations & Slovak Water Management Enterprise

•• Act No 364/2004 col. on WatersAct No 364/2004 col. on Waters

•• Act No 7/2010 col. on Flood ProtectionAct No 7/2010 col. on Flood Protection

•• stewards of water streams are obliged to stewards of water streams are obliged to

secure flood protection, maintain channels and secure flood protection, maintain channels and

streambanks, maintain constructions and streambanks, maintain constructions and streambanks, maintain constructions and streambanks, maintain constructions and

riparian forests and to coriparian forests and to co--operate in monitoringoperate in monitoring

•• financing from own resources (e.g. timber financing from own resources (e.g. timber

harvest) or from the fees the stewards are harvest) or from the fees the stewards are

obliged to incaseobliged to incase (e.g. for water polution)(e.g. for water polution)

•• if not enough if not enough –– state budget => now only state budget => now only

repairs and small improvements are repairs and small improvements are commoncommon

Stewardship of Stewardship of forestforest3 state forest organisations3 state forest organisations, but also all other forest owners/managers, but also all other forest owners/managers

•• Act No 326/2005 on ForestsAct No 326/2005 on Forests

•• Stewards/managers of forests have rights to Stewards/managers of forests have rights to

manage and use their forests, but also many manage and use their forests, but also many

obligations, e.g.:obligations, e.g.:

•• investigate damaging agents and to record and investigate damaging agents and to record and •• investigate damaging agents and to record and investigate damaging agents and to record and

report the findingsreport the findings

•• keep their forests healthy and to remove infected keep their forests healthy and to remove infected

treestrees

•• prevention against fires, game damage, etcprevention against fires, game damage, etc

•• not put the risk on the neighbours’ ownershipnot put the risk on the neighbours’ ownership

•• perform the measures ordered by forestry perform the measures ordered by forestry

authoritiesauthorities

Act on ForestsAct on Forests –– relation to water relation to water

•• just generally described BMP, such as just generally described BMP, such as „not to „not to

damage streams and banks“damage streams and banks“, but without , but without

sanctions and strict rulessanctions and strict rules

•• main tool main tool –– soso--called forest categories:called forest categories:

•• commercial (production)commercial (production)•• commercial (production)commercial (production)

•• protectiveprotective

•• special purposespecial purpose

•• only few punctual prescriptions:only few punctual prescriptions:

•• it is forbidden to use water streams for skidding it is forbidden to use water streams for skidding

(crossing streams is allowed) (crossing streams is allowed)

•• no watershed approachno watershed approach

National Forestry Programme National Forestry Programme of the Slovak of the Slovak RepublicRepublic

Action Plan of National Forestry ProgrammeAction Plan of National Forestry Programmeof the Slovak Republicof the Slovak Republic

Strategy of Forestry DevelopmentStrategy of Forestry Development (to 2025) (to 2025) Strategy of Forestry DevelopmentStrategy of Forestry Development (to 2025) (to 2025)

•• too many priorities (water functions included)too many priorities (water functions included)

•• lack of punctuality and real strategieslack of punctuality and real strategies

Act on Act on WatersWaters –– relation to forests relation to forests

•• just general rules compatible with just general rules compatible with Act on Act on forests forests

•• protected waterprotected water--management areasmanagement areas –– just just definition and general rules definition and general rules –– no punctual no punctual prescriptions prescriptions –– foresters in reality do not have foresters in reality do not have to know about themto know about themto know about themto know about them

•• some rules related to the approval of forest some rules related to the approval of forest management plans or building of drainage management plans or building of drainage systemssystems

•• Act on Waters has only minor impact on Act on Waters has only minor impact on forestry practiceforestry practice

•• no watershed approachno watershed approach

Overestimated role of NGOsOverestimated role of NGOs

•• People & Water InitiativePeople & Water Initiative

•• slogan: slogan: to keep water in countrysideto keep water in countryside

•• criticism of „concrete lobby“criticism of „concrete lobby“ –– refusal of refusal of

dams made of stone or concrete, even small dams made of stone or concrete, even small

onesonesonesones

•• uncoordinated building of ineffective, lowuncoordinated building of ineffective, low--

quality facilities, sometimes even considered quality facilities, sometimes even considered

dangerousdangerous

•• broadly disputed initiativebroadly disputed initiative


•• low quality of low quality of „„solutionssolutions““


•• disputable durability and effectivnesdisputable durability and effectivnes


–– „constructions“ „constructions“ generously funded from state budget generously funded from state budget ––quite contrary to underfinanced traditional state quite contrary to underfinanced traditional state organisations and enterprisesorganisations and enterprises

–– majority of the projects submited by municipalities, but majority of the projects submited by municipalities, but the in close cooperation with People & Waterthe in close cooperation with People & Water

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attentionThank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

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