National Parks Final

8/2/2019 National Parks Final

1/22

Click to edit Master subtitle style

3/14/12

National Parks

By NIRAJ


2/22

3/14/12


3/22

3/14/12

In 1872, Yellowstone National Park was established as the

world's first truly national park. When news of the naturalwonders of the Yellowstone were first promulgated, the landwas part of a federally governed territory. Unlike Yosemite,there was no state government that could assumestewardship of the land, so the federal government took ondirect responsibility for the park, a process formally

completed on October 1, 1890the official first national parkof the United States. It took the combined effort and interestof conservationists, politicians and especially businessesnamely, the Northern Pacific Railroad, whose route throughMontana would greatly benefit by the creation of this newtourist attractionto ensure the passage of that landmark

enabling legislation by the United States Congress to createYellowstone National Park. Theodore Roosevelt, already anactive campaigner and so influential as good stump speakerswere highly necessary in the pre-telecommunications era,was highly influential in convincing fellow Republicans andbig business to back the bill.


4/22

3/14/12

NATIONAL PARKSvA national parkis a reserve of natural, semi-natural,

or developed land that a sovereign state declares or

owns. Although individual nations designate their own

national parks differently (for example, see Martin

Luther King, Jr. Memorial in the United States), an

international organization, the International Union for

Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and its World

Commission on Protected Areas, has defined National

Parks as its category II type of protected areas. While

ideas for this type of national park had been

suggested previously, the United States established

the first such one, Yellowstone National Park,in 1872.


5/22

Click icon to addpicture

3/14/12

HistoryvIn 1969 the IUCN (International Union for the

Conservation of Nature and Natural

Resources) declared a national park to be a

relatively large area with particular defining

characteristics. A national park was deemed

to be a place

vwith one or several ecosystems not materially

altered by human exploitation and occupation,

where plant and animal species,

geomorphological sites and habitats are of

special scientific, educative and recreative

interest or which contain a natural landscape

of great beauty.

vthe highest competent authority of the

country has taken steps to prevent or

eliminate exploitation or occupation as soon

as possible in the whole area and to

effectively enforce the respect of ecological,

geomorphological, or aesthetic features which

have led to its establishment.

vvisitors are allowed to enter, under special

conditions, for inspirational, educative,


6/22


3/14/12

HistoryContinued

vIn 1971 these criteria were

further expanded upon

leading to more clear and

defined benchmarks to

evaluate a national park.

These include:

va minimum size of 1,000

hectares within zones in

which protection of nature

takes precedence

vstatutory legal protection

va budget and staff


7/22

3/14/12

vIn 1835, the English poet William Wordsworth described the Lake

District as a

vsort of national property, in which every man has a right and

interest who has an eye to perceive and a heart to enjoy.

vThe painter George Catlin, in his travels through the AmericanWest, wrote during the 1830s that the Native Americans in the

United States might be preserved

v(by some great protecting policy of government) ...in a

magnificent park ...A nation's Park, containing man and beast, in

all the wild and freshness of their nature's beauty!

vSimilar ideas were expressed in other countriesin Sweden, for

instance, the Finnish-born Baron Adolf Erik Nordenskjold madesuch a proposition in 1880. The Scottish-American naturalist ohn


8/22

3/14/12

The first effort by any government to set aside suchprotected lands was in the United States, on April 20, 1832,when President Andrew Jackson signed legislation that the22nd United States Congress had enacted to set aside foursections of land around what is now Hot Springs, Arkansas

to protect the natural, thermal springs and adjoiningmountainsides for the future disposal of the US government.It was known as the Hot Springs Reservation. However nolegal authority was established and federal control of thearea was not clearly established until 1877.The next effort by any government to set aside such

protected lands was, again, in the United States, whenPresident Abraham Lincoln signed an Act of Congress onJune 30, 1864, ceding the Yosemite Valley and the MariposaGrove of Giant Sequoias (later becoming the YosemiteNational Park) to the state of California:


9/22


3/14/12

10 most beautiful nationalparks


10/22


3/14/12

Yellowstone

nationalpark

vEven with the creation of Yellowstone,

Yosemite, and nearly 37 other national parksand monuments, another 44 years passed

before an agency was created in the United

States to administer these units in a

comprehensive way the U.S. National Park

Service (NPS). Businessman Stephen Mather

and his journalist partner Robert Sterling Yardpushed hardest for the creation of the NPS,

writing then-Secretary of the Interior Franklin

Knight Lane about such a need and

spearheading a large publicity campaign for

their movement. Lane invited Mather to come

to Washington, DC to work with him to draft andsee passage of the National Park Service

Organic Act, which the 64th United States

Congress enacted and which President

Woodrow Wilson signed into law on August 25,

1916. Of the 397 sites managed by the National

Park Service of the United States, only 58 carrythe designation of National Park


11/22


3/14/12

Zion angels

nationalpark

vZion National Parkis a

national park located in the

Southwestern United States,

near Springdale, Utah. A

prominent feature of the 229-

square-mile (593 km2) park is

Zion Canyon, 15 miles (24 km)

long and up to half a mile (800

m) deep, cut through the

reddish and tan-colored

Navajo Sandstone by the

North Fork of the Virgin River.

Located at the junction of the

Colorado Plateau, Great Basin,


12/22


3/14/12

Arches

nationalpark

vArches National Parkis a

U.S. national park in eastern

Utah. It is known for

preserving over 2000 natural

sandstone arches, including

the world-famous Delicate

Arch, in addition to a variety

of unique geological

resources and formations.

vThe park is located near

Moab, Utah, and is 119

square miles (310 km2) in

size. Its highest elevation is

5,653 feet (1,723 m) at


13/22


3/14/12

Yosemite

NationalPark

vYosemite National Parkis

a national park spanning

eastern portions of

Tuolumne, Mariposa and

Madera counties in east

central California, United

States. The park covers an

area of 761,266 acres

(308,073 ha) and reaches

across the western slopes of

the Sierra Nevada mountain

chain. Yosemite is visited by

over 3.5 million people each

year, many of whom only


14/22


3/14/12

Denali

NationalPark

vDenali National Park and

Preserve is located in Interior

Alaska and contains Mount

McKinley (Denali), the tallest

mountain in North America. The

park and preserve together

cover 9,492 mi (24,585 km).

vThe word Denali means the

great one in the native

Athabaskan language and

refers to the mountain itself.

The mountain was named after

president William McKinley of

Ohio in 1897 by local


15/22


3/14/12

GrandCanyon

NationalPark

vGrand Canyon National

Parkis one of the United

States oldest national parks

and is located in Arizona.

Within the park lies the Grand

Canyon, a gorge of the

Colorado River, considered to

be one of the major natural

wonders of the world. The

park covers 1,902 mi (4927

km) of unincorporated area in

Coconino County and Mohave

County.

vMost visitors to the ark come


16/22


3/14/12

BadlandsNational

Park

vBadlands National Park,

in southwest South Dakota,

United States preserves

244,000 acres (98,740 ha)

of sharply eroded buttes,

pinnacles, and spires

blended with the largest

protected mixed grass

prairie in the United States.

vThe Badlands Wilderness

protects 64,144 acres

(25,958 ha) of the park as a

designated wilderness area

and is the site of the


17/22


3/14/12

Biscayne

NationalPark

vBiscayne National Parkis a U.S. National

Park located in southern Florida, due east ofHomestead. The park preserves Biscayne Bay,

one of the top scuba diving areas in the United

States. Ninety-five percent of the park is water.

In addition, the shore of the bay is the location

of an extensive mangrove forest. The park

covers 207 mi (700 km).

vElliott Key, the parks largest island, is

considered the first of the true Florida Keys

being formed from fossilized coral reef, i.e. Key

Largo limestone. The islands farther north in

the park are transitional islands of coral and

sand.

vThe major attraction of the park is scuba

diving or snorkeling on the coral reef inside

the bay. It is also possible to take a glass-

bottom boat tour of the bay, or rent kayaks to

explore the bay and the islands (Florida Keys)

in it. While accessing the historic homes of

Stiltsville is currently not allowed by casual


18/22


3/14/12

HawaiiVolcanoes

NationalPark

vHawaii Volcanoes National

Park, established in 1916, is a

United States National Park

located in the U.S. State of

Hawaii on the island of Hawaii.

It displays the results of

hundreds of thousands of

years of volcanism, migration,

and evolutionprocesses that

thrust a bare land from thesea and clothed it with

complex and unique

ecosystems and a distinct

Ancient Hawaiian culture.


19/22


3/14/12

Acadia

NationalParkvAcadia National Park

preserves much of Mount

Desert Island, and associated

smaller islands, off the

Atlantic coast of Maine.

Originally inhabited by the

Wabanaki people, the area

includes mountains, an

ocean shoreline, woodlands,

and lakes. In addition to

Mount Desert Island, the

park comprises much of the

Isle au Haut, a small island to


20/22

3/14/12

National parks in IndiavIndia's first national park (an IUCN category II

protected area) was established in 1936 as Hailey

National Park, now known as Jim Corbett National Park.

By 1970, India only had five national parks. In 1972,

India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project

Tiger to safeguard the habitats of conservation reliant

species. Further federal legislation strengthening

protections for wildlife was introduced in the 1980s. As

of April 2007, there are 96 national parks. All national

park lands encompass a combined 38,029.18 km,

1.16% of India's total surface area.

v


21/22

3/14/12


22/22


3/14/12

Thank You

National Parks Final

Documents

Transcript of National Parks Final