UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park

JACKSON TRAIL

CHAKCELLGFcSVILLE BATTLEFIELD

T. Sutton Jett Historical Assistant

The V and X II Federal Corps, which had moved out from Chancellors-

v i l l a in the d irectio n o f Fredericksburg on the morning o f May 1 , received' V k ' i.‘:'

orders in the e a r ly afternoon to return to C h an ce llo rev ilie , and entrench(1)

to await the attack of the Confederate fo rc e s . General Robert E. Lee,’ > . ' ■ " ' • - • nM

with Ander8on*s and ifcLaws’ D ivisions o f Longstreet*s I Corps, and Jack-

eon*s I I Corps (excepting P a rly ’ s D ivision) followed up th is r e tr e a t , and

took up the fo llow ing p o sitio n which was held daring the night o f May 1 - 2 ,

18 6 3. Jackson, moving up the Plank Road, reached a p o sitio n s l ig h t ly

northwest o f A ld r ic h * s .^ Anderson and McLaws moved west toward Chancel-

lo r s v i l l e and bivouacked the night o f May 1 - 2 to the north and south o f

the Turnpike, th e ir lin e crossin g that road near i t s in tersec tio n with

the old Furnace Road ("McGee* 8 " ) . ^

During the night o f May 1-2 i t was decided that a d ire ct a ttack on

C h an cello rsv ille would be im practicable, and Jackson*s famous turning

(*))movement was decided upon. The purpose o f t h is study i s to e sta b lish * **

(1 ) O ff ic ia l Records o f the a r o f the R ebellion , S e rie s 1 , Volume XXV, Part 1 , '.Washington, Government prin tin g O ffic e , 1889, pp 507, 670 (see Appendix I)

(2 ) O ff ic ia l Records o f the .a r o f the R ebellion , S e rie s 1 , Volume XXV, Part 1 , Washington, Government P rin tin g O ffic e , 1889, p 797 (See Appendix I I )

'■ r, ; -S'1-. •> ... -!--V P**V V / *' • • ' r' ‘ - , a-' " \ -v . • ' .(3) O ff ic ia l Records of the Var o f the R ebellion , S e rie s 1 , Volume XXV,

Part 1 , Washington, Government P rin tin g O ffice , 1889, p 94O (See Appendix I I I )

. v r . - * . j . > r ^ r . . v. V • - I f . - ' .! : / * ' . - »■, • 7 i ^ • \ . •. ; ' r

(4) O ff ic ia l Records o f the Kar o f the R ebellion , S e rie s 1 , Volume TXT, Part 1 , Washington, Government P rinting O ffice , 1889, p 862 (See Appendix IV)

(5) O ff ic ia l Records of the Aar o f the R eb ellion , S e rie s 1 , Volume XXV, Part 1 , 'ashington, Government P rin tin g O ffice , 1889, p 797 (See Appendix V)

d e fin ite ly the route followed by Jackson*e I I Corps the next day, May 2 ,

18G3* to gain the righ t flan k o f the Federal Army located on the Turnpike

west o f Wilderness Church.

Jed Hotchkiss, Jack so n 's Topographical Engineer, i s more c lo se ly

connected with the lo catio n o f su ita b le roads over which the Confederate

I I Corps passed than any other o f f i c e r . ^ Hotchkiss s ta te s h is p a r t ic i­

pation in th is Tory preeminent featu re o f the C h an ce llo rsv llle Campaign

in a le t t e r w ritten to Lieutenant Colonel G. F . R. Henderson, which

Colonel Henderson includes in h is l i f e o f Jackson. Hotchkiss w rite s

that Jackson requested him to go to Catherine Furnace, only two m iles

o f f , and inquire o f a Mr. Weiford who liv e d th ere , whether there was a

road by which he could ee cre tly paws around C h an cello rsT ille to tha v i ­

c in ity o f Old W ilderness Tavern. He fu rth er s ta te s that he had a map of

the area which had been prepared by engineers from actu al surveys, show­

ing a l l the public roads, but with few d e ta ils o f the intermediate topog­

raphy. K r. te lfo rd pointed out a road he had recen tly cut through the

woods to supply h is icon furnace. Hotchkiss r e la te s that he returned to

Lee end Jackson and indicated on the map what Mr. Telford had shown him.

Jackson seemed s a t i s f ie d with the newly discovered road, and indicated

(1 ) L t . Col. G. F . 5 . Henderson* Stonewall Jackscn and the 'j&erlc&n C iv i l War, New York, Longmans, Green end Company, I909, Volume I I , p 43I (see Appendix 7 1 )

P ro fesso r R. L . Dabney; L ife and l e t t e r s of L t . Gen. T h o m a s j . Jackson, New York, B lelock and Company, lBfob, p £>75 (See Appendix Ttt)

Mary Anne Jackson; llemolrs o f Stonewall Jackson, by h is w ife , L o u is v il le , K y ., The Prentice P ress, 1895, pp 420, 4 2 ! (see Appendix V III)

that fee would use I t fo r h is movement. Hotchkiss prepared a map o fID

the C h an eello rav ille B a t t le f ie ld on which fee ind icated the route o f the

I I Confederate corps, and th is map accompanied the report made fey General(2)

Robert E. Lee on the C h an eellorsT ille Campaign.

I t should fee d e fin ite ly understood that th is study i s not fo r the

purpose o f s e t t l in g any dispute a s to the circumstances surrounding the

l a s t council of war between Generals Lee and Jackson on the night o f ttqr

1 . I t i s re ry d e fin ite ly fo r the purpose o f e stab lish in g what roads

Jackson used in moving around the Federal Amy , May 2 , 18 6 3. With th is

in mind, and the fa c t te s t Hotchkiss i s very c lo se ly t ie d to the finding

o f a su ita b le route fo r the movement, and that he drew up a map on which

he indicated the roads used fey Jackson which was deemed accurate enough

to accompany the report o f the commanding general o f the / r a j of Northern

V irg in ia , ^ w e sh a ll fo llow the route indicated by Hotchkiss and include

the supporting evidence.

Around dayligh t on the morning o f May 2 , Jackson began h is march from

(1 ) L t . Col. G. F . R. Henderson, stonewall Jackson and the American C iv i l War, New Torte, Longmans, Green and"company, 1909, Volume I I , pp 4 3 I , 432 . (See Appendix VI)

(2 ) A tlas to accompany the O ff ic ia l Records o f the Union an? Confederate Armies, P la te XLI (See photostated map in Appendix)

(3 ) A tlas to accompany the O ff ic ia l Records of the Union and. Confederate Armies, l i e t e XLI ( See photostated map in Appendix)

]

s l ig h t ly northwest of A ldrich ’ s , to the in tersectio n o f the Furnace and

Plank R o a d s T h e column was delayed fo r some time by the n ecessity

o f deploying sev era l regiments o f General Rodes* D i v i s io n ,^ but between

seven and eight o ’ clock the column moved bn by the Furnace Road in the

d irectio n o f Catherine Furnace. From the Catherine Furnace the column

proceeded by the Furnace Road to I t s in tersectio n with the Brock R o a d .^

A fter reaching the Brock Road the column moved to the south by that road

fo r three*tenths o f a m ils , and then turned sharp ly to the righ t in to a

road which p a r a lle ls the Brock Road fo r a d istance o f two and a h a lfI Rl

m iles , where i t reen ters that road. '

(1 ) O ff ic ia l »scorda o f the War o f the R ebellion , Series 1 , Volume X JJ , Part 1 , ’ ashington, Government P rin tin g O ffice , 1889, pp 900,894,940, 95 l , 9G6 , 98 l , 1004 , 1020,920 (see Appendix I I )

(2 ) O ff ic ia l Records o f the fa r o f the R ebellion , S e rie s 1 , Volume XXV, Part 1 , Washington, Government P rin tin g O ffice , 1889, PP 934 ,995 (See Appendix I )

(3) O ff ic ia l Records o f the Far o f the R ebellion , S e rie s 1 , Volume XXV, Part 1 , reshins-.ton, Government P rin tin g O ffice , 1889, pp 798,894,900, 9 15 ,920 ,9 29 ,9 40 ,9 51,9 66 ,9 69 ,9 75 ,1004 ,1020 ,1027 (See Appendix XI)

(4) O ff ic ia l Records o f the Aar of ii»e nebeiiion , se r ie » 1 , Volume XIV, Part 1 , Washington, Government P rin tin g O ffic e , 1883, pp IOO4, 798 (See Appendix XII)

(5) Alexander, E. P .; FA l i t ary llcrooirs o f a Confederate, Ifew York, Charles S crib n ers ’ sons, ìg iò . 'p p 329,330 (see Appendix X III)

O ff ic ia l Records o f the ar o f the R ebellion , C aries 1 , Volume XXV, Part 1 , '.'eshington, Government P rin tin g O ffice , 1889, f 821 (Bee Ap­pendix X III)A tlas to accompany the O ffic ia l Reports o f the Uhlon and confederateArmies, P la te XI.Il i s e , Jennings Cropper; The Long Arm o f Lee, Volume 1 , Lynchburg, V a ., J .P .B e l l C o ., In c ., I9 15 , p 46s (See Appendix H I I )Dodge, Theodore A; The Campaign o f C h a n c e llo rsv illc , Boston, James R. Osgood & Co., l8 8 l , p 70 \mS Appendix X l l i jBigelow, John; Hie Campaign of C h an ce llo rsv ille , Kew Haven, Yale Uni­v e r s it y P re ss ; London: Henry Frowde, Oxford U n iversity P ress, 19 10 .

aps 17 , p 289; l*ip l8 , f 292; Vap 19 , p 3 0 1 . (cee Appendix X III)

4

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■.hen Jackson*8 column reached the junction o f the Plank end Brock

Roads a h a lt woe c e lle d . I t was during th is period that Titzkugh Lee

took Stonewall Jackson to a height on the Old Burton Farm from which

i t was p o ssib le to observe the Federal righ t flan k on the Turnpike west

of the 'lld ern ess c h u r c h .^ From th is Plank-Brock Road in tersectio n

12)the column pushed to the northweat u n t il i t reached the Turnpike,/. ’ : • -’Ki‘ '•* " ■ - K ' ' • • r' . ....where i t again turned sharp ly to the r ig h t and moved to the east in the

d irectio n of C h an ce llo rsv ille by the T u r n p ik e .^

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. <■ , ■■ V f • ■ . . • .*,••••..... ■ ■'....... ■" — » ■■■■■■■■— ■„ — ...— — ...... ■■■ ■■■■■.■■ - ■ ■■ - >— ■■■ :■ .1 1M-,

, ” !-» V;£y. ;■ 1 ' ^ - V.' r“ ' ' ;J- •'. v. • .-// * - '(1 ) O ff ic ia l Records o f the Aar o f the R ebellion , S e rie s 1 , Volume XXV,

Part 1 , lashingtoEL, Government P rin tin g O ffice , 1889, p 94O (See appendix XIV)

Lee, General 'itzbughj a h a n c e llo re v ille . Address o f General Fltzfaugh Lee Before the V irg in ia D ivision , A.F.V. A ssociation , October 29 . i^ 7 9# ’ Southern H isto r ic a l society Papers, Volume 7 , Richmond, V a ., James X. Goode, 1887 (See Appendix XIV)

Lee, FJLtshugh; Genercl Lee, Few York, T>. Appleton and Company, 1894 Pp 247, 248 (Bee Appendix XIV)

(2 ) O ff ic ia l Records o f the aar o f the R eb ellion , se r ie s 1 , Volume OV,Fart 1 , Washington, Government P rin tin g O ffice , 1889, pp 385,920 ,991, 966,970,1020,798 (see Appendix XT)

(3) O ff ic ia l Records of the a r of the R eb ellion , S e rie s 1 , Volume XXV, F a rt 1 , Washington, Government P rin tin g Office, 1889, pp 894,900,920, 069-970,738 (roo vpendix X7I)

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TJith the a id o f the Hotchkiss and other maps, a thorough reconnois-

sance was Bade o f the f i e l d . This research revealed tra c e s o f old roads,■ *• * - • . ? I ■ ' ■ .fo llow ing the route as indicated by Hotchkiss. In comparing the d is ­

tances re g iste re d on these roads by an automobile speedometer with those

The fig u re s

MapMeasure

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1 . 62.6

•31 .51 .

4 -This alone would go a long way in e sta b lish in g the roads as the

ones Hotchkiss in d ieates on h is a sp . The signed statements included

here, and made by descendents o f men who hare liv e d along th is route,

g ive added proof. The Hotchkiss mpp, which Robert E. Lee attached to

h is o f f i c i a l report on the B a ttle o f C h an ce llo rsv ille and which i s now

a part o f that com pilation o f source m aterial in the O ffic ia l Records

o f the War o f the R eb ellion , in d ieates the use o f th is road. The route

i s a ls o confirmed by the w ritten rep orts o f o f f ic e r s , with the exception

o f that part which runs p a r a l i s i to and to the southwest o f the Brock

re g iste re d by a map measure, s tr ik in g s im ila r ity was found,

are a s fo llo w s :

CarSpeedometer

A ld ric h 's to ths Furnace-Plank RoadIn tersectio n . . ....................... .8

Furnace-Plank Road In tersectio n toCatherine Furnace l . j j

Catherine Furnace to Rrodk Road 2 .8Along Brock Road (south) .................................... . 3Brock Road to T r ig g 's 1 . 5T r ig g 's to Brock R o ad ........... • • • • • ......................... .§Brock Road to Turnpike ................ 2 .7Brock-Turnpike In tersectio n to L u ek ett's . . . . .8L u ck e tt 's to Slocum's Log Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 .6

13 .9

6

Hoad past Trigg»a and Stephana** This part o f the route i s upheld by

S . P* Alexander in h i* Memoirs, and E. P, Alexander accompanied the I I

Confederate Corps on th is march.

COPY OF SIGHED STATEMENT

I have always liv e d in the v ic in i t y o f the C h an ce llo rsv ille B a tt le ­

f ie ld , and was born and ra ise d on the Stephens place which i s indicated

on the Jed Hotchkiss map o f the C h an ce llo rsv ille B a t t le f ie ld .

I have often heard my fa th e r , who was l iv in g a t the house during

the b a t t le , speak o f Jackson*« troops marching by the house.

The road as maintained by the National Park Serv ice i s on the road­

bed o f the one always indicated to me as the road Jackson used.

Signed: W. f . Stephens

Ju ly 12 , 1935

COFY OF SIGHED STATEESEHF

I was born and ra ise d on the Stephens p lace which ie indicated on the

Jed Eotekkiss map of the C h an ce llo rsv ille B a t t le f ie ld . At the time o f the

B a ttle o f C h an ce llo rsv ille my fa th er was l iv in g in th is house, and I have

heard him speak often o f Jackson*a Corps marching through the p lace . A

more v iv id memory, however, i s that of two old colored people, s la v e s o f

my grandfather, who to ld o f the troops marching by. One o f th e ir fa v o r ite

s to r ie s was concerning the robbing o f the hen house by some o f the Confed­

erate so ld ie r s . This old s lav e made an e f fo r t to save the chickens, and

in slamming the door caught the foot o f one of the so ld ie rs in the door.

The road being developed by the National Park Service i s on the roadbed

■ : v-;

o f the old road always pointed oat to me as the road used by Jackson

fo r the flan k march.

Signed: G. Day Stephens

Ju ly 12 . 1935

COPT OF SIGHED STATS "HOT

I was born and liv e d u n t il e a r ly manhood ju st north o f the Old

Furnace Hoad, and have spent my whole l i f e in the v ic in ity o f the Chan-' ‘ .* . • §

c e l lo r s v i l le B a t t le f ie ld . From boyhood I have heard my e ld ers speak of

that b a tt le time and time again , and e s p e c ia lly o f the famous flan k

movement made by stonewall Jackson*s Corps on May 2 , 18 6 3 . The road

that Jackson used fo r t h is march has been pointed out to me so many• v ,

times by those who were old enough to remember that i t has become as■ •. : .:r,*r '~ .. - v / ’ .

fa m ilia r to me in that connection as the Brock Road which runs by my

home i s fa m ilia r as an approach to my home.

I have followed the a c t iv i t i e s o f the national Park Service in

acquiring the land along th is road. Their knowledge o f the road coin­

c id es with mine, and the proposed Jackson T r a i l i s on the roadbed known

to ms as the one used by Jackson fo r h is flan k march.

■ W Signed: B. L . Haney

Colonel John Bigelow, J r . , who has undoubtedly made the f in e s t

study o f the C h an cello reville Campaign, in d icates t l at Jackson moved to

the southwest o f the Prock Hoed, a s i s indicated by Hotchkiss. Ma»$rv*'f' **<r *y 1 - ' w ' * >

other more secondary w rite rs in d icate that Jackson moved by th is route.

A ll the evidence considered, there seems to be no reasonable doubt o f

In designating the eenter l in e o f so old a road sev era l d i f f i c u l ­

t ie s arose which n ecessitated the use o f one*a own Judgment, a s can b#

found in a l l country roads the n a tives have often driven around the had

spots, thereby leavin g severa l t r a c ts leading back; in to the main stem.

In these in stan ces the p o licy o f se le ctin g the o ld est looking road, as

determined by the e x is t in g cu t, has been fo llow ed. In one ease , where

the road leaves the Brock to the southwest o f t : a t road, two p a ra lle lin g

roads were found which f in a l l y merged in to the sin g le t r a i l . In th is\ ' * - ' . •

case a road has been constructed between these two branches since i t

would not bo determined which branch was used by Jackson. Immediately

fo llow ing th is problem our d i f f i c u l t ie s were enhanced by the fe e t th at

B. T. .Vakeman, the adjoin ing property owner, refused to donate the land

along the old Jackson T r a i l , a s a re su lt o f t h is we s h a ll be forced to

construct our road fa rth e r to the southwest on the property o f Horace

How. The new road, with the same curvature as the o ld , w il l be an aver­

age o f l^O fe e t from the old Jaekson T r a i l which w i l l be v is ib le to the

V is ito r fo r almost the en tire d istance o f 600 yard s.

ih i l e the O ff ic ia l Records and a l l w rite rs are in accord that Jack-

son with the I I Confederate Corps moved in a general northw esterly d l-

reetio n a f te r f i r s t reaching the Brock Road, some w rite rs question that

he moved by the p a ra lle lin g p riva te road west o f the Brock, and e ith e r

s ta te d ire c t ly o r in d icate that he moved by the Brock Hoad a f t e r reach­

ing . V* '•?&•%, v ’K*;

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U )la g that point. The reports o f the commanding o f f ic e r s o f organiza­

tion s present on t h is march are Tagus, a s , we took ap our lin e o f

■ arch acro ss and to the l e f t o f the Plank Hoad, and by the way o f je l-

fo rd ’ s Iron Forge, the enemy sh e llin g us as we passed, thence, by a e i r -

eu itous route o f some 8 or 10 a i l e s we reached the Turnpike.” Probably

the »oat convincing report which night be taken to in d icate that Jackson

moved e x c lu s iv e ly by the Brock Hoad reads, " . . . . . . E arly Saturday morn­

ing (May 2 ) , we again took up the lin e of march, and proceeded on the

Plank road about 1 m ile , when we l e f t i t , taking a road leading to the

l e f t by e furnace in the d irectio n o f Spotsylvania Court House. Follow­

ing th is road some 5 or 6 m iles, we came to another leading d ire c t to

the Plank road, in tersec tin g the same about 4 m iles from C h an e e llo rsv ille ,

a t the junction o f the Culpeper road, which point was reached about 4

o ’ clock in the even in g .* ^

(1 ) Dabney, P ro fessor R .L .; L i fe and Campaigns of L ieu t. Gen. T .J.Ja ck so n (Stonewall Jackson j. Haw York. B leiock and C o..' l8oi>. p kvq isee 'm an m p T b riy "T s a T w artl» XVII)Hamlin, Augustus Choate; The B a ttle of C h a n e e llo rsv ille . Jackson*a ¿ittack, Bangor, Maine, Publ. by the Author, 189b (See Appendix X V III)Cooke, John Esten; Stonewall Jackson, A M ilita ry Biography, Hew York, D. Appleton k C o ., 187k, PP 412 , '!$ 3 (see'Appendix XIX)Henderson, L ieu t, c a l . G .F .R .* Stonewall Jackson and the /American C iv i l a r , Volume 2 , London, Kew York, Bombay, and C alcu tta , I909,Longmans, Green and Company, pp 431 2 3» 432 (See Appendix XX)White, Henry Alexander, M .A., PhD .,P.D .; Robert E. Lee and the South-em Confederacy, Hew York and London, G.P.Put-aan' Sons, 1897, map p 3» 7 p 2G|“T s e t Appendix XXI)

(2 ) O ff ic ia l Records o f the ar o f the R eb ellion , S e rie s 1 , Volume XXV, Part 1 , faehiniiten, Goveruaent P rin tin g O ffic e , 1S89, p 92O (see Ap­pendix XV - Report o f L ie u t. C ol. Forney George)

(3) O ff ic ia l Records of the a r of the R eb ellio n , S e rie s 1 , Volume XXV, Part 1 , Washington, Government P rin tin g O ffice , 1889, p 1020 (See Appendix XXII)

10

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t v, - General Robert E. Lee in b is report s ta te s tb at Jackson marched by theH I

Furnace and Brock Roads* General Lee submitted the Hotchkiss map on«

vhieh i s ind icated the route follow ed by Jackson, however, and i t seams

Improbable that he did not examine the map. Then too, o f course, Jack»

son did move by the Furnace and Brock Roads* I t does not seem strange

that Lee should term i t in t h is manner since Jackson did use the Brock

Road fo r the g rea ter part o f the d istan ce , and a road which p a r a lle ls

i t fo r the re s t o f that d istan ce . The ease i s fu rth e r strengthened by

the fa c t that the p riva te p a ra lle lin g road had no name vhieh would be

known to those who would read h is report*

Taking now the re feren ces given on the foregoing page a s support»

ing the theory th at Jackson moved e n tire ly by the Brock Road a f t e r

reaching th at p o in t, each o f these w riters* opinions sh a ll be d is ­

cussed. P ro fesso r R. L . Dabney, in h is L i fe and Campaigns o f L ieut*

(2)General T. J . Jackson, supports th is theory both by to xt and map.

He su b stan tiates the connection o f Hotchkiss, however, bat then does

not accept the map prepared by him although the Commanding General o f

the Army o f Northern V irg in ia considered the map accurate enough to

submit with the o f f i c i a l report* P rofessor labney was not with Jackson

(1 ) O ff ic ia l Records o f the tear o f the R eb ellion , S e rie s 1 , Volume XXV, Part 1 , Washington, Government P rin tin g O ffice , 1889, p 798 (See Ap­pendix m u )

(2 ) Dabney. P ro f. R. L . : L i fe and Campaigns o f L ie u t . Gen. T. J . Jackson (Stonewall Jackson ). Hew York. B lelock end C o.. 18bb, p b79 . see map on p bbO.(See Appendix XVII)

1 1

a t C h a n e e llo rsv llle , ^ w h e re a s , Hotchkiss «as* To accept Hotchkiss

seems p re fe ra b le . In a paper read before the R. E. Lee Camp Ho. 1 ,

Say 20 , 1306 , by Major T. M. R. T a le o tt , Aide de Camp to General R. E*

Lee, Major T aleott t r i e s to prove th at Hotchkiss had nothing to do s lth

(2)the fin d in g o f the ro u te . He says, however, that "the fa c t that Gen-

. ' ‘’> s * ' '*•' • ’* . " ' A "■ *•; - ‘V ‘ ' • • ‘ » V . 1 '" • > . '*• " r - K V * V vo ra l Jackson did fo llow the route indicated by General Lee i s f u l l y

estab lish ed not only by Botehkiaa* nap, published in 1867» but by o f f i ­

c i a l naps, and by General Lee’ s o f f i c i a l r e p o r t . * ^ Major T aleott e v i­

dently did not know that Hotchkiss had prepared the map that accompanied

General Lee’ s o f f i c i a l re p o rt, w ritten on September 21 , 1863, a s w ell a s

the maps that he included in h is book which was published in 1867.

A. C. Hamlin in The B attle o f C h an ce llo rsv ilie , Jackson’ s Attack,

In d icates that Jackson moved by a l l roads leading from Catherine FurnaceU )as w ell ae along the roadbed o f the Unfinished R ailro ad . I can fin d

no other w rite r who su b stan tiates a sim ila r theory. Hamlin, however,

was w riting p rim arily in defense o f the Federal XI Corps and, o f course,

was in terested in the f in a l phases o f Jackson’ s movement more than the

(1 ) Ib id , Preface v i (see Appendix XXIV)

(2 ) General Lee’ s Strategy a t the B a ttle o f C h an ce llo re v ille , a paper read by reguest before R. E. Lee Camp Ho. 1 , C .V ., May 2 0 , lGOo, by T. M. R. T a le o tt , Major and Aide de Camp to General R. E. Lee, in 1862-63, aad la t e r Colonel l e t Regiment, Engineer Troops, A .B .Y ., Southern H isto r ic a l Society Papers, Volume XXXIV, p 22 (See Appendix XXV)

(3) Ib id , p 21 (See Appendix XX?)

(4) Hamlin, Augustus Choate: The B a ttle of C h a n c e llo rsv ille , Jackson’ e Attack. Bangor, Maine, Published by Author, 189b (See Appendixm u )

12

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%.fci

*' • . . .f t . i f 1-: .•„

‘Si*■ 'KM.'' ;

d>

rout« b« used ift a tta in in g the Ped*r«l r ig h t flank* i any e rro rs «era

notie««* in h is »«Tonal nape*• . \ •. ■; ' •> *J-- ? ■«' • ■•»•>'. '•

/oha ¿»ten Cook» in toe «wall Jackson* M ilita ry Biography. in d i-

eat«« that the rout* followed by Jackson was «long the Brook Food ra th er

than the F r ira to Hoed to the we«t of the Brock* At the time John katen

Oohke wrote hi» book, the O ff ic ia l rtecorde and the «ties to AoeoMpoay the: ‘ . '¿-y ' « , ' J e*\% , • ‘v, * t « * VT%< 1' -V

C f f i e i r l Record» had not been published* Had th is m aterie l been «on liab le

to hi?), hie conclusions might h«oo bean d iffe re n t* ■

lieu ten an t Colonel 0 * F* S* Henderson in ton «wall Jaoksoa and the >mar»

lean C lT il a r stron gly In fer» ia h la tea t that Jacksec otad by the nrock1 « | * -j, . ■ >v - ; '' . . •" -( .

tord e n tire ly * ' Me neea the Mofceh! 1#» *np, hOareror, and supyorte ‘©tehkise*

coaoecUoa with the route* ine« h» e«eepts the map, but iocs not « o m it.

äL " SjL' - - *' '• L '■• . A - ;±-- ■' - : ̂1*; ♦ ' - • •'• • U .h im self in h is n arra tio n , i t would seem that Colonel Henderson wished to

v '-v, • 3«redd the issu s*

• ' ; " ' i *>" ' : 1 '•• ; «-Ä-- • ,' r. ■ ■■■■'■■■V.-.;I t la hollered that i f cas essoflnee the F.otohkiaa asap c lo s e ly , h# w i l l

) • ¿S0 fc r J . '• "c: ;concur that I t might be e a a ily mi a Interpreted* ( o e photostated eopy with

V . 'f .'-.".r ■ ' '.. y. ■ v‘v’ ^th is report*) on th is map the Brock Ro*d opposite the p e re ile lin g p rire te

road in not labelled * Indeed, the snphaeia In the in d ieetion o f ?ackae»*e•• ‘■y •• .. ' V' . ' ‘ •' .. 7 " / V ‘ " ̂ 1 f . h *•’ ' V/ • r ‘ _ •■ . .. ' • • ' ‘ * : j 7 . .

route g lree the "p r ira te " rood the appearance o f being the mein read lead­

ing north* tM s 1« enhanced by Hotchkiss* le t te r in g on the p a ra lle lin gf %*V -¿’ .

road which g lre e to the enauel eye «^pheeie on th is rood* The Brock, o f

eourao, le e foœoue C lr l l war rosd , ana la w e ll known to students o f c i r l l

*ar H lstor, j the "p r lre te roed» i s not*

0 .) Cooks, John ¿»tent De Appleton 4 CO*,

(3 ) He&farson, lie n t* Col* 0« F* R .i Her, turn York, Longmans, r«reen 4

13

' K'--i

! »

*

B I

« f t :

/tPPENDIX I .

Report o f *:ajor General George 3 . Meade, U. S . \tzs?* commanding V ^rray Corps. amp near Falmouth, V a ., May 12 , 1865* 0 . U Voi* :XXV, P 507

** 'Hie next day (May 1 ) , under the orders o f the m ajor-general corn- Bandire, thè corps was put en route to take up a position to uncover Banks* Ford, the l e f t re stin g on the r iv e r , the righ t extending on the ¿-lank ro?>d. or th is purpose, «vices* d iv is io n was ordered on the old I ichstond turnpike u n t il a f te r crossing c tt* s Fun, when he v«a to r»ove tc the l e f t , deploy, ^nd open communication with r i f f i n on h is l e f t and locum on h ie rig h t . . . . . .

These movements were coarse need, about 11 a . a . ~ykes roved out on the old p ik e , ad, a f te r proceeding over m ile, met the enemy’ s s k ir ­mishers . . . . . . .

" . . . . .G e n e r a l tykes reported the condition o f a f f a i r s tc the m ajor- general co. . • Ciding the army, end by hint was ordered to withdraw. This he did in good order, returning to C h a n e e llo rsv iile .n

Report o f e jo r General Henry "S. Slocum, U. S. ;.rmy, co can cling ' I I Corps, ”*ay 17» l 963 . 0 . 3 . V o i. XXV, p b/0

Cm iT id ay , a t 11 a .nt., pursuant to orders, I moved the Twelfth Corns from C h an eello rsv iile toward Fredericksburg, 011 the Ilan k rond.

e met the skirm ishers of the enemy ebout a m ile from the Chancellor louse; foraed in lin e o f b a tt le end advanced, the enemy ¿tolling back

toward the heights o f \rederiekeburg.

” t about I y.m. orders were received to return to our o rig in a llin e . . . . . . rid ay night and Saturday morning .ere spent in strength­ening oufc p o s it io n ."

API'KNDIX I I .

Report o f General ?.. B. Lee, commanding rmy o f lorthern V irg in ia .O.H. V oi. XV, p 797

" . . . . . . . strong attack upon General Mfijews was repulsed with s p ir i tby eranes* brigade, and General r ig h t , by d ire ctio n of General nder- son, diverging' to the l e f t o f the leak road, »»rebed by way of the un­fin ish e d ra ilro a d from redericksburg to C ordonsville , and turned the enemy’ s r ig h t . His whole l in e thereupon retreated rap id ly , v igorou sly pursued by our troops u n til they arrived within about 1 m ile o f Chancel- lo r e v i l l e . "

a

<

Report o f r.rigndjaar IT— »ml -%- jW in ^ .d i f n M a n a i ■ ;. H. S i l l ' s D iv isio n .C.R. f ® l . XV, p 94O

* . . . . . . . emaining in lin e of b a ttle u n til about sunset, the d iv is io nthen resumed i t s flared up the H ask road, * nd bivousckad that night near

Id r ic h ’ s Tavern, about 1 m iles from h a a c e l io r s v i i le .”

A iP U iU IV.

Report o f r ig s d ie r ¡eneral ii lia m shone, ccamaandiag brigade. .¿ .V o l.xxr, p mSt. ; •• • * •> ?r*.- ?y. *•• .■ v . : •• .. - *•-. . . ' • • 1 *v v .* y" . . . . . . he enemy (United, to tes eg u la rs , many o f whoa we captured)was promptly repulsed, and our lin e of b a t t le , now formed, ta a moved rap id ly forward to a point on the turnpike south of C h an ce llo rsv ilie about 1 m iles, known as LeG eo's."

Atmmtz v .

Report o f General obert £ . Lee, eonaaanding Army o f Northern V irg in ia .O.S. Voi. O f , p 798

* I t was evident that a d ire ct a ttack upon the enemy would be a t­tended d th great d i f f ie u l t y and lo s s , in view o f the strength o f h is p o sitio n and h is su p e rio rity of numbers. I t was, th ere fo re , resolved to endeavor to turn h is r ig h t flan k >nd gain h is reel*, leavin g a fo rce in fron t to hold him in check and conceal the movement. The execution of th is plan wes in tru sted to Lieutenunt-Generel J&ekson with fair: three d iv is io n s . . . . . . . . T

‘

Henderson, L ieu t, c o l . G .P.R.» Ltonowall Jackson and the .m erican C iv i l a r , Vol. 2 , Longmans, Green * Co., 30 fa te rn o ster So», ondon, Stew York,

Bombay, end C alcu tta, 1909, pp 4 3 1 , 432

n ’ About daylight on Kay 2 ,* says e jo r Hotchkiss, 'General Jackson awakened me, and requested that I would at cnee go down to Catherine “urnsce, which i s ouite near, and where a colonel Telford liv e d , and as­certa in i f there was any road by which we could se c re tly pass around C h en e ello rsv ille to the v ic in ity o f Old Wilderness Tavern. I had a map, which our engineers had prepared from actu al surveys, o f the surrounding country, showing a l l the public roads, but with few d e ta i ls o f the in te r­mediate topography, leaching r . e i fe r d ' s I aroused him from h is bed, and soon learned that he him self hed recen tly opened a road through the woods in that d irectio n fo r the purpose o f hauling cord wood and iron ore to h ie furnace. This I located on the map, rad having naked Mr. d l- ford i f he would act as a guide i f i t became necessary to march over that

A T tm nx h i .

V

r o s i , I returned to headquarters, -hen I reached those I found Generals Lee and Jackson in conference, each seated on a cracker box, front a p ile which hrd been l e f t there by the Federala the day before , in response to General Jackso n 's request fo r my rep o rt, I put another cracker box be­tween the two gen erals, on which I spread the map, showed them the road I had ascertain ed , and in d icated , so fa r s s I knew i t , the p osition o f the Federal army. Generei Tee then sa id , "General Jackson, what do you pro­pose to do?" He re p lie d , *Go around h ere ," moving h is fin g e r over the rood which I had lose ted upon the map "(1 )

(.1) le t t e r to the author.

APPENDIX V II .

Dabney, I r o f . B .L ., 7).D. : L i fe and Campaigns o f Lieut.-G en. Thoaos J . Jackson, hew York, B lalock ft Co., lOoo, pp ofH»'

" »hen h is chaplain awoke in the morning, before the dawn o f day, he perceived e l i t t l e f i r e kindled under the t re e s , and General Jackson s i t ­tin g by i t upon a box, aneli as was used to contain b isc u it fo r the so ld ie r s . The General knew that h is former p asto ra l lab o rs had led him to th is region, and desired to learn something from him about i t s by-roads. He therefore requested him to s i t beside him on the box; and »hen the other declined to Incommode him by doing so, made room or him . nd repeated, 'Come, s i t down.1 wish to ta lk with y o u .' s he took h is se a t , he perceived that Jackson was shuddering with cold , end «as etabraciug the l i t t l e blaze with expres­sions o f gre<‘t enjoyment. He then proceeded to s te te that the enemy were in great ores a t h an ce llcrs v i l i ® , in a fo r t i f ie d p o sitio n , end t at to dislodge the* by a front a tta ck , would cost a fe a r fu l lo s s o f l i f e . He wished to Seno» »bather he was acquainted with ny way, by which th e ir flan k might be turned, e ith e r cn the righ t or the l e f t . He was in f ormed in re p ly , tfcet s f t e r proceeding southward «long the furnace rued fo r a space, a b lind road would present i t s e l f , leading westward ana n early p a ra lle l to the Grange plank r o d, which, in i t s turn, would conduct into a p lain ** route , that f e l l into the great road four a i l e s above i,iuince l ­io? s v i l l e . The General, qu ickly drawing from h is pocket an ou tlin e map, prepared fo r him by one o f h is engineers, and a p e n c il, sa id , 'Take th is map, and m^rk i t dc-a fo r m e', hhen he saw i t , he sa id , 'That i s too near, i t goes within the lin e o f the enemy's p ic k e ts . I wish to get around w ell to h ie r e - r , without being observed. o you know no other road?* • • . . . . . . He then sa id , 'Go with x . otehkiss (h is topographical engineer)to the furnace, e»certa in whether those roads iaeet, a t what d istan ce, and whether they are p racticab le fo r a r t i l le r y - send r . otchkias back with the in firm ati on, and do you procure me a guide.»"

" he d esired information was speedily obtained; and i t was discoveredthat the twe roads crossed each other a t a d istance o f a few m ile s ; so th a t, by a c ir e u it o f f i f te e n ik iiee , a point would be reached near i ld e r - ness Gun

5

e

APPENDIX T i l l

Jackson, Mary abbs: Memoirs o f ¿stonewall Jackson - by h is widow, L o u is v il le , Kentucky, The Prentic e re e s , l*:'Q?, "pp 4.34, §*f

" In the gray lig h t o f dawn h is chaplain found him s it t in g on a cracker box, and sh ivering over a l i t t l e f i r e . He in v ited Mr, Lacy to take a scat by him, and asked him to g ive h i* a l l the information he could about the by­roads o f thet region - the m in ister being acquainted with the country, as he once had a charge in that v ic in i t y . He took s pen cil and an outlin e map out o f h is pocket, and requested TAr. la c y to mark down a l l the roads fo r h i* .He a lso sent h is topographical engineer, Major Jed Wotehkiss, novs o f neunton, V irg in ia , to inspect the country, and procured the se rv ice s o f a guide from the neighborhood to fin d out some avenua by which he might pass sw ift ly and unobserved around the flank of Hooker*s army.

The needed informetion was soon obtained, Seated upon two cracker boxes, the debris o f an issu e o f Federal ra tio n s the day b efore , the Confed­erate lead ers held th e ir consu ltation , .ith a map before him, Jackson sug­gested tak ing a long c ir c u it , sweeping c le a r around Hooker*» r ig h t , and so m making the attack on h ia re a r* n

t f w m x ix.

(Kote: The time given fo r the beginning o f Jackson*s flen k march v a r ie s withalmost every report. This i s obviously due to the fa c t tint the various u n its had to wait u n t il those in th e ir front got in to lin e and began moving.The a u th o ritie s agree that the heed o f the column turned l e f t at the Furnace Road between 7 8n4 8 a .® . )

Report o f L ieu t. C ol. E. P . Tayloe, 22 V irg in ia B a tta lio n , iJfcy 1 3 , 1 °&3 *0*R* V o l. XXV, p 9OO

* To the accomplishment of th is end, Jackson 's corps (to which the Twenty-Second V irg in ia B a tta lio n was attached) was put in motion about 10 a.m. o f that day (¿«¿ay 2 ), and, leav in g the Plank road to the r ig h t , marched around the road leading by the old furnace . . . . . . . H

Report o f Col. J . M. Brockenbrough, AO V irg in ia In fan try , commanding Heth*s Brigade, May l8 , 18 6 3 . 0 .R* Y o l. XXV, p 894

" At 10 ©‘ clock on the follow ing morning, leaving the turnpike to our righ t end moving upon the old lurnaee roed, we turned the r ig h t flan k

6---- ---- ------------- -

Report o f B r ig . Oen. R, I . Rodes, eoianeBdlBg D, V. H i l l ’ s D iv isio n .G»». v o l. /JCV, p 94C

* ................ bout 8 O 'clock, the route was resumed, t h is d iv is io n s t i l l inadvance. Turning short to the l e f t , about one-half m ile beyond A ldrich*», ve followed the mine ( s ic ) road fo r the purpose of g ettin g on the r ig h t and

4

in rear of Hooker's array. On arriving at the old furnace, on thla road

Report o f Col. iitwerd A. C 'H eal, 26th Alabama Infnntry eojraranding Rodes' Brigade, hay 12 , 1863. O.S, Vol. 2ZY, p J\ 1

? F arly on the morning o f Hay 2 , the brigade was moved forward on the Flank road :bout 1 m ile , and thence, taking a road to the l e f t , passed the furnace

Report o f B r ig . Gen. George Doles, C.S. Array coEraanaing brigade, Lay 9, 18C3. n.K. Y o l. YICW, p 966

.v’v ' ... v-.; v- ■” About 6 a .m ., le y 2 , moved up d ir t road about h a lf a m ile ; f i le d o f f to the l e f t on the urnace road

Report o f Col. C. T. Laehry, 27th Georgia in fa n try , Lay 8, 1S6 3. O.H. vo l.;Wt* p p t

* Ih rly on the 1 s t (Saturday5» we were on the march aga in . Proceeding h a lf a m ile , we turned to the l e f t o f f the Flank roaa and marched around to the weet of C b a n c e llo rsv ille ."

H e p o rt ''8 r ;l« g . Gen. R. R. Colston, C .^ :'Ja i|y coraraanding T r ia b le 's d iv i­sion , Jiny 28, 18 6 3. o .fi. v o l . xxv, p 1004

• • ~r-v 7 •'PT . « “ ‘J - '.•.Y.lft i ,> . •. * • _ _ 5/ y . . ■ ‘ , .? if?-*

* ................ A rriving a t the point where Generals Anderson's and fccLawa* d i­v is io n s were in p o sitio n , we turned to the l e f t by a road leading by Catherine Furnace . . . . . . . ”

Report o f L ieu t. C ol. H. J . Y illia m s, F if t h V irg in ia In fa n try . O.E. Vol.XXV, p 1020

" 'a rty Saturday morning (¿¿ay 2 ) , re again took up the lin e o f snareh, and proceeded on the Plank road about 1 m ile , when we l e f t i t , taking aroad leading to the l e f t by a fu r n a c e ..............

Report o f L ieu t. Colonel Forney George, l 8th Forth Carolina In fan try . O.R* v o i . m , p 320* Between 8 and 3 o ’ clock we took up our lin e o f xaeroh across and to the l e f t o f the Flank road, and by the way o f ”e lfo rd * a Iron Jorge

APPiJIVlX X.

•Report o f ..r ig .Io n . 1?. " . Bodes, 5 , 8 . Army, conaaanding D. H, H i l l ’ s d iv is io n . Ik y 1863. 0.3, V oi. XW, p 941

» At an early hour on the morning o f the 2 d, Iverson ’ s brigade was or» dered to re lie v e Aaraseur's, s t i l l on duty with Anderson in fro n t. Iverson subsequently overtook the d iv is io n on the march, ’.bout 8 O’ c lo ck , the route was resumed, th is d iv is io n s t i l l in a d v a n c e . . . . . . . *

• - . y. ■■ "■* ■ \. K '•' ' ?v: . . • ■ yReport o f B r ig . Gen. A lfred Iverson, 0 , 5 . Army, ccasaanctiag brigade, Fay 1 3 ,1863. o.R. v o i. m , p 984” Immediately e f te r daylight on the morning o f May 2 , I was d irected by General Rodes to re lie v e the brigade o f General Atfuseur, then posted in the fron t and to the rig h t o f the Flank road leading into C h an ce llo rsv ille . . . , *

Report of iir ig . Gen. 3 . D. Famseur, C .S . Army, comandine brigade. O .R.Yol. XXV, P 994

• • . • - -

* Saturday, May 2 , we were re lieved about su n rise , and sh ortly there­a fte r marched by a s e r ie s o f c ircu ito u s rou tes, and with surpassing s tra te g y , to a p osition in the rear o f the enemy, whou, at about 5 p p u

APnQQKX XL.

Report o f General R. S . Lee, coawaading AEwy o f Borthom V irg in ia . O.R, V oi,xxv, ? 798« ................ As the rear o f the tra in was passing the furnace . • • • • • . *

Report of C ol. J . 1». Brockenbrough, 40th V irg in ia In fa n try . O.R, Voi. XXV,p 894* At 10 o 'c lo ck on the fo llow ing morning, leaving the turnpike to our r ig h t , and moving upon the old Furnace road

" ....... To the accomplishment o f th is end, Jackson*a corps {to which theTwentySecond V irg in ia B a tta lio n was attached) was put in motion about 10 a .a . o f that day (May 2), and, leav in g the Plank road to the r ig h t , marched around the road lead ing by the old furnace

Report of Lieut. Col. I . P. Tayloe, 22nd Virginia Battalion. O.R. Vol. XXV,p 900

Report o f B r ig . Gen. James H. Lane, C .S . Army, commanding b rigade, May 1 1 ,1863. o.R. vo l. xxv, p 915* . . . . . . ..N ext morning, a f t e r the a r t i l l e r y f ig h t on our r ig h t , i t wasmarched to the Plank road above C h a n c e llo rsv ilie , by the way o f e lfo r d 'a Iron Forga.

Report of L ie u t. C ol. Forney Gaorga, l8th North Carolina In fa n try , May 9 , 1863. O.R. Vol. XXV, p 920

» Between 8 and 9 o 'c lo ck we took up our l in e o f march acro ss and to the l e f t o f the Plank road, and by the way o f e l fo r d 's Iron Forge, the enemy sh e llin g us a s we passed;

Report o f L ie u t. C ol. H. J . George, F ir s t Tennessee In fan try , P ro v isio n a l Army, May 1 1 , 1863. O.R. V ol. XXV, p 929

" . . . . . . . . Being put in march, we moved to the l e f t o f the Plank road, andin a southwestern d ire ctio n . I h i le on th is c ircu ito u s movement, wc passed an iron foundry. . • • • • • • • • "

Report o f B rig . Gen. R. E. Bodes, C.S. Array, commanding B. H. H i l l 's d iv i­sion , May 1863* O.R. V ol. XXV, p 94O

* • • • • • • • • Turning short to the l e f t , about one-half m ile beyond A ld r ic h 's ,we followed the Mine road ( s ic ) fo r the purpose o f g ettin g on the r ig h t and in re a r o f Hooker's army. On a rr iv in g a t the old furnace, on th is road . . . . »

Report o f Col. Edward A. O'Neal, 26th Alabama In fan try , commanding Rodea* brigade, May 12 , 1863. O.R. V ol. XXV, p 951

» E arly on the morning o f May 2 , the brigade was moved forward on the Plank road about 1 m ile , and thence, taking a road to the l e f t , passed the furnace and

• V:-' P*5,''

Report o f B r ig . Gen. George Dole*. C .S . Army, commanding brigade, May 9 , 1863. O.R. V oi. XXV, p 98)

" About 6 a .m ., May 2 , moved up d ir t road about h a lf a B i le ; f i le d o f f to the l e f t on the Furnace road, a rr iv in g a t Germanna road about 3 :3 0

Report o f L ie u t . C o l. D. R. K. Rian, 4th Georgia In fa n try , May 8 , 18 6 3. O.R. ? o l . XXV, p 969

" E arly on the morning o f May 2 , resuming our march, we proceeded by the Furnace road to i t s in te rse c tio n «1th the Orange Court-House and Fred­ericksburg Plank road . . . . . . . n

Report o f B rig . Gen. A. H. C o lq u itt, C .S . Army, consnanding brigade, May 1 5 ,1863. o.R. voi. xxv, p 975" E arly the next morning we again put in motion, my brigade in fro n t, and, turning to the l e f t from the Ilan k road leading from Fredericksburg to Orange Court House, i t «as obvious that we were aiming fo r the flan k and re a r o f the enemy. On reaching the furnace, 1 m ile d istan t from the point o f d ivergen ce,............

Report o f B r ig . Gen. S . I . Colston, C .S . Anny, c sion , May 28, 18 6 3. O.R. V oi. XXV, p 1004

nding Trimble’ s d iv i-

* ............... A rriv ing a t tha point where Generals Anderson’ s and McLawa’ di-v is io n s were in p o sit io n , we turned to the l e f t by a road leading by Catharine Furnace to the Broek R o a d ............

Report o f L ie u t. C ol. H. J . T i l l i a a s , 5th V irg in ia In fan try , O.R. V oi. XXV, p 1020

* E arly Saturday morning (May 2 ) , we again took up the lin e o f march, and proceeded on the Plank road about 1 m ile , when we l e f t i t , taking a road leading to the l e f t by a furnace in the d irectio n o f Spotsylvania Court House.*

h

* Ten a.m. May 2 , found us on the march up the road leading by the old furnace, and the ra p id ity with which we were hurried a long, • • • • • • • • • *

Report of Capt. Them»» R. Buckner, 44th Virginia Infantry, O.K. Vol. XXV,p 1027 (my - , 1863)

APPEKDIX H I .

Report o f B r ig . Gen. R. E. Colston, C .3 . Am y, eemmanding T riab le*« d iv i­sion , May 28 , 1863. O.S. V ol. XXV, p 1004

* • • . . . . . . A rriving a t the point where General« Anderson*« and MeLawa* d i­v is io n s were in p o sitio n , we turned to the l e f t by a rood leading by - Catharine Furnace to the Brock Road, and thence bo the Orange (Court House} and Fredericksburg Flank r o a d ...................«

Report o f General Robert E . Lee, commanding Army o f northern V irg in ia . O.R. V ol. XXV, p 798

" E arly on the morning o f the 2d, General Jackson marched by the Furnace and Brock roads, hiB movement being e f fe c tu a lly covered by Fitzhugh Lea*« cava lry ..............»*

APPENDIX X II I .

Alexander, S . P . j M ilita ry Memoirs o f a Confederate. New York, Chas.Scrib­ners * Sons, I9IO, pp 329, 330

« The sun rose on May 2 a few minutes a f t e r f iv e , and set a t 6 :50 p.m. The moon was fu ll that n ig h t. The march led by a cross-roads near the Catharine Furnace, thence southward fo r over a m ile and then eouthweetward fo r two m iles before turning west and s tr ik in g the Brock road w ithin an­other m ile . At the cross-roads, the l in e o f march wee nearest the Federal Lines and was most exposed. Here the 23rd Ga. regiment o f C o lq u itt*a B r i­gade, 9odes* d iv is io n , was l e f t to cover the re a r .

" When the l in e o f mareh reached the Broek road, i t turned southward fo r about a m ile , and then, almost doubling back upon i t s e l f , i t batik • woods road running a t r i f l e west o f north, n early p a r a lle l to the Baock road I t s e l f , and coming hack into i t about three m iles north o f the point a t which i t was f i r s t entered. This made a route two m iles longer than would have bean made by turning northward when the Brock road was f i r s t reached. And as th is part of the road was fa rth e st o f a l l from the enemy (over three m ile s) , and in the densest woods, i t would seem that two m iles might have been saved, had there been time and opportunity fo r recoanois- samee."

1

Report o f C ol. E. P, Alexander, C .S. A r t i l le r y B a tta lio n , F ira t Army Corpa, and Aotlng Chief o f A r t i l le r y , Second Corpa. O.R. Vol. XXV, p 821

** On the morning o f the 2d, ordera were received to f a l l in , the column marching under General Jackson to turn the enemy*a fla n k , and in the a fte r» noon the b a tta lio n waa held in reserve during the attack near Wilderneaa Church, there being no opportunity to uae a r t i l l e r y . The advance o f the in» fan try waa followed up and the night spent in the f ie ld . 1 was c a lle d during the night to the eoaraand o f the a r t i l l e r y on the f ie ld by the wounding of Colonel (s) C ru tch fie ld ."

Wise, Jenninga Cropperj The Long Arm of Lee. V ol. I , Lynchburg, V a ., J . P. B e l l , In c . , I9 I5 , p 468 "

" Turning to the l e f t from the Plank Road about h a lf a m ile in re a r o f Anderson's l in e , Jackson led hla column by the Mine Road to Catherine Fur- naoe through the dense fo re s t south of C h a n c e llo rs / ills , while h is column waa moving o f f to the west, the 10 ,000 Confederates which Lee held opposite the Federal l e f t kept up a bride demonstration, Hardaway's and Hamilton's guns m aintaining an a c t iv e f i r e in order to d ive rt the enemy's a tten tio n .But a s e a r ly as 8 a.m. B lraey , from h is commanding p o sitio n a t Hazel Grove, looking down the v a lle y o f Lewis Creek, had detected Jackson 's column and reported i t to S ic k le s , and the la t t e r in turn to Hooker. At the furnace the road turned due south from the d irectio n o f Jack so n 's march, and from the fa c t that tra in s were v is ib le in re a r o f the column Hooker a t ones con­cluded that L a s 's army was re tre a tin g towards C ordonsville . Moving a mile or two to the aouth the Confederate column turned westward, crossed the Brock Road a f t e r follow ing i t a short way southward and then moved north by way o f a woods road over which a resid en t of the seetion le d the way to the Orange Plank Road, about four m iles west o f C h a n c s llo rsv ills . Meanwhile, Stuart guarded the flan k o f the column, the head o f whioh advanced a t the ra te o f only 2^ m iles and the re a r about 1^ , in sp ite o f a l l e f fo r t s to p ress on mors ra p id ly . The whole column waa perhaps tan m iles in length , o f which the in fa n try occupied only s ix m iles, the a r t i l l e r y and aBmunltlon tra in s the r e s t . "

Dodge, Theodore A.t The Campaign of C h an ce llo rav ille . Boston, Jamsa R. Osgood & C o., l8 8 l , p 70

* . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jack so n 's d iv is io n s were w ell out o f reach, a half-dozenm iles from S ic k le s , before th is o f f io e r was ready fo r an advance in fo rc e . Jackaon had marched on, or p a r a lle l to , the Brock Road, Whan ha reached the Orange plank road..................• • • • • • "

Bigelow, John J r . t The C h an cello raville Campaign, Henry Frowde, Oxford U niversity I ra s a , 1910 , Map No. 1 7 , p 280j Map No. 19 , p 30 1

J

APPENDIX XIV.

Report o f R. E. nodes, Major General, Commanding D ivision , Mby 1863O.R. 7o l . XXV, p 94O

" .................. On reaching the Plank road again , about 2 m iles northwest o fC h an ce llo re v ilie , our cava lry was found skirm ishing with th at o f the enemy, and a delay «as caused by an endeavor on our part to entrap them."

C h an ce llo rsv ille , Address o f General Fitshugh Lee before the V irg in ia D ivi­sion , A.N.Y. A ssociation , October 29, 1879, Southern H isto rica l Society Papers, 7 o l . 7» P 572

* . . . . . . . . So impressed was I with my d iscovery, that I rode ra p id ly backto the point on the Plank road where I had l e f t toy c a v a lry , and back down the road Jackson was moving, u n t il 1 met "Stonew all” h im self. «General,* sa id I , » if you w i l l r id s with me, h altin g your column here, out o f s ig h t,I w i l l show you the enemy’ s r ig h t , and you w i l l perceive the g reat advan*- tage of attack in g down the Old turnpike instead o f the Plank road, tha enemy’ s l in e s being taken in re v e rse . Bring only one co u rie r , as you w il l be in view from the top o f the h i l l . * Jackson assented, and I rap id ly conducted him to the point o f observation. There had been no change in the p ic tu re ."

Lee, Fltzhugh: General Lee, New York, D. Appleton * C o., 1894, p 247 - 248

" About 3 p.m. Jackson’ s van rsached the plank road • • • • • The commandero f the cava lry accompanying him had made a personal reconnoissanee while w aiting fo r Jackson to come up, and had located the exact p osition of the Union r ig h t . »«hen Jackson a rr iv e d , at h is request, he accompanied him through a concealed wooded road to a h i l l overlooking the re ar o f the Federalr ig h t . . • • • • • ............Stonewall»a face bore an expression o f intense in te re stduring the f iv e minutes he was on the h i l l , and the Federal p osition was pointed out to him ."

Report o f General R . E. Lee. O.R. V o l, XXV, p 798

" E arly on the morning o f the 2d, General Jackson marched by the Furnace and Brock Roads, h is movement being e f fe c tu a lly covered by Fitzhugh le e * a c a v a lry , under General Stuart in person ."

k

APPENDIX Xf,

Report o f Major Gen. Ambrose P . H i l l , C .S . Array, caaaanding Second Array Corps, «ay 8, 18 6 3 . O.R. V ol. XXV, p 885

" Saturday morning, «odea*, C olstoa*a, and H i l l ’ s d iT isiona were led by General Jackson on the enemy’ s flan k and re a r , crossing the two Plank roads and casing into the turnpike, the a r t i l le r y o f the corps, under Colonel ( ,} ( S . ) C ru tch fie ld , accompanying............. . . "

Report o f L ie u t, c o l . Forney George, 18th North Carolina In fan try , May 9 , l 8b3 . O.R. V ol. XXV, p 920

" Between 8 and 9 o ’ clock we took up our lin e o f march across end t a the l e f t o f the Phank road, and by the way o f Volford’ s Iron Forge, the enemy sh e llin g us as we passed; thence, by a c ircu ito u s route o f sane 8 or 10 m iles , we reached the Turnpike road leading from Orange court House to Fredericksburg, • . . • • • • • *

Report o f Col. Edward A. O’ Neal, ?6th Alabama In fan try commanding Redes’ brigade, la y 1 2 , 1863. O.R. V o l. XXV, p 95I

* E arly on the morning o f May 2 , the brigade was mowed forward on the Plank road about 1 m ile , end thence, taking a road to the l e f t , passed the furnace and formed in lin e o f b a t t le , a f t e r a march o f soma 10 or 12 m ilea, beyond the Turnpike road, ju s t above i t s junction with the Plank road and in re a r o f the enemy • • • • • • • • • ”

Report o f B rig . Gen. George Doles, C .S . .Array, commending brigade, May 9 , 18 6 3. O.R. Vol. XXV, p 9b6

" About 6 a .m ., Kay 2 , mowed up a d ir t road about h a lf a m ils ; f i le d o f f to the l e f t on the Furnace road, arriw ing a t Geimanna road about 3 :3 0 p .m ., formed lin e o f b a ttle ...................."

Report o f L ie u t . Col. t>. R. E. Winn, 4th Georgia In fan try , May 8 , 18S3. O.R. V ol. XXV, pp 9S9, 97O* E arly on the morning of May 2 , resuming our march, we proceeded by the Furnace road to i t s in tersec tio n with the Orange Court House and Fred­ericksburg Plank road, up which we continued to i t s Junction with the Cul­peper Plank road .*

1

Report o f L ieu t. Col. H. J . "ilH am s, 5th V irg in ia In fa n try , May 18 6 3 .O.S. V ol. XX?, p 1020

" E arly Saturday morning (Bfey 2 ), we again took up the lin e o f march, and proceeded on the Plank road about 1 m ile , when we l e f t i t , taking a road leading to the l e f t by a furnaee in the d irectio n o f S p ctey lvaria Court louse, fo llow in g this road same 5 or 6 m ile s , we came to another leading d ire ct to the Plank road, intersecting the same about 4 m iles from C h an e e llo rsv ille , a t the Junction of the Culpeper road, which point we reached about 4 o’ clock in the evening.”

Report of General Robert I . Lee, C.S. Array, commanding Army of Northern V irg in ia , ie p t . 2 1 , 18 6 3. O.R. Vol. XXV, p 798

* A fter a long and fa tigu in g march, General Jackson’ s leading d iv is io n , under General Rodes, reached the old turnpike, about 3 mile» i» re a r o f C h an ce llo rsv ille

APPENDIX XVI.

Report of Col* J . M. Brockenbrough, 40th V irg in ia In fan try , commanding Hath’ » brigade, May 18 , 18 6 3 . O.R. V ol. XXV, p 894

" At 10 o ’ clock on the follow ing morning, leaving the turnpike to our righ t and moving upon the old furnace road, we turned the rig h t flan k o f the enemy, and at piXO p.m. reached the Plank road again , about 4 m iles west o f C h a n e e llo rsv ille , and in th e ir re a r . Here we formed lin e o f b a t t le , and commenced a rap id advance, th is brigade occupying the second lin e

Report o f L ie u t , C o l. E . P. Tayloe, 22nd V irg in ia B a tta lio n , May 1 3» 1863. O.R. V o l. XXV, p 900

" . . . . . . . . . marched around the road leading by the old furnace; a fte rpassing which a few m iles, we bore more to the r ig h t , and, a f t e r having completed nearly a sem ic irc le , again Btruek the Plank road about 3i ' bo 4 m iles west o f C h a n e e llo rsv ille . Marching on toward the last-m entioned p ie ce , our advance guard soon f e l l upon the Y a n k e e s ,............. . "

Report o f L ieu t. Col. Forney George, lSth North Carolina In fan try , May 9, 18 I3 . O.R. V ol. XXV, p 920

" .................. thence, by a c ircu ito u s route o f some 8 or 10 m iles, wereached the Turnpike road leading from Orange Court-House to Fredericks­burg ................*

a

V]

?!

a

Report o f Col. D. R. I. V isa , 4-th Georgia Regiment, May 8 , 18 6 3 . O.R.v o i. m , p 969 - 970

" ................. vs proceeded by the furnace road to i t a in tersectio n with theOrange Court-House and Fredericksburg Plonk road, up which we continued to i t s Junction with the Culpeper Plank road................*

Report of General S . .5. l e e , ComiaaiidiBg Army of Northern V irg in ia , Septem­ber 2 1 , I863. O.R. V ol. XX?, p 798

9 A fter a long and fa tigu in g march, Ceneral Jackson’ s lead ing d iv is io n , under General Rodes, reached the old turnpike, about 3 m iles in rea# o f C h a n c e llo rsv ilie , a t 4 p.m .n

APP: HDIX m i .

.¿qta o f L ieu t. Gen. T. J . Jackson,Dabney, P ro f. R. L .t L ife and Caapal^-------------- ---------- ... ---------- -(Stonewall Jackson ), New T o rt, B lalock & C o., iB oo, p ^79 tSe© amp on p 660)

9 The n arra tive retu rns now to h ie march. The troops, comprehending in sta n tly that he wa3 engaged in one of h is famous a s s a u lts upon h ie enemy’ s fla n k s , responded to h is eager s p ir i t se a lo u sly , and pressed forward along the narrow country road a t a rapid g a i t . Often the men were compelled to advance a t a double-quick, in order to c lose up the column. A fte r proceed­ing southwest, a few m iles beyond the Catharine furnace, they came to the in tersectio n of the Brock road, and turning to the r ig h t a t a sharp angle, assumed a northwestern d ire c t io n ."

ajpM e m u .

Hamlin, Augustus Choate T̂he B a ttle o f C h an e e llo rcv illa , Jackson’ s Attack Bangor, ISaine, Published "by “the Author, 189k. (. ee’ maps in re a r o f book)

APPESOX XIX

Cooke, John Eaten: stonewall Jackson, A M ilita ry Biography, Hew York, B. Appleton k C o ., 187b , pp 412 , 4 13 "”

" The column commenced i t s march a t daybreak. Leaving the plank road about a mile and a h a lf from C h an ce llo rsv ille , and occupying the atten tion o f the Federal fo rces by the f i r e o f the b atte ry under i& Jo r Pegram, Jack- eon pressed on s te a d ily by the Old Mine road in the d irectio n Of the Fur­nace; the cava lry under General Stuart moving in the fron t and in the flan k s o f the column, to mask the troops from the enemy. At the Furnace the 23d Georgia . . . . . . .

V

" The column continued i t s rapid march - I t s movement completely masked by the cava lry which attacked and drove o f f the reconnoi terin gp a r t ie s o f the enemy ........... Reaching the Brock Road, running, a s wehave sa id , from Epottsylvania Court-Eouse to Ely* a Ford, and crossin g the rig h t flan k o f the enemy, Jackson continued to fo llow i t u n t il he atta in ed the point where i t in te rse c ts the Orange plank ro ad .”

AFPESLIX XX.Henderson, L ieu t. C ol. G. F . R . : Stonewall Jackson and the /merican C iv i l ¿a r , Y o l. 2 , London, Sew York, Boatay L C alcu tta , Longmans, Green & C o., 130 9 , p 435

" Moving in a south-w esterly d ire ctio n , he had struck the Brock road, a narrow tra c t which runs n early due north, and cro sses both the plank road and the pike a t a point about two m iles west o f the Federal righ t fla n k .

* The Brock road, whieh, had stoneman’ s three d iv is io n s o f cava lry been present with the Federal army, would have been strongly h eld , was ab so lu te ly fre e and unobstructed. Since the previous evening Fitzhugh Lee’ s p a tro ls had remained in c lo se touch with the enemy’ s outposts, and no attempt had been made to d rive them in . So with no fu rth er ob­s ta c le than the heet the second Army Corps pressed on.”

APPENDIX XXI.White, lan ry .Alexander: Robert £» Lee and the Southern Confederacy.Rew York, G. j.utman Sons, 1897. (See map p 2bQ. On th is map ha in d i- dates Stonewall Jackson moving by the Erock Road.)

APPENDIX XXII.

Report o f L ieu t. C ol. B. J . W illiam s, F ifth V irg in ia In fan try , May 18 6 3. O.R. Y o l. XXV, p 1020

” E arly Saturday morning {¡¿ay 2 ) , we again took up the lin e o f march and proceeded on the Plank road about 1 m ile , when we l e f t i t , taking a road leading to the l e f t by a furnace in the d ire ctio n o f Spotsylvania court lo u se . Following th is road some 5 or 6 m iles , we came to another leading d ire c t to the Hank road, in tersec tin g the same about 4 m iles from C h an ce llo rsv ilie , a t the junction o f the Cul­peper road, which point we reached about 4 o ’ clock in the evening, we were then thrown in lin e o f b a t t le , the l e f t o f our regiment renting on the Plank ro a d .”

» -

APPMHBX XXIII.

Report o f General Robert L. Lee, C .S . Army, commanding Army of Northern V irg in ia , September 2 1 , 1863. O.R. V o l. XXV, p 79^

” E arly on the morning o f the 2d, General Jaekson marched by the

Furnace and Brock roads, his movement being effectually covered by Fits» faugh Lae*a cavalry, under General Stuart in person

APPENDIX 1X1 7 .

Dabney, Prof. R. L.: Life and Campaigns of Lieut. Gen. Thomas J. Jack- son, New York, Blelock k Co., l%b (Preface vi)

" . . . . . I t was a lso my p r iv ile g e to enjoy h is frien d sh ip , although not under h is orders, during the campaign o f & anassa's in l8 6 l ; and to serve next h is person, a s ch ie f o f h ie S t a f f , during the memorable campaign® o f the V a lley and the Chiekahaoiny, in l 8o2 . "

L ibrary o f southern L ite ra tu re . Hew Orleane, A tlan ta , La l l » a , The Martin* Hoyt Co., 1907, P 114 4

" • • • • • • • • ilia work in authorship proper began with h is preparation ofh is 'Defense o f V irg in ia and the . cuth* w ritten w hile a t hcqte in 1862-63 .................... "

* • • • • • • • • Adjutant General and Chief o f B te f f to Stonewall Jackson,A p ril to September, 1862, a post he resign ed , on the urgent adviee o f Surgeon Dalton.*

APPENDIX XXV.

T a le o tt, Major T. K iU , ila jo r and Aide de Camp to General S . E. le e ; General L e e 's Strategy at the B a ttle of Chancellors v i l i e , Southern His­to r ic a l so c ie ty iap era , Volume XXlT, p 22

* Hotchkiss makes i t appear that owing to im perfections in the maps prepared by the Confederate engineers before the B a ttlb o f Chaneellors- v i l l e , General Jackson did not know how to reach Hooker's re a r u n t il the morning o f May 2nd, when ha (Hotchkiss) obtained information o f a h ith erto unknown road, which met a l l the requirements o f a detour around Hooker's r ig h t , and la id i t down on a map fo r General Jack so n 's inform ation end guidance. Jackeon 's c h ie f engineer, Captain Bosw ell, was s t i l l a l iv e on the morning o f Hay 2nd, snd i t was to him that General Jackson would n a tu ra lly look fo r such inform ation, and not to H otchkiss, who was oneof Captain B o sw ell's subordinates. Furthermore, from the account given by Dr. Dabney, i t appears that i t was from the Rev. B. T . Lacy that Gen­e ra l Jackson sought inform ation Saturday morning, o f seme shorter route than that fay the Furnace and Brock roads, which had been indicated by General Lee the night b e fo re .

" . . . . . . . . . . and the fa c t that General Jackson did fo llow the route in d i­cated by General Lee i s f u l ly estab lish ed not only by H otchkiss's map, published in 1867, but by o f f i c i a l maps, and by General L e e 's o f f i c i a l re p o r t ."

P

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P a g e , K .C ,M.i Sketch of Page*s Battery^. I I Corps, Army o f Northern V irg in ia , Hew York, T. Sm eltzer, Stationer and P r in te r , 18^5

Siehardson, C h arles: The C b a a c e llo rsv ille Campaign, New York and ash- ington, D .C., The Neale Publishing ompany, I9O7

lobson, John S,: How a One-Legged Rebel L iv e s ; A History o f the 92nd V irg in ia Regiment. Richmond. 1 . 1 . Lade k Company. P r in te rs . l 87b

î

G

3

Smith, Tunstall: A Memoir; Richard Snowden Andrews*, Lt.-Col, C lag the First Maryland Artillery, Baltimore, Sun Job Printing Offie®, 13 10

out hern H isto rica l society Papers, Richmond, V irg in ia , Jamo3 Good®,w ?

T aylor, . 0 «: tour Years with General Lee, hew York, D. appleton and Company,

Taylor, ,.H*: General Lee, His Campaigns in V irg in ia , Brooklyn, New York, Press o f “Braunworth and Company, lqOb

Thomas, Henry . : H istory o f the Boles-Jpoke Brigade, /-rmy of Northern V irg in ia , A tlan ta , Georgia, The Franklin P rin tin g and Publishing Company, 1303

Toaason, John W .J,: Jefc S tu art, Hew York, London, Charles rc rib n er '8 Son®, 19 3 °

vhite, Henry Alexander: Robert h, Lee and the Southern Confederacy, New York, G, P . Putnam cone, 1B37

i''ll son, James H arrison: A C r it ic a l Review, the Chancellor s w ill® by John Bigelow, J r , , ila in gto n , Delaware, has. L . Story, I9 I I

» is e , Jennings Cropper: The Long Am o f Lee, V ol. I , lynchburg, V irg in iaJ . P. B e ll C$1 , Inc. I9 I5

food, James H. : The a r ; m the Regiments as I saw Theta. at io n , 19 16

w a ll” Jackeon, h is and B a tt le ® ,rlan d , i aryland, Th© . ddy re ss Corpor-

Worsham, J.H.: One of Jackson*s Foot C avalry ; E ls experiences and hat f a r 3 - : arin«;- the or, iCol-lliuH» New York. Che Keale Publishing Compeny,

v i) > ■' ■

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AT ¡.AS TO ACCOMPANY THE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES 1861 - 1865 . PLATE XLI.

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BATTLES OFC H A N C E L L O R S V IL L E , S A L E M CHHRCHAND

F R E D E R I C K S B U R G ,M ay 2, 3 and F,1863.

Prepared by order ofG E N E R A L R. E. L E E ,

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Gomel

DONATIO» OF LAND ALONG THE JACKSON TE H

The following property owner« hare donated land adjoining the

Jackson Trail. Their names and the »mount of land donated are listed

hel<

-■“ I- ■ v

Name A c r f s

E. M* Young Joe CollinsJ* Lewis and H. Slaughter San FordG. BealsT. B. GreenH. fiow;L. G. Roach H. F. Houck G. Day Stephens

hairs

Total

The accompanying step will show the location of these lands.