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Cisco ConfidentialCisco IBSG © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Internet Business Solutions Group 1
TM
National Information Infrastructure (NII – 2.0): Recommendations on Policy Framework and Institutional Mechanism
Submitted to Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India
Prakash Kumar
Cisco Consulting Services
2 August 2013
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NeGP Vision and its COMPONENTS
2
ICT Infra Applications Core Policies and Capacity Buliding
Core Infrastructure
• Network(SWAN,
• Data Center (SDC) and
• Assisted kiosks (CSC )Support InfrastructureTechnical AssistanceR&D
MMP applications like
CCTNS, Vahan, Sarathi,
CARD etc.
Core PoliciesHRD & TrainingAwareness & AssessmentCreation of specialized manpower (SeMT and PeMT)
Landscape has changed since 2006 when NeGP was conceptualized.Lots has changed including experience about implementing MMPsHence, the need for a re-look at the approach and strategy.
Vision: “Make all Government services accessible to the common man in his locality, through common service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency & reliability of such services at affordable costs to realise the basic needs of the common man.”
Green: In place
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State MMP Implementation Status
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State MMP Implementation ScoreAn
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Implementation Score
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
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What Next?1
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This Calls for Change in Approach and Strategy
For • Increased e-transactions • Faster and speedier processing• Improved efficiency• Maintaining technology currency; • Encouraging on-going innovation and competitive pricing• Greater citizen satisfaction
By• Creating an environment for a shared and secure ICT Infrastructure
• Which is provided on demand• Where procurement process is simple
• Making Apps available thru Cloud • Improving ICT capability and skills• Adopting policy measures on standards, architecture and other related issues
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Experience from other Countries
UK (updated its ICT strategy in March 2011 with following objectives)
Reducing waste and project failure, and stimulating economic growth
Creating a common ICT infrastructure
Using ICT to enable and deliver change
Strengthening governance,
Canada (Aug 2011): Guiding Principles of Shared Services Canada
Innovation
Cost Efficiency
Security
Quality
Rationalization
Standardization
Sustainability
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Policy Measures on consolidation of ICT infrastructure
Policy measures USA UK Australia S Korea Malaysia Canada
Data Center consolidation
√ √ √ √ √ √
Adoption of Cloud and AppStore
√ √ √ √ √
Government Network
√ √ √ √Shared ICT services across multiple agencies
√ √ √
√
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Creation of a Government of India Cloud (GI Cloud) Broadband up to Panchayats through National
Optical Fiber Network (NoFN) with last mile connectivity through TSPs
Comprehensive cyber security framework Formulation of Policy on NII 2.0 Common standards
Current Strategy of DEITY
Also needed are• ICT governance, organization, capability and skills inside the
government• Reference architecture• Procurement and • Service management
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NII: A Change Program
NII should be looked at as a change programme driven by a need to save money, integrate and join up ICT across the government to help accelerate delivery of services electronically to citizens and businesses.
The joined up ICT would enable joined up services wherever required/appropriate.
It should lead to greatly accelerated and simplified acquisition of ICT services delivered over network for central as well as state/local government departments/agencies.
It should also lead to development of the required ICT capability and skills in the government; common standards and reference architecture; security and identity assurance; and service management.
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Creating an environment for a common and secure ICT Infrastructure
NII: Suggested Business Architecture
GI-Network
GI-Cloud
Applications
Cyber security
Com
mon
Sta
ndar
ds
Refe
renc
e Ar
chite
ctur
e
Secu
rity
& Id
entit
y As
sura
nce
Serv
ice
Man
agem
ent
Sim
plifi
ed P
rocu
rem
ent
Enabling better public services
Incr
easi
ng e
ffici
ency
Gre
ater
Citi
zen
Satis
facti
on &
En
gage
men
t
Incr
ease
d e-
Tran
sacti
ons
ICT
Capa
bilit
y &
Ski
lls
Approved To be put in place Legend End State
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Experience on Network Consolidation from Other Jurisdictions
2
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International Experience
• Procuring network services rather than simply procuring transport bandwidth. [UK’s Public Services Network (PSN) has adopted this path.]
• Consolidation/Integration of dedicated
government networks with aim to reduce cost and make them more secure. [Canada and Germany have decided to go on this path.]
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PSN of UK
“The PSN vision requires a change in the way Public Sector procures its network services and the way in which these services are offered. PSN customers will no longer procure physical network assets and no longer handle such procurements entirely independently from each other. Instead, rather like domestic or commercial Internet users, PSN customers will simply buy network services from pre-approved suppliers, as and when required and in whatever configuration is preferred, e.g. as an integrated solution of many services, or as an individual service, across a whole organization or devoted to local groups.”
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Delivering better public
services for less
Reducing waste & project failure
& stimulating economic
growth
Creating common ICT
infrastructure
Using ICT to enable &
deliver change
Strengthening governance
PSN Vision
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What is the Public Services Network?
The Public Services Network (PSN) is a programme designed by the UK Government to create one network for all UK public sector organisations. Constructed as a network of networks, built to common standards that enables the delivery of public services from any place by any provider at lower cost
Born out of a need for public sector organisations to save costs and to introduce a level playing field for commercial suppliers.
Operates within central government, local government, health, defence, education and other public sector bodies.
Aims to offer a platform for innovation which avoids vendor lock-in
The Cabinet Office has unveiled the 29 companies which will offer services for the government’s Public Sector Network.
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PSN as a Walled City
Walled City PSN
Streets Components of PSN
City Gates to vet traffic coming in and out.
PSN-compliant gateways to vet data coming in and out
Traffic on streets PSN Services
Anything outside the wall It is not PSN Service
Walled gardens’ within the city. The gates of such gardens will be of interest as the traffic coming out or going in will have to be walled city rules compliant.
Non-PSN services, for example, private systems operated by government departments. Traffic coming out or going in will have to be PSN compliant.
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Structure
GCN: Government Conveyance Network; DNSP: Direct Network Service Provider; CoCo: Code of Connection; CoICo: Code of Interconnection; CoP: Code of Practice; DoU: Deed of Undertaking
Core Network
The GCN interconnects multiple operator networks, termed Direct Network Service Providers or DNSPs
Subscriber organisations contract to a connection from a local participating DNSP, connect via that to GCN and hence onwards to other interconnected networks and services
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Commercial Framework
In 2010 Virgin Media Business, BT, Cable & Wireless and Global Crossing signed DoU and subsequently achieved accreditation for providing GCN and IP VPN services.
In March 2012, 12 Companies were successful bidders for the initial two year PSN Connectivity framework.
In June 2012, 29 companies were confirmed as suppliers of ICT services to the UK public sector under the Government’s PSN Services framework contract
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PSN Services
Wide area network
Broadband
Telephony and call centres
Public videoconferencing service
Access to commercial databases
Secure conferencing services
CCTV
Access to a government database
Data transfer via email
Virtual private network
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PSN Mechanism
All cross government telecommunications procurement vehicles will be brought under control of the PSN Programme.
For migrating old networks already procured Government Secure Intranet Convergence Framework (GCF) and Managed Telecommunications Service Convergence Framework (MTCF)) have been developed.
Strong governance through the CIO Delivery Board, CIO Council and PSN Steering Committee and Programme Board has been put in place to realize full benefits of PSN.
All CIOs instructed to ensure PSN compliance prior to approval of any telecommunications spend on new builds or changes.
Extensive industry engagement to ensure that telecommunications suppliers implement the industry-led PSN standards and offer only those services to government. (Industry led PSN supplier Governance Body (PSNGB) and regular industry contact)
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Shared Services Canada: Telecommunications Transformation Program (TTP)
“Shared Services Canada was formed to consolidate and streamline the delivery of IT infrastructure services, specifically email, data centre and network services. Our mandate is to do this so that all federal organizations have access to reliable, efficient and secure IT infrastructure services for the best value.”
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Telecommunications Transformation Initiative under SSC
Between 2011 and 2019, the Government of Canada will transition to a single, shared telecommunications network infrastructure, while maintaining required departmental segregation of data through security domains and zones. Steps being taken:
To complete current state analysis of networks and telecommunications, to analyze business and technical requirements, to develop a target end-state and to produce an overall transformation plan.
To converge systems for voice, data and video onto the same network to minimize duplication and reduce costs;
To expand the Government of Canada's wireless network infrastructure to meet the growing requirement for connectivity to mobile devices, laptops and tablets; and
To implement a more robust, standardized network security infrastructure to enhance the Government's cyber security, resulting in improved security services, awareness capabilities, and ability to counter security threats
The initiative is in the planning stages, and will proceed in parallel with the Data Centre Consolidation Initiative.
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SSC Creation Future
Shared Services Canada (SSC) Transformation Vision
Consolidated
Standardized
Innovative Strategies & Partnerships
Value for Partners & Canadians
Duplication Fragmentation Low interoperability Aging Infrastructure
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VISION
Improving Service Quality• Improve levels of service and security for all
• Standardize infrastructure and platforms
• Increase system availability, reliability, robustness and scalability
• Reduce dependence on physical location (enhance mobility)
Maximizing Efficiencies• Reduce duplication of infrastructure
• Centralize operation and administration
• Determine appropriate level of private sector engagement
• Make effective use of shrinking IT budget and resources
Minimizing Risks
• Fewer, better quality facilities
• Power supply diversification
• Centralize planning and recapitalization; procurement
• Address aging IT infrastructure
• Improve information security
• Examine industry investment and risk sharing
Additional Benefits• Significant environmental benefits
• Reduce power demand
• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions (cleaner power); reduce e-waste
• Enable Workplace 2.0
• Reduce travel costs (videoconferencing / telepresence)
• Improve support to remote worker
Transformation Principles – Data Centres and Networks
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Telecom vision: From –To Perspective
Key Components Elements FROM TO
Inter-buildingNetworks
Number of Wide Area Networks
50 1 (intended)
Number of WAN connections to buildings
7000+
-20%
Intra-buildingNetworks
Number of multi-tenant buildings with consolidated infrastructure
<40 >300
Number of buildings with Wireless LAN services
< 100 >3000
Telephony
Number of PBXs and key systems
850 + <100
Number of IP phones deployed
< 10,000 >150,000
Videoconferencing Number of VC bridges 82 < 12
Contact Centers
Number of contact centers (infrastructure)
100+ -50%+
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SSC’s Transformation Initiatives
EmailCurrent state
Business case and plan
2012-2013
Procurement
2013-2020
Build and Migration – 43 departments; 377,000 users
Data Centres (2012-2020)Current State, Business Case, Detailed
Inventory and Plans
Networks (2012-2020)
Migration to New Data Centres (Multiple Waves)
Inter-building (WAN) - integrated and aligned with data centre consolidation plan
Intra-building (LAN) - integrated and aligned with data centre consolidation plan
Nov 2011 Jan – May 2012 June 2013 Oct 2013 – April 2015
Forums / Events• Chief Information Officer Council (CIOC)• DPI, GTEC• Executive Summit
Industry – Launch and closure of procurement process; engagement of industry based on sourcing strategies
Key Stakeholders• Ministers• Inter-departmental Advisory
Committees (IT Business Transformation)
• CIO Council• 43 Partner Departments• Unions• IndustryEn
gage
men
t
Inter-departmental Working Groups:• Security • Policy and Standards• Functional• Business Requirements• Transition• Operational & Service Mgmt• Information Mgmt
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Germany’s NdB (“Netze des Bundes” or “Network of Federation”
The project NdB reflects the fact that the network infrastructure now plays a central role in the public sector like central nervous system in human body.
Functionality and availability of network infrastructures, even under difficult conditions such as natural disasters, is of vital importance to the state.
Another aim is to thwart any threat emanating from terrorists or cyber war.
Security, Reliability and Continuity of Operations: Top Concern
Implementation
1st Phase: Network Consolidation - Enablement of German Government to build and run a government owned service provider network to consolidate all government networks onto one single platform
2nd Phase: Shared Service Consolidation – Enablement of German Government to build a government owned Shared Service Centre and consolidate all redundant and similar services and processes across federal government and public administration in Germany
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Other Policy Measures
UK
Open standard of data
Reference architecture
Open technical standards
End user device strategy
Information strategy
Risk management regime
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Recommendations3
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NII: A Change Program
NII should be looked at as a change programme driven by a need to save money, integrate and join up ICT across the government to help accelerate delivery of services electronically to citizens and businesses.
The joined up ICT would enable joined up services wherever required/appropriate.
Having put in place policies on, National Cloud, Cyber Security and Standards, time to look at Network Aggregation, Reference Architecture, ICT Capability and Skills, Service Management and Security & Identity Assurance
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Recommendations: Network Aggregation
UK’s PSN (network as a service) appears best. It needs a high level of maturity in procurement of such services and a cadre of IT professionals. UK Gov has long history of outsourcing services and experienced IT staff in handling procurement of network services and other complex technology services.
PSN model is not suitable for India today. India does not have a IT cadre experienced in such complex technology acquisition.
The approach adopted by Canada and Germany towards consolidation of government networks appears much more suitable for India at this time.
Consolidation of value-added shared services with consolidation of networks should be built into the plan.
After few years of successful implementation, the PSN type model could be explored by DeitY.
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High Level Architecture of Integrated Network
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Suggested NKN-SWAN Integration till District HQ
Super Core
Core
SWAN
NKN District Node NKN District NodeSWAN District Node
SWAN Block Nodes SWAN Block Nodes
SWAN Block
Distric
t Leas
ed Link
NKN SWAN 1 VPNN
KN C
ore-
Dist
rict L
ink
IPSEC Enabled Broadband backup
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Recommendations: Pervasive Security
Pervasive security is a fundamental architectural requirement of NII.
End-to-end security framework (applications – data centre – network – end points - interconnects between networks – interconnects between networks and data centres – interconnects between data centres) and architecture should be developed up–front and embedded in the NII 2.0 architecture.
Security architecture shouldn’t be an after-thought (no more 'bolt-on' security to the architecture).
Development and deployment of a network security policy including for interconnects (at the Gateway level for example) and mechanisms to audit the same for adherence – like the PSN example, is foundational.
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Recommendations: Network based Shared Services
Along with integration of networks, services delivered over network which are currently bought and consumed by departments/agencies separately should also be undertaken.
Examples of such services are voice telephony (VoIP telephony), call centres/contact centres, unified services (messaging, collaboration, presence and IM), secure audio and video conferencing, gateway services, CCTV etc.
From state-specific VC system or VoIP to government-wide VC/VoIP systems
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Recommendations: Governance/Organizational Framework
Network like Cloud will need an organizational framework like AMO, OMU etc.
It would be problematic to have parallel yet separate structures set up for the network project. —There will be some elements (at the detailed technical level)
where different experts will need to be involved and those could be identified and placed under AMO/OMU, as the case may be.
We recommend establishing a single organization for GI Cloud and Network initiatives, with AMO and OMU, so that the policy, architecture, and standards for each come from the same organization.
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Recommendations: Location independent working
Government officials have started using mobile devices and senior officials demand access to applications from their mobile devices, especially for monitoring purposes. ICT providers like NIC are already grappling with this demand which is increasing day by day.
Many mobile workers are being provided tablets and they need to be connected to their systems at times for feeding data from inspection sites, pulling data to generate bills, or to serve clients where they are, etc.
If this growth in use of BYOD mobile devices is not managed carefully, it will open up new security risks.
Therefore, we recommend location independent working and bring your own device (BYOD) be included in NII.
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Implementation Roadmap
Stakeholder consultation and agreement on the vision, principles, and high level architecture of Integrated/consolidated network.
Putting in place required Governance mechanism and related policies (e.g. who must use; who may use).
Identification of global standards to which the NII 2.0 should be built and operated (Networks, Data Centres, Security and Operations). Identify and deploy industry best practices where standards are unavailable or not relevant
Deployment of GI-Network (integration of NKN, SWANs, NICNET, NoFN and Gateways)
Tight coupling of Data Centres with GI-Network for secure and seamless access to the GI-Network
Implementation of HR Policy for creating positions of CIOs and CTOs with required support teams in central as well as state governments.
Institutionalization of capacity building plan by setting up dedicated training institute for training of government officials
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Implementation Roadmap
Development of real-time Shared Services (esp. ICT Required to support improved collaboration), which we may call GI-Network Services, across the government enabled by integrated network like• Voice Telephony and call Centers/Contact Centers• Gateway Services• Unified Services (messaging, collaboration, presence etc.)• Secure conferencing services (audio as well as video)• Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) • Mobile Voice and Data• Network and IT security