National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias...

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National Monuments

Transcript of National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias...

Page 1: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

National Monuments

Page 2: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

Sibelius

• Jean Sibelius (1865–1957)• Kalevala (Land of Heroes)– Elias Lönnrot, 1835

• Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891)• Four Legends from the Kalevala, Op. 22 (1893–

95) – The Swan of Tuonela [Anthology 3-16]

Page 3: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

England

• Hubert Parry (1848–1918)• Charles Villiers Stanford (1854–1924)• Edward Elgar (1857–1934)– Variations on an Original Theme “Enigma

Variations”

Page 4: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

England

• Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872–1958)– Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis (1910)

[Anthology 3-17]– A Sea Symphony (1903–09)– A London Symphony (1911–13)– A Pastoral Symphony (1922)

Page 5: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

Spain

• Manuel de Falla (1876–1946)– La vida breve (1905)• cante jondo (deep song)

– El Sombrero de Tres Picos (1919)• zarzuela

– Nights in the Gardens of Spain (1909–16)

Page 6: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

Folk and Modernist Synthesis

• Béla Bartók (1881–1945)• Early influence of Richard Strauss– Kossuth (1903)

Page 7: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

Folk and Modernist Synthesis

• Béla Bartók (1881–1945)• Zoltán Kodály (1882–1967)• Ethnomusicology• Style hongrois• Magyar nóta – sung Hungarian-style tunes• Verbunkos – Hungarian-style instrumental

dance music

Page 8: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

Folk Ways

• “Peasant music” and “modern music”• “A third way” • 14 Bagatelles for piano, Op. 6 (1908)– Bagatelle No. 4 [Anthology 3-18]

• Dance Suite (1923) [Anthology 3-19]

Page 9: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

Szymanowski and Enescu

• Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937)– First Violin Concerto (1916)– Third Symphony (1914–16)– Krol Roger (1920–24)– Stabat Mater (1925–26)

• George Enescu (1881–1955)– Oedipe (1936)– Romanian Rhapsodies, Op. 11

Page 10: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

The Oldest Modernist:Leoš Janáček

• Leoš Janáček (1854–1928)• Jenůfa (1904)• Five additional opera• Slavonic Liturgy, Glagolská mše

(1926)• Song cycle, Zápisník zmizelého• Orchestral work, Sinfonietta

Page 11: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

Speech-Tunelets

• Influence of folk music and speech patterns and intonation

• “Speech melodies”• Po zarostlém chodničku (On an Overgrown

Path) [Anthology 3-20]

Page 12: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

Scriabin:From Expression to Revelation

• Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915)• Theosophy– Petrovna Blavatsky (1831–91)

Page 13: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

Scriabin:From Expression to Revelation

• Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915)• Fifth Symphony, Op. 60 Prométhée, le poème

de feu (Prometheus, the Poem of Fire, 1908–10)– “mystic chord”

• Vers la flamme Op. 72 (Towards the Flame, 1914) [Anthology 3-21]

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Mysterium and the Ultimate Aggregate Harmonies

• Unfinished work• Communal creation, combination of all artistic

media• Aggregate harmonies: “ultimate” chords each

containing all twelve pitches

Page 15: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

Charles Ives (1874–1954)

• Transcendentalism– Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–82)– Henry David Thoreau (1817–62)– self-reliance

Page 16: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

Charles Ives (1874–1954)

• Born in Danbury, Connecticut• Church organist• Studied at Yale with Horatio Parker (1863–

1919)– The Celestial Country (1902)

• Insurance salesman

Page 17: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

Terms of Reception

• 1920: Privately published Second Piano Sonata Concord, Mass., 1840–60– Essays before a Sonata– 1st public performance 1939, John Kirkpatrick– “greatest music composed by an American”

Page 18: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

Terms of Reception

• 1922: Privately published 114 Songs• Other works published in Cowell’s New Music

Quarterly

Page 19: National Monuments. Sibelius Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) – Elias Lönnrot, 1835 Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala,

“Manner” and “Substance”:The Concord Sonata

• Second Piano Sonata, Concord, Mass., 1840–60[Anthology 3-22]

– 1. Emerson– 2. Hawthorne– 3. The Alcotts– 4. Thoreau

– Motive from Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony– other quotations

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Nostalgia

• Three Places in New England [Anthology 3-23]– “Putman’s Camp”– “scherzoids”– allusions to popular American tunes