NATIONAL PARKS OF MONTENEGRO

REGULATION

� Law on Environment, (Official Gazette of Montenegro 48/08),

� Law on Nature Protection adopted by the Parliament of

Montenegro on 22 August 2008 (Official Gazette of

Montenegro 51/08)

� Law on National Parks (Official Gazette of Montenegro 56/09

of 14 August 2009)

� Law on Spatial Development and Construction of Structures

(Official Gazette of Montenegro 51/08 of 22 August 2008)

� National Biodiversity Strategy with the Action Plan

REGULATION

� Law on Freshwater Fishery (Official Gazette of the Republic

of Montenegro 011/07-9)

� Law on Game and Hunting (Official Gazette of Montenegro

052/08-1)

� Law on Forests (Official Gazette of the Republic of

Montenegro 055/00-39)

� Law on Marine Fisheries and Mariculture (Official Gazette of

Montenegro 56/09)

� Law on Strategic Environmental Assessment, (Official

Gazette of Montenegro 80/05)

� Law on Environmental Impact Assessment (Official Gazette

of Montenegro 80/05)

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS

No. Name of multilateral agreement status

1. Convention on Biological Diversity ratified

2. Cartagena Protocol on Convention on Biological Diversity ratified

3. Convention on Migratory Species-CMS ratified

4. Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern convention)

ratified

5. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands ratified

6. Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural Heritage

ratified

7. European Landscape Convention ratified

8. Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES Convention)

ratified

9. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa

ratified

10. Convention of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS)

ratified

CATEGORIZATION OF PROTECTED AREAS

� Strict reserve -IUCN I

� Special reserve - IUCN IV

� National park - IUCN II

� Regional park – IUCN IV

� Natural monument - IUCN III

� Park of nature - IUCN V

� Protected habitat - IUCN V

� Area of exceptional characteristics – IUCN III

PROTECTED AREAS

Level Protected natural asset SurfacePercentage of

representation

National level of

protectionNational parks 101.733ha 7.365%

Monuments of nature7.741,357

ha0.6 %

Areas of exceptional natural characteristics 322.5 ha 0.02 %

Other protected areas – protected by municipal

regulations15.000 ha 1.08%

Strict nature reserves 650 ha 0.03 %

Internationally

protected areas

The Tara river catchments area, M&B UNESCO

Biosphere Reserve, including the NP Durmitor

with the river canyon

182.889 ha 0.047 %

National park „Skadarsko jezero” - Ramsar

area (List of wetland areas of international

importance, especially as a water birds habitat)

40.000 ha

The Kotor – , Municipality Kotor 15.000 ha

MANAGEMENT OF SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS

� Special purpose spatial plans: the bases for planning land use and implemetation of existing measures are regulated by the special purpose spatial plans. A special purpose spatial plan provides guidelines for a special regime of development and use (Law on Spatial Development and Construction of Structures, Article 21);

� Protected areas management plans: are adopted for a period of five years. The management plan provides guidelines based on which the following are adopted:

� Annual management plans, which are harmonized with the Management plans and Special purpose spatial plans (Article 65 of the Law on Nature Protection).

MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL PARKS

� The national parks are managed by the Public Enterprise

for National Parks Management of Montenegro, founded by

the Parliament of Montenegro, with 4 management units

managing those area

� Areas with a lower category of protection located at the

territory of a local self-government unit are declared by a

decision of the local self-government unit assemblies,

pursuant to a previously obtained approval of the ministry

competent for environment protection and opinion of the

ministry competent for agriculture, forestry and water

management (Article 55 of the Law on Nature Protection).

Previous experience has shown that management of these

areas is mainly unsatisfactory, often weak and incomplete

NATIONAL PARKS

� NP Durmitor (1952)

� NP Biogradska gora (1952)

� NP Lovćen (1952)

� NP Skadar lake (1983)

� NP Prokletije (2009)

NATIONAL PARK „DURMITOR”

� Covers an area of 39,000 hectares

� The river Tara and its canyon (the

deepest in Europe and the second deepest

in the world) valley were under UNESCO’s

”Man and Biosphere“ programme, in 1977

� The National Park Durmitor was inscribe

in the List of the World’s cultural and

natural heritage in 1980

� Mountain peaks out of which 48 are

above 2,000 m and among them the

highest ”Bobotov kuk“ with 2,525 m

� 18 glacial lakes called ” Mountain eyes“

� The richness of flora and fauna

� 1,300 species of vascular plants

most of them are endemic and relic

species

� Number of the cultural monuments

dating from ancient times up to now

NATIONAL PARK „DURMITOR”

National park „Biogradska gora”

� Occupies an area of 5,650 hectares

� Included in the World’s natural heritage and international ecological programme called ”Man and Biosphere”

� Primeval Biogradska gora forest covers 1,600 ha and represents one of the last three primeval forests in Europe

� Biogradsko lake is situated in the heart of the primeval forest, the biggest and the best known in the range of the glacial lakes within the National Park

� Peaks over 2,000m high with several glacier lakes

� About 2,000 plant species most

known is endemic spices of Balkan

peninsula

� 86 species of dendroflora

� National architecture in the villages

and ”katuns”

National park „Biogradska gora”

National park „Lovćen”

� Covers an area of 6,220 ha

� It is situated among Skadar

basen, Bokokotorska Bay and

Budva’s riviera

� Two highest peaks Stirovnik

(1749m) and Jezerski vrh

(1657m)

� Very rich and various floral

(about 1.300 species) and

animal world

� The cultural-historical heritage

represents the significant value

�Such as The old road toward Kotor

winds uphill to Njegusi, a picturesque

mountain village, the born house of

Petar II Petrovic Njegos, an important

Montenegrin ruler and poet, and the

last ruler of Montenegro the King

Nikola I Petrovic

National park „Lovćen”

National park „Skadarsko jezero”

� Skadar Lake was inscribed in the World’s list of Wetlands of International Importance by the Ramsar Convention in 1996

� Two thirds of the Lake belongs to Montenegro (coastal area of 40,000 ha), whereas one third belongs to the Republic of Albania

� linked with the Adriatic Sea through the River Bojana

� The Lake features a crypto-depression - some parts of its bottom are lower than the sea level

� Richness of ornithofauna and

ichthyofauna and luxuriant swamp type

vegetation

� ”Birds’ paradise“ for almost 264 bird

species, out of which the greatest

number is rare and endangered most

known is Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus

crispus)

� 48 fish species along with autochthon

species- carp (Cyprinus carpio) and

bleak (Alburnus alburnus alborella)

National park „Skadarsko jezero”

NATIONAL PARK „PROKLETIJE”

� 16.630 ha

� the highest peak in

Montenegro, Zla Kolata at

2,534m

� 6 small glacial lakes of which

especially stand out lakes

Hridsko, Plavsko and Visitorsko

� Around 2,000 plant species are found in

the range and 225 are flora endemics.

� 140 species of butterflies are found

which makes Prokletije the richest area in

Europe for butterflies

NATIONAL PARK „

PROKLETIJE”

MAIN CHALLENGES AND

PROBLEMS

� Antropopressure-touristic circulation of people(building of capacities)

� Illegal building in protected areas with other kinds of spatial devastation

� Forest fires

� Illegal wood cutting in forests and illegal hunting

ONGOING PROJECTS

� Project "Strengthening the sustainability of the Protected

Areas System of Montenegro (PAS)“ is under way, whose aim

is to ensure higher quality management of protected areas

� This project is aimed at providing support to entities at the

national and local level in view of defining an optimal model of

management system for the protected areas, starting from

the obligations stemming from the transposition of the

relevent EU legislation into the national framework and

obligations on the grounds of implementation of EU

Convention on Biological Diversity

� The results of the project will represent an important element

in the reform of the management system of protected areas,

pursuant to the newly adopted Law on Nature Protection.

THANK YOU!