National Geographic - 2012 06 (105) Июнь 2012

7/28/2019 National Geographic - 2012 06 (105) 2012

1/142


2/142

MIOHb 2012 fOAANQ 10 5 NATIONALGEOGRAPHIC

Pa6ottuu yKpall ZOllOBYBOUHa - u nonJLamuJLcfl

Ja 3mo cBoeu co6cmBeHHouZOll080U. CTp. 72

llll ll lllllll llllllll llllllll lllllllllllllllllll ll lllllll ll llllll ll lllllll ll llllll llllllllll ll lllllll llllllll lllllllll lllllllll lllllllll ll llllllll ll lllllll ll lllllll ll lllllll llllllll lllllllll lllllll

CO,ll;EP)I(AHME

68 TeppaKoToBoeBOJIHCTBOTbiCS'IYI-1 pacKpaweHHbiXrfli-1HS1HbiX BOl-l HOB AO!l>+KeHKI1HCtPororpaC/JI111: ,[I>Koyn Capryp11

Ha o6no111Ker n i 1 H 5 1 H b l ~ reHepan113 apMI111 Lji1Hb W11xyaH1111 .tPoro: 0 . !1y11c Ma33aTeHra

TAK)I(E B HOMEPE

10 OT pe.u;aKTopa NG PoccHH14 llHCbMa20 KorroHKa aMepuKaHcKoro

pe.u;aKTopa NG24 Mccrre.u;oBaTerru


3/142

Ji110Hb 2012 lOOa1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111 111111 1111111 1111111 1111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

102 KoBpbi-nopTpeTbiHa BOCTOKe KOBep BCerAa 6blnAOpon1M noAapKoM. TaKI-1M oHocraeTC511-1 ceroAH51. Asory3opblnoMeH51nl-1cb: B Hawe speM51CaMbiM nonyn51pHbiM CIO}f{8TOMnoAapOYHbiX KOBPOB CTanl-1noprpeTbl.Te1


4/142

OJ PEAAKTOPA ({NG POCCHH))

ABaTap - cp;erraHo B KHTae3TO , Q e ~ C T B V I T e n b H O C8MOe Kp8CVIBOe MeCTO Ha 3eMne?>>- cnpaWVIB8105I y Hawero we-oTorpaa AH,Qpe51 KaMeHesa, o6bexaswero He no OAHOMYpa3y BCIO nnaHeTY. CYA51 no BCeMy, ,[\8, - A H , Q p e ~ OTpbiBaeT B3rn51,[\ OT BVIAO-VICKaTen51. - KOHKypeHL(VIIO MO}!{eTCOCT8BVITb pa3Be 4TO E i p a ~ c - K a H b O H B IOTe>>.

Mb l CTOVIM Ha BepWVIHe CKanbHOrO M8CCVIB8 YnVIHbi08Hb VI CMOTpVIM BHVI3-Ha CK8304HO npeKpaCHble KaMeHHble nVIKVIc ,QepeBb51MVI Ha sepxywKax VI KapHV13ax.JleT QeC51Tb Ha3aA TYT CT05ln , l l , } ! { e ~ M c K3MepoHVI npVIAYMbiBan nnaHeTY naHAOPY Qn51 csoeroABaTapa>>. A TbiC514eneTVI51MVI paHbWe K V I T a ~ C K V I eXYAO}!{HVIKVI 4epnanVI 3,[\eCb BAOXHOBeHVIe ,Qn51CBOVIX H e p e a n b H O ~ KpaCOTbl n e ~ 3 8 } ! { e ~ . Bnpo4eM ,HepeanbHbiMVI An51 MeH51 OHVI nepecTanVI 6b1Tb48C H838,[\, KOr,Qa 5I YBVI,Qen VIX B}!{VIByiO.

AKKypaTHble 6eTOHHbleTPOnVIHKVI nem5110Tcpe,QVI CKan VI nO,QB0,[\51T npaKTW-IeCKVI KO BCeMT04K8M , C KOTOpbiX OTKpbiB810TC51 ny4WVIe BVI,[\bl.KaK? KaK K V I T a ~ L ( b l YMYAPVInVICb npVICTPOVITb K

O T B e C H O ~ CKane 6eTOHHYIO TpOnVIHKy, npOX0,[\5lll.(YIOBbiWe o6naKOB? nepVIna , C,QenaHHble Vl3 npV14YAnVIBO VI30rHYTbiX CTBOnOB ,QepesbeB, npVI 6nVI3KOMpaCCMOTpeHVIVI T8K}!{e OK83biB810TC51 6eTOHHbiMVI ,

c T a p a T e n b H O ~ p y K o ~ MacTepa 3aMaCKVIposaHHblenO,[\ paCTYU.(VIe BOKpyr ,QepeBb51. 1!1 nOA 3 T O ~ T p o n o ~OTBeCH851 1400-MeTpOB851 nponaCTb! 0,QHVITYPVICTbl B y}!{ace nosopa4VIBaiOT o6paTHO cpa3y,e,Qsa c,Qenas napy waros , APYrVIe- HeMHoron03}!{e , KOr,Qa 6eTOH CMeH5leTC51 38KaneHHbiMnpo3p84HbiM CTeKnOM , C8Mble OT4851HHble npO,QOn}!{810T ,[\BVI}!{eHVIe, HO y}!{e Ha 4eTBepeHbK8X.

Ell.(e 20 neT Ha3a,Q, Kor,Qa IOHECKO npV13Hano 3TO Mecro o6beKTOM BceMVIpHoro npVIpO,QHOrO Hacne,QVI51 , B napKe He 6blnO ,[\8}!{e TOn O B O ~ ,[\OpOrVI , a

6 n V I 3 n e } ! { a l l . ( V I ~ nocenoK l.J}j{aHL(351L(3e He 3Ha4VInC51 Ha KapTax. C e ~ 4 a c 3TOn O n Y T O P 8 M V I n n V I O H H b l ~ ropO,Q C 83pOnOpTOM , BOK38nOM, rVIr8HTCKVIM KOHL(epTHbiM 38nOM, C 8 M O ~ , Q n V I H H O ~ K 8 H 8 T H O ~ , Q O p o r o ~ Ha 3eMne VI C8MbiM BbiCOKVIMB MVIpe ropHbiM nVIcpTOM. Ha saweM MecTe 5I 6b l y}!{e 6poHVIposan TYAa 6VIneTbl.noKa 3a OAVIH ,Qonnap ,QaiOT 6onbwe w e c T V I I O a H e ~ .

AfleKcaH,llP /pelH'IeCKOe 0611.1eCTBO, OCHOBaHHOe B 1888 IOAY, - 0)1Ha K p y n H e H W ~ X B M ~ p e H e K O M M e p Y e C K ~ X

o p r a H ~ 3 a l \ ~ H Er o rno6anbHa51 M ~ C C ~ 5 1 - n0)1)18p}I{Ka HayYHbiX, ~ c c n e ) 1 0 B a T e n b C K ~ X o6pa30BaTenbHbiX n p ~ p 0 ) 1 0 0 X p a H H b i XnporpaMM . 06lJ1eCTBO n p o c j J ~ H a H c ~ p o B a n o 6onee 9000 npoeKTOB . NGS BblnycKaenaK}I{e }l{ypHanbl , K H ~ r H , TenenporpaMMbl ,cjJHnbMbl , KapTbl , OVO H MynbTHM8)1HHHbl8 AHCKH Ha 35 513biKaX. MHpOBa51 ay)1HTOpH51 National Geographic- 6onee300 MHnnHOHOB YenoBeK B M8C5ll\.

AJlE KCA H.[\P BAJlEPbEBW IPEK , rnaBHblil pe,aaKTOPAnesn1Ha CyxopyKosa, rnaBHbli1 xy,o,o>KHMKMap"Ha Bonr"Ha, BbJnYCKBJOUjMil pe/lBKTOPMap"" Ko)J{eBH"Koaa, pe/laKrop

A H A p e ~ }l{ypaenee, HBYYHblil peABKTOPAHaCTac" " Kopcj>, pe/lBKTOPAHHa Wacj>paH, n"reparyp HbJil pe/lBKTOpMap"" 5oraYeea, cporopeiJaKrop

o n a ~ Kop3" HOB, peAaKrop cailraH aTaJH1fl Mon4aHOBa, KODPAYIHBTOP PBtlBIa Kc: (49 5 ) 95 6 79 80 ,[email protected] p"H a r onoeaHoea, MeHeA)I{ep,Ten .: (4 9 5 ) 23 2 92 51 , cj>aKc: (4 9 5 ) 232-92-82,[email protected] H BonKOB, AMpeKTOp,a.vo/[email protected].: (4 95 ) 23 2 32 00 , cj>a Kc : (495) 23 2 1 7 60OTAEfl MAPKETHHrACeemaHa AHTO HOBa,MeHeA)I{ep no MapKemHry MPRMap " " Caxapoea, KOOPAMHaropfl toAM " na Ypycoea , accMcTeHTEne Ha HecTepoaa,MeHeA)I{ep npOeKTOB

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINEEDITOR IN CHIEF ChriS JohnS

DEPUTY EDITOR Victoria PopeCREATIVE DIRECTOR Bill Marr

EXECUTIVE EDITORS

H3AATE!lbVl p"H a Koeanee " "KPEATHBHbiH AHPEKTOPPycnaHPEKflAMAAHH a 5 aTblr" Ha, AMpeKrop,[email protected] a Marsee sa, crapw11H MeHeA>Kep,[email protected] br a W"noea, crapwMi1 MeHeA)I{ep,o.shi/[email protected] Ha ,'\a H"n to Koea , MeHeA)I{ep,e. [email protected].: (4 95 ) 2 3 2 3 2 00 ,cj>a Kc : (4 95 ) 9 56 79 80nPOH3BOACTBOOflbra 3aMyxoecKa",HB'-18!1bHI1K DTAena KODPAMHBL{MI1 nelfBT I1VI Hr a EecTpaTo ea, MeHeA)I{ep no neYamVI P"H a YJyH, MeHeA)I{ep no pa6oreC peK!18MOABT8/1RMI1nPEAnE'IATHASI nOArOTOBKASmartpixe/s, Ten.: (495) 74 0 25 95 ,in [email protected]'IATb3A O An Ma3-n pecc",1 23022 MocKea,

nep., 3/ 3 4IOPHCTVl p"H a n no TH"Lj Ka"

De n ni s R. Dimick (Environment), K u rt M u tchler (Photography), Ja m ie Sh reeve (Science)MANAGING EDITOR Lesley B. RogersDEPUTY MANAGING EDITOR D avid B ri n d leyDEPUTY CREATIVE DIRECTOR Ka itl in Yarna l l

DEPARTMENT ART: Jua n Ve laSCO DEPARTMENTS: Ma rgare t G . ZaCkOW itzDIRECTORS DE SIGN: Da v id C . Wh it m or e MAPS: Wi ll ia m E. McNu lty

INTERNATIONAL EDITIONS EDITORIAL DIRECTOR: Am y K o lczakPHOTO AND DESIGN EDITOR: D arren Smith. PHOTOGRAPHIC LIAISON: Lau r a l. For dPRODUCTION: Angela B atzer. ADMINISTRATION : Will ia m Shubert

EDITORS ARABIC Mohamed AI Hammad i BRAZIL Mat thew ShirtS BULGARIA Kr ass im i r D ru me v CHINA Ye Na nCRO ATIA H rvoje P rCiC CZECHIA o m 3 ~ Tu retek ESTONIA Er kk i Peetsalu FRANCE Franco is Mare tGERMANY E rwin B ru n ne r GREECE Ma r ia At matz ido u HUNGARY Tam cis Schlosser INDONESIA H e nd raNoor Saleh ISRAEL D aphne Raz ITALY Ma rco Cattaneo JAPAN Shigeo Ots u ka KOREA Su n -o k Na mLATIN AMERICA O m a r LOpez LITHUANIA Freder ika s Ja n sonas NETHERLANDS / BELGIUM Aart Aarsbe rge nNORDIC COUNTRIES Ka r e n Gunn POLAND Martyn a Wojcie ChOWSka PORTUGAL Go n c a lo Perei raROM ANIA C ri st ian Lascu RussiA Alexander Grek sERBIA Igor Ri l l sLOvENIA Marija Javorn ikSPAIN Jos ep Ca b e llo TAIWAN Roge r Pa n THAILAND Kowi t Ph ad u ng r uangki j TURKE Y Nesibe Ba t

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETYCHAIRMAN AND CEO John faheyPRESIDENT Timothy T. Ke l lyEXECUTIVE MANAGEMENTLEGAL AND INTERNATIONAL EDITIONS : TERRE NCE B . ADA MSONENTERPRISES: L INDA BERKELEYCHIEF DIGITAL OFFICER: JOH N CA LDWELLTELEVISION PRODUCTION : MARYANNE G. CULPEPPERMISSION PROGRAMS: TERRY D. GARCIACHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER: STAVROS H ILARISCOMMUNICATIONS: B ETTY H uDSONCHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER: CHR ISTOPHER A. L IEDELCHIEF MARKETING OFFICER : A MY MANIATISPUBLISHING AND DIGITAL MEDIA : D ECLAN MOOREBOARD OF TRUSTEESJoa n Abrahamson, Michael R. Bonsignore, Jean N. Case,Alexandra Grosvenor Eller, Roger A. Enrico, John Fahey,DanielS. Goldin, Gi lbert M. Grosvenor, Tim T. Kelly,Maria E. Lagomasino, George Munoz, Reg Murphy,Patrick F. Noonan, Peter H. Raven , William K. Reilly,Edward P Roski, Jr., James R. Sasser, B. Francis Saul II,Gerd Schulte-Hillen, Ted Wa itt, Tracy R. WolstencroftINTERNATIONAL PUBLISHINGVICE PRESIDENT, MAGAZINE PUBLISHING: Yulia Petrossian Bo y leVICE PRESIDENT, BOOK PUBLISHING : Rachel lOVeCyn t hia Combs, Ariel De iaco-Lohr, Kelly Hoover, DianaJaksic, Jennifer Liu, Rachelle Perez, Desiree SullivanCOMMUNICATIONSVICE PRESIDENT: B et h FosterRESEARCH AND EXPLORATION COMMITTEECHAIRMAN : P eter H . RavenVICE CHAIRMAN: Joh n M. FrancisKamalj it S. Bawa, Colin A. Chapman , Kei th Clarke,Steven M. Colman, J. Emmett Duffy, Philip Gingerich,Carol P Harden, Jonatha n B. Losos, John O'Loughlin,Naomi E. Pierce, Elsa M. Redmond, Thomas B. Smith ,WirtH. Wills, Melinda A. ZederEXPLORERS-IN-RESIDENCERobert Ballard, James Cameron, Wade Davis, JaredDiamond, Sylvia Earle, J. Michael Fay, Beverly Joubert,De eck Joubert, Louise Leakey, Meave Leakey,Johan Reinhard, En ic Sala, Paul Sereno, Spencer WellsCopyright 2012 National Geographic SocietyAll rights reserved. National Geographic and YellowBorder: Registered Trademarks Marcas Registradas.Na t io nal Geographic assumes no responsibilityfor unsolicited materials.NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC POCCHSI"8 XOAI-1T B COCTaB \11 3.[1aTenbCKOrO .[IOMaSanoma Independent Med ia.n peACeAaTenb Ha6ntoAaTenbHoro c o seTa : ,'lepK Cay3pfeHepanbHbli l l .[11-1peKr o p : Ene Ha MfiCHI-1 KOBaCoseT A" PeKTOpoe: AneKca HAP lyKacoe, M" xa"nAY6 " " EKarep"Ha Ka6a""" Tarb" Ha Wanblr" Ha,TaTbfiHa W I-1W KOBa.}l{ypHan "3AaeTc" " pac npocTpaH"eTc" e)J{eMec"YHO0 0 0 .. n pecc".

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC POCCHSI"HIOHb 2012 r. (N2105)nonHa511-1Ill-1 '-18CTIII'-IH851 nepen'-18TKa 1111160 1-lHO l-1CnOflb30-B8HIII M8lplll81108, ony611111KOB8HHbiX B H8CT051W,M lt13,1:18Hiil lo1 ,68 3 niiiCbMHHOrO pa3pWHl-151 1113A8TIl51 H ,liOnyCK8TCfl.3a c o A e p m a H ~ t ~ e peK!laMHbiX M a r e p ~ t ~ a n o s peAaKL.111151OTBT CTBeHHOCTitl He HCeT.

V13A8HIII 3 a p e ~ t ~ c T p l t l p O B 8 H O B leAepa11bHOH cnym6eno H8A30py 38 C061110A HIIIM 38KOHOA8T11bCTBa B cepeM8CCOBbiX KOMMYH IIIK8L.111111 Ill oxpaHe KYflbTypHOfO H8C11Al-151.P e r ~ t ~ C T P 8 L I I t 1 0 CBI-1AT11bCTBO: nVI NQ ct>C77-25710.Y'-IPAJ.1Teflb Ill 1113A8TIlb mypHana: 000 IO HaHTeA n pecc.127018 MocKsa, yn. n onKosa51, 3, crp. 1.no,llniiiCHbl IIIH,liKCbl B K8T8Il0f8X:Pocne'-laTb - 36877;n pecca P o c c ~ t ~ ~ t ~ - 40865;n 0'-118 POCCIIIIII- 16657.B npo,lla}f{e c 22 Ma51 2012 r.UeHa c s o 6 o , ~ : ~ H a 5 1 .THpa)l{ 140000 3K3.


6/142

nMCbMA Anpenb 2012 r.

0p;Ha cyp;b6a Ha ABOHX (cfteapallb 2011)nonaratO , '-ITO OKa>KyCb B MeHbWitlHCTBe. 0AHaKO, XOT5l 5llt1 n106n10 MOero 6paTa , OH- CaMblfi 6 n ~ t ~ 3 -KI-1fi MHe '-lenoBeK nocne MOefi >KeHbl, npi-1 3TOM 5l COBCeM He paA, '-ITO MHe AOBenOCb POAI-1TbC5l6nlt13Hel..IOM . Eionee TOro, MHe Ka>KeTC5l , '-ITO 3TO CaMOe HeyAa'-IHOe 06CT05lTenbCTBO MOefi >Kit13Hit1.5l nOCT05lHHO C T a n K ~ t ~ B a t O C b C TeM , '-ITO OKpy>KatOW,Itle He Blt1A5lT BO MHe OTAenbHYIO ni-1'-IHOCTb ,An5l HltlX 5l n ~ t ~ W b nonOBitlHa OAHOrO 1..1enoro- 1-1, nOCKOnbKY 5l 6bln pO>KAeH BTOpbiM, MeHbWa5l

n o n o B ~ t ~ H a . C n a c ~ t ~ 6 o , '-ITO Bbl, H a n ~ t ~ c a s o p a 3 n ~ t ~ ' - l l t 1 5 l X 6 n ~ t ~ 3 H e l . . I O B , noMoraeTe pa3Be5lTb o w ~ t ~ 6 o ' - I -HOCTb nOA06HbiX n p e A C T a B n e H ~ t ~ f i . ErOP KOPHEEB, no 3neKTPOHHOil no'ITe

BOJDKCKMe Hm;epblnocne CTaTbl-1 B o n > K c K ~ t ~ e n e s ~ t ~ a c p a Hbl 5l B oLJepeAHOfi pa 3 noAyMana oTOM , '-ITO KOrAa-TO Mltlp 6bln COBCeMA P Y r ~ t ~ M 1-1 X 0 3 5 l f i H ~ t ~ ' - l a n ~ t ~ B HeM HentOAI-1, a r ~ t ~ r a H T C K ~ t ~ e Hw,epbl. Bce

T a K ~ t ~ Y A ~ t ~ B ~ t ~ T e n b H O , '-ITO n ~ t ~ w b nocpparMeHTaM KOCTefil-1 3y60B y'-leHble MOrYT BOCC03AaTb o 6 n ~ t ~ K >KI-1-BOTHOrO 1-1 Y3HaTb, CKOnbKO M ~ t ~ n n i - 1 0 -HOB neT Ha3aA OHO >KitlnO 1-1 '-IeM ni-1-TanOCb. nopa>KatOT 1-1 pa3Mepbl 3Tit1X

x ~ t ~ w , H ~ t ~ K o s : M03a3asp XoKHOCTb OKYHYTbC5l B 3TOT AOItlCTOPI-1'-IeCKitlfi n e p ~ t ~ O A 1-1 npeACTa-

14 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MIOHb 2 0 1 2

BltlTb HaW Mltlp 6e 3 a B T O M 0 6 ~ t ~ n e f i ~ t ~CaMOneTOB, 6e 3 3aBOAOB 1-1 60nbWI-1XAOMOB , MO>KHO CKa3aTb, nO'-ITI-1B nepB03AaHHOM B ~ t ~ A e !

HATAJ111,no 3fleKTpOHHOil nO'ITe

0p;Ha cyp;b6a Ha )J;BOJIX(cjjeapallb 2012)5l - 6 n ~ t ~ 3 H e L \ . n p o ' - l ~ t ~ T a n Bawy CTaTbiO B cpespanbCKOM HOMepe, 1-1 3aAYManC5l BOT o '-!eM . E c n ~ t ~ s c n o M H ~ t ~ T b0 r e H e T ~ t ~ ' - l e C K O f i ~ t ~ A e H T I - 1 ' - I H O C T I - 1 MeH5l1-1 Moero 6paTa, nonyYaeTC5l, '-ITO MOI-1


7/142

nMCbMA

A e T ~ A e T ~ MOeiO 6paTa- He ABOIOPOAHble, a H a n o n o B ~ H Y POAHble6paTbs:l cecTpbl. A 6bl

M a T e p ~ TQ}I{e 6 b l n ~ M O H 0 3 ~ r D T H b i M ~6 n ~ 3 H e L J , a M ~ . A e T ~ H a w e i - i c e M b ~

c e M b ~ Moero 6paTa 6 b l n ~ 6bl cT O Y K ~ 3 p e H ~ s : l r e H e T ~ K ~ P O A H b i M ~

6 p a T b s : J M ~ c e c T p a M ~ .AMHTPHH PbiKOB,

r. Tyna

H a w ~ CbiHOBbs:l - 6 n ~ 3 H e L J , b l . BHewHe O A ~ H a K O B b l e , no xapaKTepynOnHble n p O T ~ B O n O n O } I { H O C T ~ :

O A ~ H - s:JBHbli-1 3KCTpasepT, o6o}l{aeT0 6 L l \ e H ~ e n p o r y n K ~ B O M n a H ~ ~

PeKllaMa.

APY3ei-i, APYrDi-1- ~ H T p o s e p T nl06s:lL l \ ~ i - i noMeYTaTb B A ~ H o Y e c T B e .

EBrEHHSI APTI..I,no 3fleKTpOHHOi1 nO'ITe

K)lBillHH ):VKHHHa(Mapm 2012)8 MapTOBCKOM HOMepe MeHs:l nopa-

3 ~ n a CTaTbs:l npo T e X H O A a i - i B ~ H r . ECTbHaA YeM nOAYMaTb! 3araAO"'HOeo3epo, q m r y p ~ P Y I O L l \ e e BCTaTbe ,AaeT HaM nOHs:lTb, "'TO He TaK-TO BCenpocTO - ell\e C T a n ~ c b Ha 3eMne

y r o n K ~ . He n o K o p ~ s w ~ e c s : J YenoseKy. ,IJ,a "'TO TaM He n O K O p ~ B W ~ e C s : l -Aa}l{e He O T K P b i B w ~ e c s : J eMy.

((AnbnAPM- BbiWE TOnbKO KOCMOC!


Hoc Ka}I{AOi-1 TaKoi-1 3 K c n e A ~ L V - 1 e i - i6eccTpawHble Aai-isepbl, p ~ c K y s : J} 1 { ~ 3 H b l 0 MeTp 3a MeTpOM n p ~ O T KpbiBaiOT 3aBecy Tai-iH, n p ~ 6 n ~ } l { a s : JHaCK n O H ~ M a H ~ I O M ~ p a , B KOTOpOMMbl } I { ~ B e M . 111 XOTb 3Ta 3 K C n e A ~ I . . J , ~ s : lHe yseHYanacb 6 o n b W ~ M ycnexoM ,6bln n p ~ o 6 p e T e H 6ecLJ,eHHbli-i onbiT.

AHAHA EflEHHHKOBA,r. MHHCK, 6enapycb

)J;aMa c ceKpeTOM(ifjeBpallb 2012)XoTena 6bl H a n ~ c a T b "'TO 3 H a M e H ~ Tbli-i ~ H } I { e H e p nacKanb KoTT, 3 y Y a

I O L 1 \ ~ i - i nonoTHa JleoHapAo , o6Hapy-

KoMaHAaAnbnapHHasepwHHaxMHpa>> WTypMyeT CaMyiO

BbiCOKYIO ropy 3eMnH - 3BepeCT(8848 MeTpOB).

3TO TpeTbe BOCXO>KAeHitle KOMaHAbl, LJ,enbKOTOpoi-1 - 3a 300 AHei-1 no HeCT8HA8PTHbiM M8PWPYT8M n O K O p ~ T b CeMb BbiCOY a i - i w ~ x s e p w ~ H nnaHeTbl. Cei-iYac 3KCneAitll.\ltl5l pa6oraer Ha cesepHoM cKnoHe3sepecra. 3ror noAbeM cno>KHee KnacCitiYecKoro HenanbCKOrD MapWpYTaltl3-3a cypOBbiX BeTpOB ill HenpeACKa3yeMOi-i norOAbl. A n b n ~ H ~ C T b l npoBeAYTB ~ t ~ 6 e T e 59 AHei-1, roTOBs:lCb KBbiXOAYHa BepWitiHy, - ltiHanbHOMY pbiBKy,Koropbli-1 norpe6yer co6parb see c ~ t ~ n b l .OHnai-iH-penopra>Kitl Ha cai-ire npoeKra:www.alpari-life.ru


8/142

nHTbiH 106MnEHHbiH ECTMBAnb JlMKAH MHTA)) 1-3 HIOHSI B 3THOMHpe npOMAeT nHTbiM106HneMHbiM cJ>eCTHBanb ,QHKaSI MSITa!

>KI1/111 11AeHTI1l1l..\11POBa/l OTne4aTOKnallbl..\a neoHaPAO s nesoM sepxHeM yrny nopTpeTa. Pe3yllbTaTblera 1 1 C C / l e A O B a H I 1 ~ MOHbl nl13bl c noMOW,biO M Y i l b T I 1 C n e K T p a n b H O ~OTOKaMepbl MO>KHO YB11AeTbHa BbiCTaBKe B MOCKBe.

HAHnSI ASAYnXAKOBA,no 3neKTpOHHOii nO'ITe

0AHO 113 AOKa3are/lbCTB B03MO>KHOro asTopcTsa Aa BI1H411 3By4anoTaK: WTpi1XOBKa S'lBHO BblnOilHS'll laCb n e s o ~ p y K o ~ . a neoHaPAO , KaK113BeCTHO, 6bll l l l e B W O ~ 0AHaKOMHOrl1e XYAO>KHI1KI1 HeMHOra pa3-BOpa411BaiOT XO/lCT 11/111 Aa>Ke nepeBOpa411BaiOT era ssepx HoraMI1,4T06bl YA06Hee 6blllO BblnonHI'lTbwTpi1XOBKY Alll'l C03AaHI11'l T e H e ~ .Ecn11 XYAO>KHI1K-npaswa nepesep-

HY/1 XO/lCT, 4T06bl BblnOilHI1Tb WTpi1-XOBKy, pa3Be He 6yAeT 3TO Bblrlll' lAeTb TaK, KaK 6yATO ee BblnO/lHS'l/1neswa?

KEH r3PH,r. CaH-AMero, KanMOpHM!I, CWA

OTOMaCTepYA11BI1TellbHO, CKOilbKO npeKpacHoraBOKpyr Hac! Mbl 11HOrAa 3TOronpocTo He 3aMe4aeM. AHaCTOI'lw,eeyMeHI1e oTorpaa 3aKI1104aeTCI'l sTOM, 4T06bl nepeAaTb Kpacory Ml1pas Ka>KAOM KaApe . Mana npocTo coTorpal1posaTb 1..\BeTOK- HaCTOS'l

W , 1 1 ~ ororpa AOil>KeH cTapaTbCI'lCAellaTb K a > K A b l ~ KaAp YHI1KallbHbiM .rl ca M 04eHb 111061110 oTorpa11po-

Ha cpecn1Ballb CbeAyrCSIIlY'lWI1e apTI1CTbl coscex yronKOB cseTa. 3a TPI1 AHSI 3AeCb 6yAeTnpeACTasneH w11po'lailw11il MY3biKallbHblilcneKTP world music! 6yAeT s e e - 3alli1XBaTCKI1e 6allKaHCKI1e MellOA111111 KellbTCKI1epi1TMbl, canbca 11 cpnaMeHKO, pyccKI1e HaneBbll1 a4Jpo611T, 3THOA>Ka3 11 CO/lHe'lHaSI parra .Tonino Carotone 1131-icnaHI11111 Oquestrada113 nopryra/11111, Budlillus 113 repMaHI11111 H11HOKaTaMaA3e 113 rpy31111, HOpBe>KCK11H KBapTeTKatzenjammer 11/lereHAapHaSI 4>11HCKaSIVarttina. AI1KaSI MS!Ta - TeMa 3TOro neTa!nponyCTI1Tb - Ce6e He npOCTI1Tb.http:/ mintmusic.ru/

BaTb , OC06eHHO B pe>KI1Me MaKpOCbeMKI1- OHa 3aCTaBill 'leT BHI1MaTellbHe e OTHOCI1TbCS'l K Me/l04aM. BeAbAa>Ke Kannl'l BOAbl, 3aCTbiBWal'lHa BeTKe B 311M HeM CaAy,MO>KeT CTaTb OT/1114HbiM KaApOM.Aew,e MH e HpaBI1TCI'l , 4TO c noMoW,biO oTorpal111 l'l Mary nepeAaTbCBOe OTHOWeHI1e K OKpy>KaiOW,eMyMeHS'l Ml1py, K CBOI1M 6J1113KI1M 11APY3bl'lM. r16epy s PYKI1 oToannapa T, KaK TO/lbKO BbiAaeTCS'l CB060AHaS'l MI1HyrKa. 3 ro YA11BI1TellbHal'lB03MO>KHOCTb - sepHyrbCS'l B TOT11/111 1 1 H O ~ MOMeHT >KI13HI1 , npOCMaTPI1BaS'l CHI1MKI1.

APTEM EAOPOB,r. AeAOBCK, MocKoBcKa! l o6nacTb

>KAEM BAWHX nHCEM no aApecy: National Geographic PoccHH , 127018 Moc KBa,yn. non KOBaH, 3, CTp . 1 E-MAIL: [email protected] nHCb Ma peAa KTHpy toTCH .


9/142

nMCbMA

CJHIBKH co6a'lberoo6m;ecTBa(cfteBpallb 2012)HeMel.\KOMY AOry 6ptOccenbCKOMYrpwpcj)oHy 6 b l n ~ K y n ~ p o s a H b l -

BCe 3TO p a A ~ TOro, 4T06bl CTO-TOP4KOM. 3m He r e H e T ~ 4 e c K ~

HacneAyeMoe csoeicTBO. K y n ~ p o s a yweei- x ~ p y p r ~ 4 e c K a H onepa

l . \ ~ H . KOTOpaH n p ~ 4 ~ H H e T > K ~ B O T H b i MH e C T e p n ~ M Y I O 60nb. V 1 c c n e A O B a H ~ HnoKa3biBaiOT, 4TO C 0 4 K ~ 3 p e H ~ HM e A ~ l . \ ~ H b l H ~ K a K o e i nonb3bl co6aKaM TaKOe y c o s e p w e H C T B O B a H ~ eHe n p ~ H o c ~ T . ,lJ,enaeTcH 6one3HeHHaH o n e p a l . \ ~ H ~ c K n i 0 4 ~ T e n b H O

PeKllaMa.

~ 3 C 0 0 6 p a > K e H ~ C i C O O T B e T C T B ~ HCOBpeMeHHbiM n p e A C T a B n e H ~ H Mo KpacoTe nopoAbl. B e T e p ~ H a p b l Ha

n p O T H > K e H ~ ~ M H O f ~ X neT nbiTaiOTCHy 6 e A ~ T b C06aKOBOAOB OTKa3aTbCHOT 6eCCMbiCneHHOCi npol.(eAYPbl,HO noKa He n p e y c n e n ~ B3TOM.

A. YOTEPKeK-paccenTepbep H a n o n o B ~ H Y nacTYWbH co6aKa (ABa>KAbl BAeHb OH BblnacaeTHaC C>KeHOCi, BbiBOAH Ha nporynKy),a H a n o n O B ~ H y O X O T H ~ K (COBCeMTepHeT ronosy, KOrAa Bnecy npecne-

AYeT oneHH 3aeil.(a). BononbKOCOXOTbl OH H ~ K O f A a H ~ 4 e r o Hen p ~ H O C ~ T HO 3TO H ~ 4 Y T b He n ~ w a e Tero o 4 a p o s a H ~ H n p ~ s n e K a T e n b H O -

B a w ~ x rna3ax.AEH/1 XAiiPOH,

r. TaAnM, BenMK06pMT8HMR

CrraceHHbie ClilpOTbl(ceHmH6pb 2011)oeACTBeHHOe n o n O > K e H ~ e CnOHOBH a n o M H ~ n o MHe cnosa MapKa TseHa:TOT cj)aKT, 4TO 4enOBeK MO>KeT O T n ~ -

4 ~ T b A06po OT 3na, AOKa3biBaeT ero~ H T e n n e K T Y a n b H O e npeBOCXOACTBOHaA B C e M ~ > K ~ B b i M ~ C y l l . l e C T B a M ~ ;

CEMEHHbiH KYnHHAPHbiH CI>ECTHBAnb ((BKYCHO H n o n E 3 H O ~ ~


}l{ypHan ,QoMaWHVIill 04ar n p ~ t ~ r n a w a e r sacnoceTVITb ceMeiiiHblill K y n ~ t ~ H a p H b l i l l e c r ~ t ~ s a n b ~ H a n K y n ~ H a p H o r o KOHKypca

P O M a H T ~ K a B pel.(emaX>> MHO>K8CTBO , [ l p y r ~ X ~ H T e p e C H b i X p a 3 B n 8 4 8 H ~ C \ .www.cooking.goodhouse.ru


10/142

ABTOPbl CAMbiX lllHTEPECHbiX nlllCEM nonYLIAK>T nOJ].APKlllny4wee nlt1CbMO B 3TOM M8C5lLj8 HaM npltlcnan ApTeM eAOPOB!113 ropoga ,ll,egoscKa. B nogapoK ApreM nony4aer gopmKHYIOcyMKY GANT !113 rpaglt1Ljlt10HHoei gn5l 6peHga 5lXTeHHoei KonneKL11t11t1 , KOTOpa5l B HOBOM C830H8 Ha3biBaeTC5l Navy Nauticallt1 BAOXHOBneHa T8MOCilt1geanbHOro MOpCKOrO nyreweCTBit15l.

HO TO, 4TO OH npit1 3TOM TBOplt1T 3nO,AOKa3biBaeT, 4TO B MOpanbHOMOTHOW8Hit11t1 OH CltlnbHO !11M ycrynaeT >>,

A>KO PACCETTO,r. YaiiTxonn, neHcMnbBaHMR, CWA

IlO,LJ;BO)J;HOC u;apCTBO(py6pl1Ka OTOMaCTCp );0,LJ;Ha Cy,LJ;b6a Ha )J;BOJIX(cjjeBpallb 2012)048Hb noHpaslt1nlt1Cb pa6oTbl ,ll,>+oroMacrep. Hlt1KOrAa npe>+++++ - y caMof1 ecrb cecrpa-6nlt13Hew. 3axsarlt1na lt1CTOplt15l o6nlt13H8LjaX, KOTOpble BOCnlt1TbiBanlt1Cb pa3A8nbHO , HO npO>+++


11/142

KOnOHKA AMEPMKAHCKOrO PEAAKTOPA NG

Ham 'lerroBeK BKHTaeHeKoropble Hac n n a H ~ P Y I O T 6yAyw,ee 3apaHee ,C O H O C T ~ OTKnaAb1Ba5l A 8 H b r ~ Ha 4 8 p H b l ~ A8HbAa}j{e ew,e Aanbwe- Ha n e H C ~ I O . Ho n e p B b l ~ K ~ T a ~

C K ~ ~ ~ M n e p a T O p L \ ~ H b W ~ x y a H A ~ npeB30Wen BC8X.OH n p ~ K a 3 a n ~ 3 r o T O B ~ T b ce6e a p M ~ I O TbiC5l4 r n ~ HI'lHbiX B O ~ H O B B HaTypanbHYIO B e n ~ 4 ~ H y BOOpy}!{8HHbiX 6 p O H 3 0 B b i M ~ M 8 4 a M ~ , 3apb1Tb B03ne C B 0 8 ~

M o r ~ n b l - 4T06bl 3 a W , ~ T ~ T b ce65l B B e 4 H O C T ~ .J l y ~ c Ma33aTeHTa, o r o r p a c j m ~ ~ n n i O c T p ~ p y

IOT B 3TOM HOMepe paCCKa3 0 HOBbiX HaXOAKaX B Y H ~ KanbHOM 3 a X O p O H 8 H ~ ~ H8AaneKO OT K ~ T a ~ C K O r O ro POAa c ~ a H I ' l , n p ~ w e n B Haw }j{ypHan ew,e B 1961 ro A Y- n o M o w , H ~ K O M s OTAen ~ n n 1 0 c r p a l . \ ~ ~ - noroMoH KaKoe-ro speM5l pa6oran B ra3eTe MinneapolisTribune, c n y } j { ~ n B a p M ~ ~ - sepHyncH K HaM.3a cso10 30-neTHIOIO Kapbepy B National GeographicOH ycnen nopa6oraTb peAaKTopoM OTAena ~ n n i O c r p a

L \ ~ ~ . P Y K O B O A ~ n OTAenoM A ~ 3 a ~ H a B e p C T K ~ HaKOH8L\, cran A ~ P 8 K T O p O M KOHTpOnbHOrO L\8HTpa - OTAe-na , O T O p b l ~ O T C n 8 } ! { ~ B a e T C n O } ! { H O C T ~ n p 0 ~ 3 B O A C T B a .Ho l y ~ c ceroAHI'l H p a s ~ T C I ' l speMI'l or p e M e H ~Bbl83}!{aTb C H ~ M a T b < j ) O T O ~ C T O p ~ ~ ycneWHO COBM8-W,a5l 3TO 3 a H 5 l T ~ e C n p 0 4 ~ M ~ C B O ~ M ~ 0 6 5 l 3 a H H O C T 5 l M ~ .

J l y ~ c Ma33aT8HTa BbiWen Ha n e H C ~ I O B 1994 rGAY, OAHaKO 3TO n ~ W b


12/142

171AWA M M C C M ~C 1888 roAa HaLV10HanbHoe reorpaH4ecKoe o 6 ~ e c T B O opraHH30BanoTbiCSI4H Hay4HbiX 3KCneAHLI,HH H nyTeWeCTBHH no BCeM KOHTHHeHTaM 3eMnH,BOBneKaSI 4HTaTeneH B MHp Aep3HOBeHHbiX npHKnl04eHHH H HCCneAOBaHHH.nPorPAMMbl H rPAHTbl (Grantmaking andExplorer Programs) KpynHeC1was:J B ~ p eHeKOMMep'-lecKas:J Hay'-lHas:J n p o c s e r ~ renbcKas:J o p r a H ~ 3 a L J , ~ 5 l , 06Ll.\eCTBO

c r a s ~ T csoee1 u,enbiO w ~ p o K o e y ' - l a c r ~ eKa>t t < e H ~ ~ pacnpo

c r p a H e H ~ ~ r e o r p a c p ~ ' - l e C K ~ x 3 H a H ~ C 1 .n o , Q p 0 6 H O C T ~ C M O T p ~ T e Ha cae1Tewww.nationalgeographic.com/field/grants-programsKOMHTET no HCCnEAOBAHHRM HH3bi-CKAHHRM (Committee for Research andExploration) 6onee era neT 3 a H ~ M a e r c s : J< P ~ H a H c ~ p o s a H ~ e M pa3Hoo6pa3HbiXnpoeKTOB ~ 3 K c n e , Q ~ u , ~ C 1 (s TOM ' - l ~ c n e

B o c c ~ ~ ) Ha KOTOpble B b i , Q e n ~ n170 M ~ n n ~ o H o B ,Qonnapos. C p e , Q ~ ero

, Q o c r ~ > t < e H ~ C 1 - p a c K o n K ~ s M a ' - l y - n ~ K ' - l y ,0 6 H a p y > t < e H ~ e T ~ T a H ~ K a O T K p b i T ~ s : l

M ~ p o s o r o ypoBHs:l, c,QenaHHble ,lJ,>tOHA OXPAHbl AHKOH nPHPOAbl(Conservation Trust) n o , Q , Q e p > t < ~ B a e T

< P ~ H a H c o s o KaK noneBble ~ c c n e , Q o s a H ~ s : l ,CBs:J3aHHble c oxpaHoC1 oKpy>tttt t < ~ s a e r CoseT, - ~ c c n e , Q o B a H ~ s : l M ~ p o -soro oKeaHa, a p x e o n o r ~ ' - l e c K ~ e oTKpbi

T ~ s : J , n e p s o s o c x o > t < , Q e H ~ s : J . n o , Q p o 6 H o c r ~C M o r p ~ r e Ha cae1re www.nationalgeographic.comjfieldjgrants-programs/exped itions-counci l.htm IrPAHTbl MOnOAbiM nYTEWECTBEHHHKAM(Young Explorers Grants) 06Ll.\eCTBOnpe,QOCTaBns:leT c p ~ H a H C O B Y I O nOMOLl.\bMOnO,QbiM ~ c c n e , Q O B a T e n s : J M OT 18 [1025 neT, C T ~ M y n ~ p y e r rex, KTO snepBbleompasns:Jercs:J B none . o . Q p o 6 H o c r ~c M o T p ~ r e Ha cae1re www.nationalgeographic.comjfieldjgrants-programs/young-explorers.html

nnAHETE HY}t{HA HAWA nOMOW.b


13/142

YunbHM CamypHo

HaLJMOHanbHOe reorpacjm'leCKoe06Ll.leCTBO, OCHOBaHHOe B 1888 IO,lly,notJ.tJ.ep>Kano 6onee 10 Tb/Cfl'-114CCfle,llOBaTeflbCK/4X npoeKTOB, BHOCflCBOilt BKfla,ll B 143Y'IeHMe 3eMfl/4.

P e ~ K u : e HacTeHHbie pocnu:cu:uMaHH, C ~ e J i a H H b i e OKOJIO

1200 JieT H a 3 a ~ , 3HaKOMHT HaC Co6pa30M MbiiDJieHHH p e B H H X .



14/142

MMCCJUI J1Jy ttumb u coxpaHumb pocnucu MaiiH

HA nEPBbiH B3rm'I,Q B 3TOM KYPrAHE HET HI-1'-IErO npi-1Me4aTenbHOrO- npocTo ropKa 3eMnlt1 1-1 K a M H e ~ , n o p o c w a s : ~T p a B O ~ 1-1 AepeBbs:IMI-1. 0H HaXOAI-1nCS1 Bnecy, HeAaneKO OTlt13BeCTHoro naMS1THI-1Ka M a ~ s : ~ , ropOAitlll.\a WynbryH B saTeMane, PS1AOM c APYrltlM apxeonorlt14eCKI-1M pacKonoM ,rAe 11 pa6oTan y>Ke AeCS1Tb neT. 0AHa>KAbl MapoAepbl npo-61t1nlt1 BHeM TYHHenb BnoltlcKax APeBHero 3axopoHeHit1S1 .1!1 CTYAeHry, K O T O p b l ~ Hawen TaM nonypa3pyweHHYIO CTeHy

T A ~ P O H TEPHEP


15/142

YunbHM CamypHo

Kapu6cr.:orUJynbTYH 0 Mopee eABa 3aMeTHbiMf1eneAaMf-1 KpaeKf-1,11 , nOMHf1Te11, eKa -3an: 3Aeeb 'HO-TO6blno, HO renepby}!{e Hf'lYero HeT .V1 Bee }!{e MHOf:i OBnaAeno mo6onbiTeTso. 51 BeKpbln ereHy

5EJ'IIil3

rOH.QYPACanao .. lOO CAJlbBAAOP1---Y

f-1 YBf-lAen 3aMeYarenbHblf:i noprper npaBf1Tenl1 B .\Bere, -1 nepbl1 Ha ero OAe-11Hf'lf1 ornf-lBanf-1 11pKo-rony6biM. 51 paeeMe11ne11: 6b1Baer}!{eTaKoe! Mano KOMYYAaBanoeb Haf:irf-1 APeBHf'le HaereHHble poenf-lef-1 Maf111 , HO MHe HeeKa3aHHO noBe3no. Xorenoeb 6bl eKa3aTb , YTO TYT eeTb f-1 MOI1 3aenyra , HO HeT -3TO npoero YAaYa. KorAa Mbl paeKonanf-1 noMell\eHf'le Wf1-Pf1Hof11 ,8 MeTpa, TO YBf-lAenf-1 MHOIOf'lrypHyiO poenf'lebe KoponeM . 0AHa f-13 f'lryp , e nanoYKof:i An11 nf'lebMa BpyKe , 6blna noAnf-leaHa- MnaAWf-lf:i 6par 06ef1Af-laH.A se11 ereHa oKa3anaeb f'lenell\peHa 3HaKaMf1.

51 AYMaiO , YTO 3TO 6blno pa6oyee nf-160 yye6Hoe noMeLl\eHf'le An11 nf'lel.\OB, XYAO}!{Hf'lKOB f-lnf-1 yYeHbiX. 0Hf1 pa6o-26 NATIONAL GEOGR A PHIC MIOHb 2 0 1 2

Tanf-1 HaA YeM-TO , f'lMeBWeM 60nbWOe 3HaYeHf'le An11 06-Ll\eeTBa. V13Ta KOMHaTa n03BOnf'lna HaM 3alni1HYTb BMblenf-1 APeBHf'lX Maf111 . V13yYf1B YeTblpe eron6f1Ka e 6onbWf1Mf1Yf-lenaMf-1 , Mbl e KOnneraMf-1 nOHI1nf1, YTO 3TO BbiYf-leneHf-111 ,OeHOBaHHble Ha KaneHAape f-1 aeTpOHOMf'lYeeKf'lX 3HaHf111XMaf111 , KOTOpble 3arni1Hynf1 B6YAYL1\ee npf'lMepHO Ha eeMbTblei1Yenerf'lf1. Bee 3TO 6blno eAenaHo B 813-M f-lnf-1 814 mAY. 3a 75 neT AO f'leYe3HOBeHf111 WynbTyHa . K TOMY speMeHf-1 MHOrf'le AOnf'lHbl Maf:i11 y}!{e onyerenf-1 . HaYf1Hanel1ynaAOK. MeHI1nf'leb Mapwpyrbl roproBbiX nyref:i. >Kf13HbB WynbTyHe wna eBOf'lM YepeAOM , HO niOAf-1 Oll\Yll\anf-16eenOKOf:ieTBO. V1M XOTenOeb eB513aTb e06biTf111 f-13 }!{f-13-Hf-1 esoero npaBfo1Tenl1 e rpaHAf103HbiMf1 KOeMf-lYeeKf-lMf-1l.\f-lKnaMf-1 . V1M xorenoeb AOKa3aTb , YTO see 6yAeT xopowo.

HaM Ba}!{HO nOHI1Tb, YTO APeBHf'le Maf:i11 f-leXOAf-lnf-1 f-13HenpepbiBHOeTf-1 eyll\eeTBOBaHf-111 Mf'lpa. 0Hf1 He npeAeKa3biBanf1 KOHL(a eBeTa : HaYHeTe51 HOBblf:il.\f'lKn , 6blnf1yBepeHbl OHf-1 . BOT YTO Mbl Y3Hanf1 B TOf:i KOMHaTe . 3HaKf1 Ha eTeHaX - paeYeTbl nOBTOpl1eMOeTf1 KOeMf'lYeeKf'lX11BneHf'lf1. Maf111 f-leKanf-1 AOKa3arenbeTBa Hef13MeHHOeTf16b1Tf111. AMbl }!{f'lBeM BQ}!{f-lAaHf-lf-1 KOHL(a: 3TO eoBepweHHOf'lHOf:i 06pa3 MbiWneHf-111. Yl1nbRM CarypHo

OTO: T A ~ P O TEP HEP NGM MAPS


16/142


17/142


18/142

DOTO I M T A T E n H n p ~ C b l l l a i 1 r e e a w ~ < j > o r o r p a < j > ~ ~ Ha Haw 311eKrpoHHbli1 aApec [email protected] u-

,Qonopc 6ac, r. AHrnec, V1cnaHI-15lAonopc 5ac AaBHO xorenocb Bblpa3VITb CYTb nVIYHOCTI-1 naKo, csoero APYra 1-1 co6paTa no I-1CKyccTBy, c KoropbiM oHa 3HaKoMay)f{e 40 neT. Ycraporo cKynbmopa naKo c e ~ Y a c npo6neMbl co 3peHI-1eM , HO 3AeCb , B csoeM AOMe B }f{l-1poHe, OH Hacna)f{AaeTC51B03MO)f{HOCTbiO 3arn5lHYTb BHYTPb ce651 , paccMaTpVIBa51 pacne4aTKY CBOero M03ra , CAenaHHYIO BO BpeM51 CKaHI-1pOBaHVI51.

32 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC Jt!IOHb 2 0 1 2

rappM Kal.lbHerep,r. C)l1-1nnax, Ascrpl-15lJeM rny6)f{e MOn4aHI-1e,TeM B03BbiWeHHee BAOXHOBeHI-1e , - rosop1-1r 5 5 - n e T H I - 1 ~Kal.(b5lerep . CAeTCTBa 6peAI-1B

W I - 1 ~ r p e l . ( l - 1 e ~ , H04HOe He60HaA o 6 c e p s a T O p l - 1 e ~ renMocBCesepHoM nenonoHHece oHCH51n , I-1CnOnb3Y51 Ani-1TenbHYIO3KCn031-1l.\l-110 .


19/142

DOTO I M T A T E n H-

AneKcaHAPa 5ypaKosa, r. K ~ e s Y K p a ~ H aB ~ e s e 4 an penH npowna paH I..IY3CKa51 secHa . Ha C o ~ i i c K o i i n n o 1 1 1 a A ~ B b i C T Y n a n ~ C y M a c w e A w ~ e 3 B O H a p ~ . C noMOU1biOMOU1HOi1 Y C T a H O B K ~ L\BeTOK ) ! { ~ 3 H ~ < j l p a H I . . I Y 3 C K ~ e a p T ~ C T b l y 4 a C T H ~ K ~ 3TOrO n ~ 4 H O I O WOy, o K a 3 a n ~ npeBOCXOAHYIO a K p o 6 a T ~ K Y

KnoyHaAy. 8 TO BpeM51 KaK aKTepbl-aKpo6aTbl ~ c n o n H 5 l n ~ B ~ P T Y 0 3 H b l e T p i O K ~ MY3biKaHTbl A a p ~ n ~ MHOIOTbiC514HOi1 Tonne4YA6CHYIO MY3b1Ky.


CepreH ropOAHH"'eB,r. ,ll,oHei..IK, Y K p a ~ H anonyocTpOB 51 Man,72-51 napannenb. KoHel..lceHT516p51. Ha 6epery o3epaC T O ~ T nan aTKa reonoros,

B O K p y r T ~ W ~ H a a H e 6 oo3ap5leT cesepHoe c ~ 5 1 -

.. . T a K ~ X MOMeHTOB C T O ~ T noexaTb HaCesep.


20/142

Anna TpHWHHa,r . MOCKBaIVIManaVI . 3aTVIWbe nocne 6ypVI y nOAHO)f{VI51 rop. ii1HAVI51, WT8T ,IJ,)f{8MMYVI KawMVIp, MapT 2012 roAa.

BnaAHMHP MapTbiHOB,r . MocKsaBeCHOii , KOrA8 CXOAVIT neA, BOA8 B MenKVIX HenpOTOYHbiX npyA8X 6eAH8 KVICnOpOAOM,n03TOMY Kapnbl nnaB810T Ha nosepXHOCTVI , 38XB8TbiB851 B03AYX VI npVIBOA51 B KpaiiHIOIOCTeneHb B036Y)f{A8HVI51 rp8)f{A8H, OK838BWVIXC51 B 3TOT MOM8HT Ha 6epery.


21/142

DOTO I M T A T E n H-

Po6611 WoH, r. V1Hc6pyK, ABcTpV1fl

EipaMaH KoHmt,Kom1Ma , e K C ~ K a

n p o e c c ~ O H a n b H b l f i cepep, n o c n e A H ~ e Aecsnb neT

K a H n ~ ~ l J 1 e T a6coniOTHO~ A e a n b H b l e Anfl cepV1HrasonHbl, TO ecTb 6 o n b w ~ e

nonble, 4T06bl noKaTaTb-Cfl Ha n O C H ~ M a T b

B H y r p ~ BOnHbl. Ta , 4TOoKa3anacb PflAOM ceraAOMOM , KaK pa3 TO , 4TO6blno HY)f{HO. BbiTflHyraflpyKa HanpaBnfleT 32-neTHero cepepa CKB03b

3 a K p y 4 ~ B a i O l J 1 Y I O C f lBOAflHYIO BOpOHKy.

Po66V1 WaH , omrpa 3aflAnbli1 cneneonor, p ~ A a e T HOBbli-1 CMblcn n o c n o B ~ L \ e r n f l A ~ B o6a, Aa He pa36ei1 no6a . npaBAa, B3TOM cny4ae, rnflA8Tb HaAO He Bo6a, a B n ~ H Y HanapHV1Ka - BAOnb 3aKpenneHHoi1 s e p e B K ~ ABOe cneneonoros n o A H ~ M a i O T C f l nocTeHe nelJ1epbl. Mbl 3aMep3nV1 n p o M o K n ~ noA 6pbl3raMV1 BOAonaAa, - r o s o p ~ T WaH.- Ho 3TO n y c T f l K ~ fl 6bln nonoH 3 H e p r ~ ~ .. .



22/142

nH3a PeHX,r. CaHKT-neTep6yprCHI-IM851 AOCTonpi-IMe4aTenbHOCTI'i, YIOTHble Ka


23/142


24/142


25/142

HOBOCTM

06wmaJC noOMOCKOBHaJC zuopaB XVIII BeKe onwnaMu Ha3mux o6umamenJCx He6onbutuxnpyooa u o3ep yaneKancJC Bbtc-muu CBem Eaponbl Cnpaaa:nonepettHbtu cpe3 ~ y n a l l b l { aceaepoaMepuKaHCKOU zuopbl(Hydra magnipapillata), nonepucfiepuu Komopozo BUOHblcmpeKamellbHbte KnemKu ;meMHblM l{BCmOM npoKpauteHcaemottyacmaumellbHblU 6enoK42 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC liiiOHb 2 0 1 2

Y6MBarom;a.a B3rJIH,IJ;OM, [ \ p e B H ~ e r p e K ~ n p ~ A y M a n ~ MHO}I{eCTBOM ~ < ! > w - l e c K ~ x cyll.(eCTB , Ka3anocb 6bi o6naAaBw ~ x c o s e p w e H H O H e n p a B A O n O A 0 6 H ~ M ~

c n o c o 6 H O C T 5 l M ~ . loproHa MeAy3a y 6 ~ s a n aB3rn5lAOM, a y e p H e ~ C K O ~ r ~ A P b l 3aHOBO

o r p a c r a n ~ orpy6neHHble ronoBbl B 3noxyn p o c s e l l . ( e H ~ s : l yYeHble c r a n ~ AaBaTb ~ M e H aM ~ < j > ~ 4 e C K ~ X C 0 3 A a H ~ ~ peanbHbiM o p r a H ~ 3 -MaM , B 4eM-TO H a n O M ~ H a i O L l . ( ~ M C B O ~ X aHTa

C T ~ 4 e C K ~ X Te30K Y a n e H b K O ~ n p e C H O B O A H O ~r ~ A P b l A e ~ c T B ~ T e n b H O 3aHoBo orpacra10rM H O r 0 4 ~ C n e H H b l e Ll.(ynanbl..la, a HeKOTOpble eeM O p C K ~ e P O A C T B e H H ~ K ~ - MeAY3bl - cnoco6Hbl

y 6 ~ B a T b n i O A e ~ . Te, KTO B b l } l { ~ n nocne HanaAeH ~ s : l Ky6oMeAY3bl Chironex fleckeri, yrsep}\{AaIOT, 4TO 4 Y B C T B O B a n ~ . 6yATO T b i C 5 l 4 ~ pacKaneHHbiX r B 0 3 A e ~ BOH3aiOTC5l B reno

T b i C 5 l 4 ~ r B 0 3 A e ~ " - crpeKarenbHbleK n e T K ~ . K O T O p b i M ~ BOOpy}l{eHbl r ~ A P b l ,MeAY3bl, KOpannbl , nOTOMY BCeX 3 T ~ X } I { ~ B O T HbiX Ha3biBaiOT C T p e K a i O L l . ( ~ M ~ , K H ~ A a p ~ s : l

. Ka}\{Aas:l raKas:l KneTKa C O A e P } I { ~ T ny3blpeKC lAOM c n ~ p a n b H O CBepHyryiO Tpy604KY Cw ~ n a M ~ . E c n ~ 4 Y B C T B ~ r e n b H b l e K n e r K ~ r ~ A P b lOll.(yll.(aiOT n p ~ 6 n ~ } l { e H ~ e A 0 6 b l 4 ~ . rpy604KaBCero 3a 700 HaHOCeKYHA p a C K P Y 4 ~ B a e T C 5 l

B b i C T p e n ~ s a e r c a K o ~ c ~ n o ~ 4TO w ~ n b ln p o 6 ~ B a i O T Aa}l{e n a H l . . I ~ P b pa4Ka V1 flA nocrynaer B K a H ~ o 6 p e 4 e H H O ~ }l{epTBbl

CeroAHI'l HeKoropble ceKpeTbl cMeprenbHoroo p y } \ { ~ 5 l pacKpbiTbl Ka}\{Aas:l 4 Y B C T B ~ r e n b H a 5 lKneTKa ~ H H e p s ~ p y e r 6arape10 rpex AeC5lTKOB crpeKarenbHbiX XOT5l rna3, B HaweM n o H ~ M a H ~ ~ . y ~ A P b l HeT, OHa 4YBCTByeT ~ 3 M e H e H ~ e

O C B e l l . ( e H H O C T ~ , - r o s o p ~ T , [ \ 3 B ~ A n n a 4 e T 3 K ~~ 3 K a n ~ < j > o p H ~ ~ c K o r o y H ~ B e p c ~ r e r a ( , [ \ 3 B ~ c ) . -KorAa reHb }l{epTBbl naAaer Ha r ~ A P Y oHaaraKyer, pa3p5l}l{a5l f l A O B ~ T b l e K n e T K ~ " -B }\{e KneTKax r ~ A P MeAy3 COAep}l{aTC5l

C B e T 0 4 Y B C T B ~ T e n b H b l e pel..lenTOpbl 6 e n K ~ ,K O H T p o n ~ p y i O L l . ( ~ e B O C n p ~ ~ M 4 ~ B O C T b KCBeryEll.(e B ecrb perynl'lTOPHble reHbl , POACTBeHHble reHaM, O T B e 4 a i O L l . ( ~ M y n03BOH04HbiX 3a

< j > O p M ~ P O B a H ~ e He TOnbKO opraHOB 3 p e H ~ 5 l ,Ho cnyxa nonyYaercl'l, 4TO H a w ~ c n o c o 6 H o c r ~

B ~ A e T b CnbiWaTb ~ M e i O T CXOACTBO Ha reHHOMyposHe, a MeAY3bl - y 6 ~ s a 1 0 r B3rn5lAOM,nOCKOnbKY CTpeKaTenbHble K n e T K ~ OAHOBpe-MeHHO cny}l{aT r n a 3 a M ~ . A H t ~ p e i 1 >Kypaanea

A H A P E ~ KAME HEB (BBEPXY), A 3 B ~ A


26/142

HOBOCTM

ByrrKaHJtqecKHM HanHTOKK ~ n 8 y 3 8 , O A ~ H C8MbiX 8 K T ~ B H b i X B M ~ p e synK8HOB, c1983 roA8 n O i . j T ~ 6e3ocraHOBOi.jHO ~ 3 p b l r 8 e T o 6 ~ n b H b l e

n o r o K ~ n8Bbl. K8>t t < 8 1 0 T AB8 M ~ n n ~ O H 8 i.jenoBeK. 0AH8KO BynK8HOn o r ~ ~ 3 Y l j ~ B w ~ e o r n o > + < e H ~ f l n p e A b i A Y ~ ~ x ~ 3 B e p > t < e H ~ HIOBOp5lT, i.jTQ n8BOBble p e t j K ~ 0 6 M 8 H i . j ~ B b l .

YljeHble C l j ~ T 8 1 0 T , ljTO 38 speMfl c y ~ e c T B O B 8 H ~ 5 l synK8-H8 6blno 6onbwe on8CHbiX ~ 3 B e p > + < e H ~ H . ljeM cnoKOHHbiX

~ c T e l j e H ~ H n8Bbl. A c r p o B ~ T 5 l H 8 M A8BHO ~ 3 B e C T H O , ljTO

K ~ n 8 y 3 8 Mo>+ + < e H ~ 5 l . noABbl6pOCOM rop5ltjerO nenn8 n o r ~ 6 n ~ 80 O ~ H O B , W e A W ~ XH8 6 ~ T B y . HOBble ~ C C n e A O B 8 H ~ 5 l AOK83biB810T, i.jTO B

n o c n e A H ~ e 2,5 b i C f l i . j ~ neT n p e o 6 n 8 A 8 n ~ ~ M e H H O M O ~ H b l e~ 3 B e p > t < e H ~ 5 l (60 npOL\eHTOB). 18B8HCK85l B y n K 8 H ~ i . j e C K 8 5 l

o 6 c e p B 8 T O p ~ 5 l HeA8BHO O T M e T ~ B W 8 5 l C T O n e T H ~ H 1 0 6 ~ n e HHe MO>tKI-1BOTHb18, 1-1 OHI-1 P8AKO BbiXOAS1T 1-13 CBOI-1X HOp,BblpbiTbiX 20-CaHTI-1M8TpOBbiMI-1 KOITS1MI-1. Ho COTPYAHI-1-KI-1 Pantanal GiantArmadillo Project CMOrnl-1 HaAeTb

l ~ r a H T C K ~ ~ 6pOH8HOC8ljBblpaCTaeT 110 nonyropa Me Tpos BxonKe; n p o y ~ e cospeMeHHble P O A C T B e H H ~ K ~ noc p a B H e H ~ I O C B b l r l l ~ A m

Ha H8CKOilbKI-1X ll-11aHTCKI-1X 6pOH8HOCI..(8B OWefiHI-1KI-1 npOCTO K a p n ~ K a M ~CAaTYI-1KaMI-11-1 CA81laTb CHI-1MKI-1 C nOMOU1biO KaMep-llOByWeK. PeAKI-1X MneKon!-1TaiOU11-1X YAanocb cHmb ~ '((';'3a 068AOM 1-13 MypaBb8B 1-1 TepMI-1TOB 1-1 BO Bp8MS1 (npOTS1>K8HHbiX (AO 5,6 Kl-1/lOMeTpa) HOYHbiX nepe-XOAOB no 6pa31-11lbCKI-1M 60/lOTaM. ,ll!KoH Eipaiim1

apean ri-118HTCKOro6poHeHOC a

r ~ r a H T C K ~ ~ 6pOH8HOC8lj

44 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC liiiOHb 2 0 1 2 A < I > CACAKH ,GETTY IMAGES . M3Tbl0 TYOM611H, NGM STAFF. NGM MAPS.HCTOYHHK : E > K , Q Y A P O A H b l ~ COI03 OXPAHbl nPHPOAbl


27/142

HOBOCTM Be e Teno COMa noKpbiTO BKYCOBbiMI1 COC04K8MI1. A, Hanpi1-Mep, y 4enOBeKa 11 rony6H Cp8BHI1TenbHO HeMHOfO BKyCOBbiXpeL.jenTOpOB, 11 BCe OHI1 COCpeAOT04eHbl Ha H3b1Ke.

MopcKHe crroHbi-KapTorpabiIO>KHble MOPCKI-1e cnoHbl Hblp5lJOTHa rny61-1HY AO 2 TbiC5lLJ MeTpOB -onycKaJOTC5l, KaK Bbl5lCHI-1n 3KonorA3H Kocra , Ha AHO aHrapKTI-1YecKoro wenba 3a npon1-1raH1-1eM.0AHaKo, CYA5l no I-1Mel0ll.\I-1MC5l AaHHbiM 3XOnOKal..\l-11-1, I-1HOrAa 3TI-1 M0pCKI-1e MneKoni-1TaJOll.\l-1e onycKanl-1cbHI-1>Ke npeAnonaraeMoro ypoBH5lAHa! OKeaHorpa Jlopl-1 n3AMeHorcneAI-1n 200 TbiC5lLJ n o r p y > K e H I - 1 ~ ,COBepweHHbiX 56 OC065lMI-1 , KOTOpbiX npeABapi-1TenbHO noMer1-1n1-1AaTLJI-1KaMI-1. 3ro noMorno pa3raAaTb KaprorpaI-1YecKyJO 3araAKY1-1 CTOLJHOCTbiO I-13Mepi-1Tb rny61-1HYOKeaHa nOAO nbAaMI-1 AHTapKTI-1KI-1,MewaJOll.\I-1MI-1 npoXOAY K o p a 6 n e ~ .

Apyrl-1e BbJroAbi? To>Ke ecrb:HOBble CBeAeHI-151 0 coneHOCTI-11-1reMneparype no3son1-1n1-1 y3HaTb,KYAa nepeMell.\aiOTC5l rennbJeconeHble BOAbl OTHOCI-1TenbHOneA5lHOro wenba. Tenepb rpe6yerc5l ycraHOBI-1Tb AaTYI-1KI-1 ell.\eHa HeCKOnbKI-1X MOPCKI-1X cnoHaX,LJT06bl Bbl5lBI-1Tb OC06eHHOCTI-1

I - 1 3 M e H e H I - 1 ~ , npOI-1CXOA5lll.\I-1X Ha AHeT1-1xoro oKeaHa. ,ll,>KOHHa P11330

AebPHXA

)J,aHHbte, Komopbte y O T O f P A < ! > H ~ : A3H KOCTA. KAPTbl: A}!{EPOM H. KYKCOH , NGM STAFF; TEOAOP A. CHKnH. 11CT04HI1KI1: nO PH n3AMEH , HHCTHTYT no H C C n E A O B A H H ~ M 3EMnl111 KOCMOCA;A3H KOCTA 11 KHM fET3, K A n i 1 < ! > 0 P H I 1 ~ C K I 1 ~ YHHBE PCHTET (CAHTAKPY3 ); RTOPO; r E O n O i 1 4 E C K A ~ CnY}!{5 A CWA. PHCYHOK: KISS ME I'M POLISH


28/142

HOBOCTM

Pa3Mopo.1KeHHbie c n y x ~ o ToM, 4To MaMoHTaBOT-BOT K f l O H ~ p y t o T , B 0 3 P O A ~ n ~ C b C O B O ~ c ~ n o ~ . XOTS'l ycneWHO

K n o H ~ p o B a T b > + < ~ B O T H o e pa3MepoM c KOWKY KpynHee YAaeTCs:lpeAKO: OAHa H e C K O n b K ~ X COTeH nonbiTOK, a cnoHa B006Ll\e

H ~ K T O H ~ K O r A a He K n O H ~ p O B a n . noHs:lTHO, 4TO Hay4HOro CMbiCnaBO Bcex noA06HbiX 3 a s : l B n e H ~ s : l X HeT H ~ K a K o r o . HayKa AenaeTCs:lB n a 6 o p a T o p ~ ~ . 6 e 3 M O n B ~ ~ T a ~ r ~ TYHAPbl.

B ~ 3 0 B b s : l X p e K ~ KonbiMbl, BTOnll\e MHoroneTHeMep3nbiXnopOA 6 b l n ~ H a ~ A e H b l H O p K ~ c y c n ~ K O B , > + < ~ B W ~ X BO BpeMeHaMaMOHTOB. CeMeHa nnoAbl , co6paHHble 3 a n a c n ~ B b i M ~

r p b l 3 y H a M ~ . ~ 3 Y 4 ~ n ~ K p ~ o 6 ~ o n o r ~V 1 H C T ~ r y T a c p ~ 3 ~ K O - X ~ M ~ 4 e C K ~ X

6 ~ o n o r ~ 4 e C K ~ x npo6neM n04BOB e A e H ~ s : l V 1 H C T ~ r y T a 6 ~ o c p ~ 3 ~ K ~K n e T K ~ PAH ( n y l l \ ~ H o ) noA pyKOBOACTBOM , [ \ a B ~ A a l ~ n ~ 4 ~ H C K O r O , K

c o > + < a n e H ~ t o HeAaBHO yweAwero> + < ~ 3 H ~ . CBernaHbl 5 l w ~ H o ~ .

CoxpaHHOCTb p a c T ~ T e n b H b i X T K a H e ~ .oKono 30 Tb1Cs:l4 neT n p o n e > + < a B w ~ x TeMneparype He BbiWe- JOC, OKa3anaCb AOCTaT04HO x o p o w e ~ . y4eHble p e w ~ n ~

B O C K p e C ~ T b OAHO p a c T e H ~ ~ - CMOneBKY y 3 K O n ~ C T H y t o ...n o n b i T K ~ n p o p a l l \ ~ B a T b A P e B H ~ e p a c T e H ~ s : l . r p ~ 6 b l 6aKTen p e A n P ~ H ~ M a n ~ c b paHbwe. TaK, B1923 roAy s:lnOHCKOMY

6 o T a H ~ K Y V 1 w ~ p o Ora YAanocb n o n y 4 ~ T b pocTOK noTocaK o p o 6 o 4 K ~ . Koropas:l npone>++ + < ~ B n e H b l

T b 1 C s : l 4 ~ M ~ K p o o p r a H ~ 3 M O B B03paCTOM AO 650 M ~ n n ~ O H O B neT.B ocHOBHOM y c n e x ~ " o 6 b s : l C H s : l n ~ c b 3 a c o p e H ~ e M A P e B H ~ xnpenapaToB c o B p e M e H H b i M ~ w T a M M a M ~ n o x o > + < ~ x o p r a H ~ 3 M O B ,a HeKOTOpble K o n o H ~ ~ 6 a K T e p ~ ~ npocTo H ~ K O r A a He y M ~ p a n ~ .npOAOn>+ + < ~ e CeMeHa. 803MO>+ + < a H ~ e M B caxapoB cpeHonoB, KOTOPble 3 a l l \ ~ T ~ n ~ K f l e T K ~OT o 6 p a 3 o B a H ~ s : l K p ~ c T a n n o B nbAa TeM caMbiM - OT pa3pywe

H ~ s : l . KpoMe Toro, He3penble T K a H ~ p e r e H e p ~ p y t o T ny4we nonHoCTbto c c p o p M ~ p O B a H H b i X , nOCKOnbKY B BbiWe C O A e p > + < a H ~ eropMOHOB, a nons:lpHble p a c T e H ~ s : l ~ M e t o T L \ e n b l ~ Ps:lA n p ~ c n o c o 6 -

n e H ~ ~ K b l } t { ~ B a H ~ I O B c n O B ~ s : l X XOnOAa. AH/lpei1 >Kypasnes48 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC liiiOHb 2 0 1 2

,l(peBHeuumu JICUBOU MH020KllemottHblUopzaHUJM Ha 3eMne - cMoneBKa YJKO-nucmHa>c (Silene stenophylla). B omnuttueom coBpeMeHHblX nomoMKOB y HeeCHattaJla nOH6JlH10mCH JICeHCKUe U,Bembl,a nomoM - o6oenollbte; nenecmKu u,Be-moB - 6onee YJKue u HepacttneHeHHble .CneBa: ceMeHa u3 HopKu cycnuKaB03pacmoM 30 mblcHtt nem.

~ Y ~ H PNAS


29/142

HOBOCTM

naneom1TW-18CK8fl CTOflHK8KapaMa ( A m a ~ C K V 1 ~ K p a ~ ) :

H 8 ~ A 8 H H b l 8 3A8Cb KaMeHHbleOPYAV1fl s : ~ s n s : ~ I O T C f l A P 8 B H e ~ w V 1 -MV1 so s e e ~ C e s e p H o ~ A3V1V1.

HoBbie 3ara)l;KH rroHBJieHHH qerroBeKaOH He yMen p ~ t ~ c o s a T b Ha cTeHax nell.\ep, noA06Ho LJenoseKy pa3yMHOMy. He

~ t ~ M e n o 6 b e M ~ t ~ C T o r o Yepena HeaHAepTanbL\a . Ho OH nepBbiM A 0 6 p a n c s : ~ AO rpaHl-1L\ C ~ t ~ 6 ~ t ~ p ~ t ~ ~ t ~ CTan C03AaBaTb 3AeCb KaMeHHble OPYAI-111. He c n ~ t ~ W K O M O T n ~ t ~ Y l - 1 -Mble AnS1 npocToro rna3a oT o 6 b i L J H O ~ p e L J H O ~ ranbKI-1 - cKpe6na, Yonnepbl ,CKpe6Kl-1 - AnS1 CBOero BpeMeHI-1 npeACTaBnS1nl-1 BnOnHe pa3Bl-1TYIO lt!HAYCTpl-110.V1 nyrb CO C B O e ~ npapOAI-1Hbl - A < l > p ~ t ~ K l - 1 - 3Tl-1 niOAI-1 npOAenanl-1 He 6 n l - 1 3 K l - 1 ~ .

n a n e o n ~ t ~ T l - 1 L J e C K a S 1 CTOS1HKa KapaMa - TaK Ha3biBaeTCS1 3TO MeCTO- 6blnaOTKPbiTa B2001 r O A Y C O T P Y A H ~ t ~ K a M ~ t ~ V 1 H C T ~ t ~ r y r a a p x e o n o r ~ t ~ ~ t ~ l - 1 3 T H O r p a q m ~ t ~CO PAH Ha CTbiKe cTenHoro 1-1 ropHoro A m a s : ~ , B14 ~ t ~ n o M e T p a x OT 3 H a M e H ~ t ~

A e H ~ t ~ c o s o ~ nell.\epbl. Ho o 6 ~ t ~ T a T e n ~ t ~ nell.\epbl n o c e n ~ t ~ n ~ t ~ c b 3AeCb oKono280 TbiCS1LJ neT Ha3aA , a KapaMLJaHe - Ha 300-500 TbiCS1LJ neT paHbwe. TaK

C L J ~ t ~ T a i O T ocTopmt ~ t ~ 3 1 - 1 K l - 1 , K O T o p a s : ~ 6 n ~ t ~ >Ke KTOLJHbiM HayKaM, C a T ~ t ~ p O B K O ~ He cornaCHbl. naneoMarHI-1THble xapaK

T e p ~ t ~ C T l t ! K l - 1 cnoes c P e B H ~ t ~ M l - 1 OPYAI-1S1Ml-1 noKa3biBaiOT, LJTO 3Tl-1 O T n o > K e H ~ t ~ S 1COpMI-1pOBanl-1Cb n p ~ t ~ M e p H O 1,8 ~ t ~ n n ~ t ~ O H a neT Ha3aA,- rOBOpl-1T AOKTOp

r e o n o r o - M ~ t ~ H e p a n o r ~ t ~ L J e c K ~ t ~ X HayK B n a A ~ t ~ M ~ t ~ p 3b1Kl-1H 1-13 V 1 H C T ~ t ~ r y r a HeTera3or e o n o r ~ t ~ l - 1 1 - 1 r e o < l > ~ t ~ 3 1 - 1 K l - 1 CO PAH . - 3To TOT >Ke ~ t ~ H T e p s a n , KKOTopoMy B

A < l > p ~ t ~ K e n p ~ t ~ H a A n e > K a T n p ~ t ~ M ~ t ~ T ~ t ~ B H b l e OPYAI-111 o n A y B a ~ c K o r o T ~ t ~ n a nonyLJaeTc s : ~ , LJTO Ha A m a ~ nepBbiM A 0 6 p a n c s : ~ ell.\e LJenoseK n p S 1 M O X O A S 1 L l . \ l - 1 ~ KoroporoB o n y n s : ~ p H o ~ n ~ t ~ T e p a r y p e n p ~ t ~ H S 1 T O Ha3biBaTb npocTo n ~ t ~ T e K a H T p o n o M ~ t ~ n l - 1

O A ~ t ~ H 1-13 ero 6 n ~ t ~ > K a ~ w ~ t ~ x P O A C T B e H H ~ t ~ K O B . AH/lpei1 EowMaHoa50 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC Jt!IOHb 2 0 1 2 A H A P KAM EHE B


30/142

HOBOCTM Tpumottbt

OTOrPAHH: HJlbSl rDMbiPAHOB

Bonme6Hbie r p e B p a ~ e H H H TPHTOHaY 6ora MOpeM IToceM,n;OHa 6biJI CbiH TpMTOH, HeMHO)I(KO ITOXO)KMM Ha qeJIOBeKa, HeMHO)I(KO -Ha pbi6y. ITo BOlle OTIJ;a OH ITOMOraJI repORM BbiiiYTbiBaTbCR J13 CJIO)I(HbiX ITOJIO)I(eHMM, B ITpRMOMCMbiCJie CJIOBa BbiXO,ll;MTb cyxMMM M3 BO,ll;bl. B ,UpeBHeM fpeD;MM ero MMR CTaJIO 06IIJ;MM ,ll;JIR pa3HbiXITOJIYBO,ll;HbiX cyiiJ;eCTB, a B HaqaJie XIX BeKa yqeHbie HasBaJIM TPMTOHOM MaJieHbKOe seMHOBo,n;Hoe.

IT o BecHe, Kor,n;a ITO,n;TaRBrnMe cy rpo6h i cHeraeiiJ;e ,n;ep)l(aTCR ITO,ll; ITYIIlMCTbiMM MOJIO,ll;eHbKMMM eJioqKaMM, TPMTOHhi, e,n;Ba oqHyBrnMCb ITocJie,ll;OJifOM B Haii lMX II lMpOTaX CITJiqKJ1, CITernaT o6-JiaqJ1TbCR B CBOM JiyqrnJ1M HapR,n; M OTITpaBMTbCRB He M K Bo,n;e. HapR,n; 3TOT - 6paqHbiM. Y caMu;oBrpe6eHqaToro TPMTOHa OH ITOIThirnHee - rpe6eHhITOrnMpe M KpacMBO M3m6aeTcR. 3aTo caMIJ;bi TPMTOHa 06biKHOBeHHOf0 6JIMCTaiOT RpKMMM KpacKaMM: 6piOrnKo - opaH)I(eBoe, B qepHbiM roporneK, aB,ll;OJib XBOCTa M TeJia ITepeJIMBaeTCR ITepJiaMyTpOBaR ITOJIOCKa. CaMKM o,n;eThi ITOCKpOMHee, HO TO)I(eITpMBJieKaTeJibHO.

IIIaraeT TPMTOH HecrrernHo. BbiTRHeT ITpaByiO ITepe,n;HIOIO JiaiTKY qeTbipexiTaJIOM Jia,n;ornKOM BITepe,n; MKaK 6y,n;TO 3a,n;yMaeTCR: Be,ll;b ,ll;JIR MaJieHbKOfO CyiiJ;eCTBa Ka)l(,ll;biM mar MO)I(eT CTaTb OITpOMeTqJ1BbiM, aTPMTOHbi BHyrnMTeJihHOCTbiO ITOxBaCTaTh He MoryT:CaMIJ;bl rpe6eHqaTbiX ,ll;OCTMraiOT C XBOCTOM 18 CaHTMMeTpOB B ,ll;JIMHy, 06biKHOBeHHbie - MeHee 11.ITOTOM BCe-TaKM CTyrrMT Ha eiiJ;e He ITporpeBIIlyiOCR3eMJIIO M, M30fHYB BCe TeJIO ,n;yroM, rnarHeT JieBOM3a,n;HeM, ITRTMITaJIOM, JiaiTKOM; ITOBTOPMT MaHeBp cJieBOM ITepe,n;HeM M ITpaBOM 3a,n;HeM. J1 Ta K ITOKa He,n;oM,n;eT ,n;o 6JIM)I(aMrnero JieCHoro o3epa, cTapMD;bi,OTKpbiTOfO 60JIOTHOfO OKOIIlKa MJIM He60JiblliOM,HO B ITaBO,ll;OK HaiTOJIHMBIIleMCR BO,ll;OM KaHaBKM.

B BO,Il;E 11POXO,Il;51T EPAqHbiE MfPbl. l1Haqe 3aqeM 6bmo HapR)I(aTbcR? CaMeu;, )l(eJiaR ITOKa3aTbce6R CaMKe BO BCeM Kpace, pa3BepHeTCR K HeM TOITpaBbiM 6oKOM, TO JieBbiM, 3aBMCHeT Ha MfHOBeHMe BHJ13 fOJIOBOM, ITJIOTHO ITpM)I(aB JiaiTKM, M ITy-

52 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC HIOHb 2 0 1 2

CKaeT BOJIHY ITO BCeMy rpe6eHqaTOMY TeJiy. fOliOBY ITPM 3TOM He ITOBopaqMBaeT, 6y,n;To ITapTHeprnaero M He MHTepecyeT. O,n;HaKo, 3aMeTMB B ee ma3axBOJIHMTeJibHbiM ITpo6JieCK, BbiBaJIMT ITepe,n; CaMKOMciTepMaTo


31/142


32/142

HOBOCTM Tpumottbt

~ ~ L \ 0 (cneBa) VI nVI4VIHKa TpVITOHa. 3TO 60nbwerna30e Cyll.\eCTBO, 6yATO nap5lll.\ee B O A H O ~ TOnll.\e Ha nyWVICTbiXKPblnbiWKax, 6onbwe noxo


33/142

HOBOCTM Tpumottbt

3aAHSHl nsnl-manafl KOHe4Hocrb 1-1 rpe6eHb caML\arpe6eH4aroro p ~ t ~ r o H a (Triturus cristatus). Or senl-141-1-Hbl rpe6H5l 3 a s ~ t ~ c ~ t ~ r 1-1 ero n p ~ t ~ s n e K a r e n b H O C r b Ans:lcaMKI-1, 1-1 co6crseHHa5l a K r ~ t ~ B H O C r b : A b l w a r r p ~ t ~ r O H b lBOCHOBHOM 4epe3 KO>Ky, 1-1, 4eM 60nbWe nnOLL\aAbee n o s e p x H o c r ~ t ~ reM a K r ~ t ~ s H e e A b i X a H ~ t ~ e .

56 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC I110Hb 2 0 1 2

Bo3MO)KHO, qTo TaKoe pa3Hoo6pa3Me opM eyrn;eeTBOBaHMR, KOTophie aMepMKaHeKMM 3Korror Xayapp; Y MTMeH rrpep;JIO)KJ1JI Ha3hiBaTb JiyqiiiJ1MJ1113 xyp;IIIMX, eBR3aHo e o6pa3oM )KJ13HJ1 TPMTOHOB.B OTJIJ1qJ1e OT p;pymx 3eMHOBOp;HbiX, 6eexBoeTbiX(liRfYIIIKJ1, )Ka6bi J1 J1)Ke e HJ1MJ1) J1 6e3HOfJ1X (qepBRrM), o6mo6oBaBIIIJ1X rrpeMMyrn;eeTBeHHO TeflllbleperMOHbl, XBOeTaTbie aM1161111 (TaKMe Ka K rrpOTeM,aM6MeTOMbi 11 earraMaHp;pbi, BKJIIOqaR TPMTOHOB)B OeHOBHOM )KJ1BYT B yMepeHHOM KliMMaTe. A ITOeKOllhKY rrpep;rroqJ1TaiOT OHM HerrpOTOqHhie BOp;O-eMbl, TO 11M qaeTO rrp11XO)J;J1TeR eTaliKJ1BaTbeR TO eM36biTKOM BOp;bi, TO e ee Hep;oeTaTKOM. Ha Bee erryqaJ1 )KJ13HJ1 y HJ1X J1 ITORBJ1lleR OTBeT B BMp;e Oe0-6etf, fOTOBbiX pa3MHO)KaTbeR B JII06biX yeJIOBJ1RX.

CypoBh ie 311Mhi TPMTOHhi rrpoBop;RT, 3apbiBIIIJ1eb B Kyqy rrMeTbeB 117111 yKpbiBIIIMeb B Mhii i iMHOM HOpe. J1 XOTR B l i iOTbie XOliOp;a MO)KHO J1llaflblOTMOp03J1Th, K rrop;o6HbiM HeB3fOp;aM XBOeTaTbie3eMHOBO)J;Hbie TO)Ke fOTOBbi: MOryT OeTaTbeR 6e 3rrarr, 6e 3 XBOeTa, 6e 3 ma3, qerrroeTet1:, p;a)Ke eepp;u;e,KJ1IIIeqHJ1K, fOliOBHOM J1 eiTJ1HHOM M03f qaeTJ1qHorroTepRTb. J1 Be e OTpaeTaeT 3aHoBo. Mo)KeT 6biTh,r roToMy 11 )KMBYT OHM p;o 37 rreT, qTo p;rrR MeliKMXeyrn;eeTB rroqTJ1 6J16JieMeKoe )J;OllfOlleTJ1e.

Crroeo6HoeTJ1 TPMTOHOB K pereHepau;1111 p;aBHO rrpMBJieKaiOT yqeHbiX. Ern;e B 1768 rop;y MTallbRHeKMM HaTyparrMeT Jlap;3apo CrrarrrraHu;aHMyp;MBliRlleR TOMy, qTo y Tp11TOHOB He rrpoeTO3aHOBO OTpaeTaiOT KOHeqHoeTJ1, HO J1 rrarreu;, J1BeR l larra BOeeTaHaBJIJ1BaiOTeR 3a O)J;HO J1 TO )KeBpeMR - rrpMMepHO 3a MeeRu;. I lp11qeM o6HOBJieHHbiM OpraH MMeeT Beeh Ha6op TKaHeM - MyeKYllbl, xpRrn;M, HepBHhie BOliOKHa, KpoBeHoeHhieeoeyp;bi. (Y MlleKorrMTaiOrn;Mx B rryq111eM erryqaeBoeeTaHaBJIMBaeTeR arraHra rrarrhu;a, p;a 11 TO 6e 3He06XO)J;J1MbiX p;liR ITOJIHOJJ;eHHOfO opraHa MRfKJ1XTKaHet1:.) C Tex rrop TPMTOHhi CTaliM HaMHoro MH-TepeeHee p;liR yqeHoro MMpa, qeM rrpeerroByThieITO,ll;OflbiTHbie Kp071J1KJ1. qe r o e HJ1MI1 TOllhKOHe p;errarr11! Y RITOHeKoro TPMTOHa, HarrpMMep,


34/142

HOBOCTM TpumoHbt

06biKHOBeHHbli:1 TPI-1TOH cKpbiBaercfl noA npownoroAHI-1MI-1 AY60BbiMI-1 fli-1CTb5lMI-1 B noAMOCKOBHOMo3epi..J,e, rAe yKHOM HarrpaBJieHJillil - Ha ,ll;HO.

Ho p;a:>Ke HecMoTpJI Ha CTOJih rrpMcTaJibHoeBHJilMaHJile K 3Tli1M 3eMHOBO,ll;HbiM, pacKpbiTb BCeMX ceKpeTbi rroKa He yp;aeTcJI. OTKyp;a, HarrpMMep,6epyTCJI KJieTKlil ,ll;JIJI B0306HOBJIJieMbiX TKaHeM?HecKOJibKO neT Ha3ap; cqMTaJIOCh, qTo MX YHKIJ;lillil 6epyT Ha ce6JI KJieTKlil yu;eJieBIIIlilX TKaHeM.,UeMCTBJilTeJibHO, rJia3HOM xpyCTaJIJilK, HarrpMMep,o6pa3yeTCJI 3a cqeT KJieTOK CeTqaTKlil, KOTOpbierrpM 3TOM o6ecu;BeqJi1BaiOTCJI. Pa3JIJilqHbie TKaHM

58 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC J110Hb 2 0 1 2

KOHeqHOCTlil OTqacTJil MoryT B0306HOBJIJITbCJI 3acqeT Mhii i ieqHhiX KJieToK. KaK BhiJICHMJIOCh Terrepb,Ba:>KHYJO poJib B pereHepau;MMMrpaiOTMHecrreu;MaJIM3MpoBaHHbre, CTBOJIOBbie, KJieTKlil, a CaM r rpou;ecc perynMpyeTcJI reHaMM, KOTOpbre y 6oJihi i iMHCTBa :>KlilBOTHbiX BKJIIoqaiOTCJI TOJibKO Ha CTa,ll;Jillil3M6pMOHaJibHOfO pa3Bli1Tli1Jl.

Mo:>KeT 6biTh, 3Tlil reHbi yp;acTcJI pa36yp;MTh M yHac? Eyp;eM oTparu;MBaTb HOBbie pyKMM Hom? 1-13-BeCTHhiM apreHTMHCKMM rrMcaTeJib XynMo KopTacap 6yp;TO rrpep;Blilp;eJI TaKyiO B03MO:>KHOCTb B CEOeM 3cce AKCOJIOTJih. AKCOJIOTJih- 3TO xBocTaTaJIaMqm6MJI aM6MCTOMa, He IIO:>KeJiaBIIIaJI pacCTaThCJIC JIJilqJilHOqHbiMlil :>Ka6paMlil . fiMCaTeJih li1 aKCOJIOTJibrro3HaKOMMJIMCh B EoTaHJilqecKOM cap;y IIapM:>Ka.B MTore aKCOJIOTJih rrpeBpaTMJICJI B rrMcaTeJIJI, a rrMcaTeJih - B aMqm6MIO. OH M cetlqac, yTKHYBIIIMChHOCOM B CTeKJIO, rJIJI,ll;lilT Ha IIOCeTMTeJieM CBOlilMlil30JIOTbiMM ma3aMM. AHopeu Eou,JrtaHoB


35/142

ToHhme merrKa,rrpo11Hee 6yrraTalt1Ae5l BeCbMa OCTpOyMHa 1-1 COCTOI-1T BTOM,4T06bl B35lTb CTPYKTYPY KpynHoro apx!-1TeKrypHoro coopymeHI-151 BPOAe 3i1Q>enesoi16aWHI-1 1-1 yMeHbWI-1Tb AO Mi-1KpOMaCWTa6anony41-1TC5l o4eHb npo4Hbli1 1-1 csepxnerKI-1i1Marep1-1an.

BHyrpeHH5l5l crpyKrypa CI-1HTeT!-14eCKI-1XcsepxnerKI-1X Bell.\eCTB, BKnl04a5l neHonnacr1-1 a3poren1-1, 5lBn5leTC5l Heynop5lA04eHHOi1 -1-1 cna6oi1. HoBbli1 Marep1-1an o6naAaernpo4HOCTbiO 6naroAap5l KapKacy-pewerKe1-13 Tpy604eK CO CTeHKaMI-1 TOnll.\I-1HOi1 BOAHYTbiC5l4HYIO 4enose4eCKoro sonoca. Ero nony4aiOT, o6ny4a5l CBeT04YBCTBI-1TenbHbli1mi-1AKI-1i1 noni-1Mep na3epoM. KorAa noni-1Mep3aTBepAesaer, o6pa3yerc5l rpy64aTbli1 KapKac, KOTOpbiH Hanbln5liOTTOH4ai1WI-1M cnoeMHI-1Ken5l. 3aTeM non!-1Mep paCTBOp5liOTocraiOTC5l n!-1Wb nonble Merannl-14eCKI-1erpy6Ki-1. noKpbiTI-1e MO}l{HO CAenaTb YCTOH41-1-BbiM KBbiCOKI-1M TeMneparypaM 1-1n1-1 KOppo-31-11-1. Mbl I-1MeeM Aeno c l.(enbiM KnaccoMHOBbiX MaTepl-1anOB, - rQBOpi-1T aMepi-1KaHCKI-1i1 y4eHbli1 AnaH ,lJ,mei1Ko6ceH, 4b5l rpynna C06!-1paeTC5l Ha4aTb pa3pa60TKy 3KOHOMI-14HOrO TOnni-1Ba. ,IJ,n5l KOCMI-14eCKI-1XKopa6nei1, caMoneros 1-1 asroMo61-1nei1csepxnerKI-1i1 1-1 npo4Hbli1 Marep1-1an -He06XOAI-1M. /peTYBH napKepOTO: DAN LITTLE PHOTOGRAPHY, HRL LABORATORIES, LLC

3mom MUKpoMamepu-an Ha 99,9 npou,eHmacocmoum U3 BOJi!yxa;oH Becum Bcezo i!ecH-myro ttacmb neHonna-cma mozo JtCe o6'beMa,HO cnoco6eH Bbti!ep-JtCamb 3HattumenbHYIOHazpy3Ky.


36/142

MAEM

0YeHb BepmlTHO, YTO B 6ygy-U1eM Mbl 6ygeM ynpasmnbn1060fi TeXHHKOfi C nOMOU1biO)f{eCTOB 1-1 {J,8)f{e MI1MI1KH.

C.u;erra:HTe po6oTy PJ"'KOH Yyrb-YYfb , CnerKa ne-see, CToi1!>>- Ka>KAbli1, KTO nOMOran BOA11Temo npl-1napKOBaTbCS1 Ha 3a611TOi1 CTOS1HKe , cneAS13a aBTOM0611neM CHapy>KI-1 , 3HaeT, YTO AnS13TOIO BOBCe He 06S13aTenbHOKPI-1YaTb: AOCTaTOYHO )f{eCTI-1Kynl-1posaTb. }f{ecTbl raK>Ke aKTI-1BHO 11cnonb3YIOTCS1 nepcoHanoM BOeHHbiX a3pOAPOMOB 1-1 aBI-1aHOCL\eB, n p i - 1 H I - 1 M a 1 0 ~ 1 1 M 1-1 o m p a B n S 1 1 0 ~ 1 1 MCaMoneTbl. n11Wb KOIAa Ha B3neTHOi1 nonoce noKa3biBaeTCS1 OA11H 1-13 HOBOMOAHbiX6eCnl-1nOTHI-1KOB, >KeCTI-1Kynl-1pOBaTb 6ecnone3HO: OH BCe paBHO HI-1Yel0 He noi1MeT.

, l l , n s : ~ KOMnbiOTepa 11HTepnperaL(I-1S1 YenoseYeCKI-1X >ttKeCTa, Y a ~ e scero 11cnonb3yeMbiX nepcoHanoM asl-1aHOCL\eB. YYeHble paccYI-1TbiBanl-1,YTO KOMnbiOTep CMO>KeT, aHanl-1311pyS1 3ani-1Cb KaAp 3a KaApOM, Ha Ka>KAOM OL(eHI-1Tbnono>KeHI-1e KI-1CTei111 noKrei1 s rpex 113MepeHI-1S1X , a raK>Ke AOnonHI-1TenbHble napaMeTpbl - Hanpi-1Mep , c>tKeCTa, KOTOpoe MO>KHO cpaBHI-1Tb C I - 1 M e i 0 ~ 1 - 1 M I - 1 C S 1 B 6a3e AaHHbiX.

B npoL(ecce pa60Tbl o6Hapy>tKHOCTb. B peanbHOCTI-1 YenoseK ,> t < e C T I - 1 K y n l - 1 p y s : ~ peAKO o c r a e r c s : ~ HenoABI-1>KeH. OH MO>KeT 1-1ATI-1 1-1n1-1 nosopaYI-1BaTbCS1 ,1-1 3TI-1 n e p e M e ~ e H I - 1 1 1 , Hano>tKeHI-1S1 pyK, AenaiOT pacno3HasaHI-1e >tttKeCT MO>KeT 1-1 He yMeCTI-1TbCS1, n03TOMY AnS1 Ka>KAOIO KeCry, a 3aTeMOL(eHI-1Ban COBOKynHyiO BepOS1THOCTb AnS1 Ha6opa Kecros s 76 npoL(eHrax cnyYaes .

Co speMeHeM rexHonor1-111 HasepHS1Ka npi-1AeT 1-1 s asroMo61-1nbHble napKTPOHI-1KI-1,1-1 B HaCTOnbHble KOMnbiOTepbl. TOIAa Mbl HaKOHeL(-TO CMO>KeM noKa3aTb TOpM03S1-~ e M y KOMnbiOTepy OAHI-1M KpaCHOpeYI-1BbiM >KeCTOM BCe, YTO Mbl 0 HeM AYMaeM,-1-1 OH Hac noi1Mer! T a K a s : ~ B03MO>KHOCTb, cornac1-1recb, 6ecL(eHHa. PoMaH ct>l1wMaH

62 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC HIOHb 2 0 1 2

BHI-1MAHI-1E

HAnOCA{J,KY

nonocA 3AHS1TA

OTMEHA3A{J,AHI-1S1

r P A < I > ~ K A MYPAA ~ 5 A T Y n n ~ H


37/142

MAEM

qHCTa.H 9KOHOMH.H Wsei-il..laPL\bl- OHI-1 1-1 s KOCMoce wsei-1-l..laPl..lbl . XoT51 y crpaHbll-1Meerc51 n ~ t ~ w b napa c n y r H ~ t ~ K O B Swiss Cube 11-1 T/Sat 1,06a OHI-1 OTnW-IaiOTC51 npOAyMaHHOCTbiO 1-1 KOMnaKTHOCTbiO. Ano 3asepweHI-11-11-1x Ml-'ICCI-11-1 wsei-il..laPL\bl o6ell.\aiOT y6paTb 3a co6oi1 KOCMI-14eCKI-1i1 Mycop.

npo6neMa Mycopa B KOCMOCe CKa>KAbiM rOAOM CTaHOBI-1TC51 BCe OCTpee. Yl-1-cno OTpa60TaBWI-1X cryneHei-1 paKeT, CTapbiX cnyrHI-1KOB 1-1 o6nOMKOB, 4bl-1 pa3Mepbl npeBbiWaiOT 10 CaHTI-1MeTpOB, OL\eHI-1BaeTC51 BAeC51TKI-1 TbiC514, a 6onee MenKl-1X 06beKTOB- BCOTHI-1 Ml-1nnl-10HOB! Mycop pa3rDH51eTC51 AO 6onbWI-1X CKOpOCTei-11-1 CTaHOBI-1TC51 onaceH. lt13BeCTeH cny4ai1 , KOrAa KpOXOTHa51 neC41-1HKa OCTaBl-1na r p e l l . \ ~ t ~ H y s ~ t ~ n n i O M ~ t ~ H a r o p e wanna, a 3 K ~ t ~ n a > K MKC HeCKOnbKO pa3 6blnBbiHY>KAeH np51TaTbC51 B npl-1CTbiKOBaHHbiX KOpa6n51X,nepe>Kl-1Aa51 yrpo3y CTOnKHOBeHI-151 CTaKI-1M 06nOMKOM.lt!Aei-1 no 041-1CTKe OKono3eMHOro npocrpaHCTBanpeAnO>KeHO MHOro, HO Hl-1 OAHa 1-13 Hl-1X He BOnnOLl.\eHa.Bo3MO>KHO, ~ t ~ M e H H O wsei-il..laPLiaM YAaCTC51 craTbnl-'IOHepaMI-1 B 3TOi1 o6naCTI-1; BO BC51KOM cny4ae, aBTOpbl o6ell.\aiOT p e a n ~ t ~ 3 o s a T b o p ~ t ~ r ~ H a n b H b l i - 1 npoeKTC/eanSpace One scero 3a n51Tb neT. Pa3Mep c n y r H ~ t ~ K aC/eanSpace One- scero 10x10x30 a H T ~ t ~ M e r p o s .0H nerKO CMO>KeT MaHeBpl-1pOBaTb Ha op61-1Te, l-1CnOnb-3Y51 HaCT051Ll.\l-1i1 WeAeBp Ml-1Hl-1aTIOpl-13al..\l-11-1 - csepXKOMnaKTHbli-il-10HHbli1 A B ~ t ~ r a Tenb, npOTOTI-1n KOTOporo 6bln npeACTaBneH BeCHOi-1. Ho rnaBHOe- l-10HHOro TO

n n ~ t ~ B a An51 pa6oTbl eMy HY>KHbl 6yKsanbHO M ~ t ~ n n ~ t ~ n l - 1 T P b l . KoMnaKTHbli-1 wsei-il..lapc K ~ t ~ i - 1 A B ~ t ~ r a r e n b , no pac4ery asropos, norpe6yer He 6onee 100 ~ t ~ n n ~ t ~ n ~ t ~ r p o s

r o n n ~ t ~ s a An51 nonera KJlyHe! n n a H ~ t ~ p y e r c 5 1 , 4TO , Bbli1A51 Ha l..lenb, MYCOPL1\l-1K 3ax s a r ~ t ~ r e e 1-1 c r a 6 ~ t ~ n l - 1 3 l - 1 p y e r noner, 3aMeAn5151 s p a l l . \ e H ~ t ~ e . 3areM, Y A e p > K ~ t ~ B a 5 1 c b3a 06beKT, HaHOCnyrHI-1K OTnpaBI-1TC51 BHI-13 , 4T06bl CBeCTI-1 3TOT 06beKT Cop6l-1Tbl1-1 BMeCTe CHI-1M My>KeCTBeHHO cropeTb B aTMOCMwMaH64 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC HIOHb 2 0 1 2

HoBbiH A B ~ r a r e n b pa6oraer no n p ~ H L \ ~ n y p e a K T ~ B H O r O A B ~ > K e H ~ H T O n l l ~ -80 He cropaer, a B b i T a f l K ~ s a e r c H

0 T ! l ~ Y ~ e TO!lbKO B T O n f l ~ B e - ~ O H ~ 3 ~ posaHHOH > K ~ A K O C T ~ KpOXOTHbiXcone!l A B ~ r a r e ! l H KOTOpbiX Ha OAHOMKBaApaTHOM C a H T ~ M e T p e BMelljaeTCH60!lbWe b i C H Y ~ BblpbiBaeTCH

K O H T P O i l ~ p e M b i H nOTOK 3apH>KeHHbiX~ O H O B Pa3rOHHHCb AO C K O p O C T ~nopHAKa 40 TbiCHY K ~ f l O M e T p O BB YaC , C03Aa10T AOCTaTOYH YIO

p e a K T ~ B H Y I O THry.

r P A < I > ~ K A MYPAA Y n n ~


38/142

Baw ny"'wlf1McnyrHMKnpoexaTb aerocronoM ec10 Eepony,ornpa3.QHOBaTb cea,qb6y Ha 6eperyoKeaHa 1-1 ycrpo1-1Tb c p o r o c a c p a p ~ - 1 Ha nb808 -311-1 BneyarneHI-lR 3anOMHRTCR Ha BCIO > H ~ 3 H b !Ill e c n ~ - 1 Bbl pew1-1n1-1cb, TO nocrapatlrecbCOXpaHI!ITb 3Tii1 RpK111e 8neYaTneHI-1R He TOnbKO8 naMRrn! H a w ~ - 1 COBeTbl 1-1 HOBble HOyr6yKI-1Samsung cep!-11-15 Ultra craHyr HeJaMeHI-1-

M b i M ~ n O M O l l . 1 H I - 1 K a M ~ 8 nyr111!

ABTOCTOnOM no EBPOnAM!Aerocron - AOBOI\bHO pacnpocrpaHeHHbtH BHA nyreweCTBH.R no Eepone. OH no3BOII.Rer C3KOHOMHTb A8HbrHM OOCeTHTb OrpoMHOe KOI\H4eCTBO HHTepeCHbiX MeCT.ECTb MHOrO caHTOB H C 0 0 6 ~ e C T B 11106HTelleH 8BTOCTOna. Ha HHX MOlKHO no11Y4HTb noApo6HytO HHcj>opMaUMtO.BalKHO npaBHI\bHO COI\8HHPOB8Tb 0083AKY8 nepeyiO 04epeAb H8AO onpeAei\MTbCfl C MapwpyTOM.Ao6parbcR AO ompaBHOH T04KM nyrewecrBMR IIY4WeH8 C8MOI\ere: 3TO 061\ef4MT OOI\y4eHHe BH3bl . Y118AHBAel\a C BH30H, CTOMT nooa60TMTbCfl 0 K8prax MAOPOlKHbiX8Tfi8C8X. a TaKJKe HYlKHYIO HHcj>OpM8UMIO 0 CTJl8H8XMO>KHO CK848Tb Ha Hoy6yK Samsung cepMH 5 Ultra . 61\aroAapR o6beMY naMRTI-1 8lK AO 1 T5 MOlKHO On


39/142

u5g0

XAHMMYH HA KAPM6AXEC/111 Bflt06AeHHble Me4T8tOT 0 POM8HTH4eCKOH CKB3Ke,TO 11M HenpeMeHHO CTOHT OTnp83AH0B8Tb CB8Ab6y Ha no -6epelloroCbeMKI1 lKHBOTHbtX a ecreCTBeHHOH cpeAe 061-1TaHI1R. npi1CMOTpHTeCb, HanpHMep,K H8U,I-10HaAbHOMY napKY K11AI-IM8HJVKapo. ECAH Bbl anepBbte eAere 8 APHKY, ro Ay4we Ja6poHHpo8aTb cnel..lTyPAf\fl 11t06HTe11ei1 Q>orocaQ>apH . Aa-Aa, TaKHe TOlKe 6bteatar! Bbt CMOlKeTe H8CA8AHTbCfl Bef\HKOI\enHbiMI-1 ne'13a>KaMH 360089AHHKB H norpyJHTbCR B 8TMOCQ>epy AHKOHnp!-!pOAbl, 004Y8CTBOB8B ce6fl HaCTORI1.li1M repoeM KHHrXeMHHfY3R. ToAbKO saM npHAeTCfl cMeHHTb 81-1H4ecrepHa BHAeO- 11111-1 oTOKaMepy . 80 apeMR pa3be3AOB no caBaHHe MO>KHO He nepe>KHB8Tb 0 KO!II14eCTBe CHHMKOB:Bbl 8CerAa CMOlK9Te nepeKHHYJb 11X Ha HOBbiH HOyT6yKSamsung cep1111 5 Ultra, KOTOpbtH A9P>KH T 3aPRA 6arape!-! AO 6 4acoa HenpepbtBHoro l-1cno!lb30aaHHRI CKopeeBbl yCTaHeTe, 4eM OH! A,a H npoaepHTb HX npRMO Ha Meere He COCT8BI1T TPYA8, BeAb HOyT6YKI1 OCHall.\9Hbl MaTo-8biMI1 aHrn61111KOBbiMI1 3KpaHaM11, KOTOpbte 8 OTIIH4Heor 6 o ~ ~ e e pacnpocrpaHeHHbtx ri\RHI..leBbiX He CAenHyroHa YM11..le A8lK9 B CO!IHe4HbiH AeHb. YA84HOH OXOTbll


40/142

TEKCT: EPYK JIAPMEP


41/142


42/142


43/142


44/142


45/142


46/142


47/142


48/142

HMKaKoro oco6oro raJiaHra y Memr Her, - roBopM r 5J:H, p a 3 r a p ; b i B a i O ~ a J I TaKMe fOJIOBOJIOMKM C1974 rop;a- rorp;a ee op;HoceJihqaHe, KOITaJI KOJIOp;eu; B cap;y, BITepBble HaTKHYJIMCb Ha rJIMHJIHYIOITocyp;y M reppaKoroByiO MY:>KCKYIO roJioBy. - HoIToqrM Ka:>Kp;biM BOMH ITporneJI qepe3 MOM pyKM. 3aITJieqaMM 3TOM : > K e H ~ M H b l - B03pO:>Kp;eHHaJI TbiCJiqHaJI apMMJI, KOTOpaJI ITOITOJIHJieTCJI p;eHb OTO ,IJ;HJI.

PACKOTIKJ1 TIOfPEBAJibHOfO KOMTIJIEKCABep;yrcJI HeCKOJibKO p;eCJITMJieTMM, O,IJ;HaKO ITOKaMCCJiep;oBaHo MeHee op;Horo ITpou;eHra ero orpoMHOM - 90 KBap;paTHbiX KMJIOMeTpOB - I T J I O ~ a p ; M .B 2011 rop;y 6biJIM Haqarb i pacKOITKM Ha p;ByxCKJIOHaX u;eHrpaJibHOfO MOfMJibHOfO XOJIMa BblCOTOM 76 MerpOB . ~ e C J I T b JieT Ha3ap; 3p;eCb 06Hapy:>KMJIM rpyiTITY reppaKOTOBbiX aKpo6aTOB M CM-JiaqeM, M HOBbie ITOMCKM, KaK cqMraeT ,ll;MpeKTOpMy3eJI Y OHu;M, cyJIJIT CeHcau;MoHHbie Haxop;KM.

ApxeoJior l l l3Hb Maorn3H Bep;er MeHJI ITO Y3KOMrpaHrnee B ceBepHoM qacrM caMoro 3HaMeHMrorocMaHbCKoro pacKoiTa, M3BecrHoro KaK CKJieiT NQ1.Ha KpaCHoBaroM rpJHre ITO,IJ; HoraMM pa36pocaHhiJII060ITbiTHbie ITpep;MeTbl, H a i T O M M H a i O ~ M e reppaKOTOBbie piOK3aKM. Ha caMoM p;eJie 3TO rJIMHJIHbieKOJiqaHbl, M3 KOTOpbiX BCe e ~ e ropqar 6pOH30BbiecrpeJibi. Mbi c l l l3HeM ITpoxop;MM MMMO Hep;aBHOHaMp;eHHOM KOJieCHMD;bl - BepHee, TOfO, q ro OTHe e ocraJ iocb, - M ocraHaBJIMBaeMcJI ITepep; ITJiaCTMKOBbiM 3aBeCOM . IlOKa3aTb BaM H a C T O J I ~ M eHaXO,IJ;KM? - CITparnMBaer OH.

3a 3aHaBeCOM CKpbiBaeTCJI OCTOB MeTpOBOfO~ r i T a CO CKOJIOTbiMM KpaJIMM. ~ p e B e C M H a p;aBHOCfHMJia, HO 3aMbiCJIOBaTbiM opHaMeHT ~ r i T a M erorycrbre coqHbie KpacKM - 3eJieHaJI, KpacHaJI, 6eJiaJI - qerKo oriTeqaraJIMCb B rpyHre . PJip;OM ITOKOMTCJI u;eJibiM M HeBpep;MMbiM BOeHHbiM6apa6aH,o6TJIHYTbiM KO:>KeM. CKJia,IJ;KM Ha KO:>Ke ITpeBparMJIMCb B XMTpOCITJieTeHMe TOHqaMlliMX MaJIMHOBbiXJIMHMM. BMecre c oriTeqarKaMM rneJIKOBbiX M JibHJIHbiX rKaHeM McKycHOM pa6orh i 3TM Haxop;KM p;a10rHa M ITpep;craBJieHMe o pacu;Bere McKyccrB M peMeceJI BO BpeMeHa ,IJ;MHacrMM UMHb M o pap;y:>KHOMITaJIMrpe roM 3ITOXM.

My3eM reppaKOTOBOM apMMM B CMaHM - 3TOTOJIITa O,ll;HOTOHHbiX KOpMqHeBbiX BOMHOB. A Bep;bKOrp;a-TO apMMJI OCJieiTJIJIJia 6yMCTBOM KpaCOK -72 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC J110Hb 2 0 1 2

TaK ITOBeJieJI ITpaBMTeJib , qbM rpaH,IJ;M03Hbie aM6MD;MM ITpocrMpaJIMCb p;aJieKo 3a ITpep;eJibi 3eMHorou;apcrBa. UMHb l i iMxyaH craJI ITepBbiM MMITeparopoM, o6oep;MHMBlliMM KMraM ITO,IJ; BJiaCTbiO op;HOMp;MHacrMM. OH ITpaBMJI c 221-ro ITO 210 rop; p;o HarneM3pbi M 3a 3TO BpeMJI yciTeJI CBeprnMTb HeMaJIO.3 ro r rMpaH M pecpopMarop YHMcpMu;MpoBaJI Hau;MOHaJibHYIO ITMCbMeHHOCTb, CMCTeMy Mep M p;eHe:>KHbiX ep;MHMD;. OH o6oep;MHMJI HeCKOJibKO MeCTHbiX

3 a ~ M T H b i X COopy:>KeHMM, cp;eJiaB MX rpaH,IJ;M03HOMBeJIMKOM KMraMCKOM creHoM. 3a rocyp;apcrBeHHbiMM p;eJiaMM UMHb l i iMxyaH He 3a6biBaJI M c pa3Maxo M fOTOBMTbCJI K :>KM3HM 3arpo6HOM. I lpMqeM eroapMMJI rJIMHJIHbiX COJI,IJ;aT M KOHeM COBeprneHHO HeIToxop;MJia Ha rpaypHJIO ITpou;eccMIO - pa3Be Mory rBbl3biBaTb MpaqHbie aCCOD;MaD;MM RpKMe BCITOJIOXMKpaCHoro M 3eJieHoro, ITYPITYPHOro M :>Kemoro?

Ho, YBbi, M3 Bcero 3Toro KpacoqHoro BeJIMKOJieITMJI MallO q ro Bbip;ep:>KaJIO MCITbiTaHMe BpeMeHeM.A Korp;a craryM craJIM M3BJieKaTb Hapy:>Ky, apxeoJiorM JIMllib 6 e C I T O M O ~ H O pa3BO,ll;MJIM pyKaMM -ITepe:>KMBrnMe ITOp;3eMHbiM ITJieH ocrarKM KpacoKMfHOBeHHO 6yp;r0 MCTaMBaJIM B cyxoM B03p;yxeCMaHM: ITPM ITOITap;aHMM Ha B03p;yx JiaK Ha KpacKeHaqMHaJI rpecKaTbCJI y:>Ke qepe3 15 ceKyHp; M ITOJIHOCTbiO orcJiaMBaJicJI 3a 4 MMHYTbi.

B 1985 rop;y B CKJieiTe NQ1 crpJicJiacb 6ep;a. Pa6oqMM yKpaJI fOJIOBY BOMHa - M ITOITJiaTMJICJI 3a 3TOCBOeM co6crBeHHOM roJIOBOM. PacKOITKM ITpMocraHOBMJIMCb Ha ,IJ;OJirMe fO,IJ;bl - 3aTO 3a 3TO BpeMJIKMTaMCKMe yqeHhie COBMeCTHO CO CITeu;MaJIMCTaMMM3 EaBapcKoro rocyp;apcrBeHHoro yiTpaBJieHMJI ITOoxpaHe ITaMJITHMKOB KYJihrypbr B fepMaHMM ITPMp;yMaJIM, KaK ciTacrM KpacoqHoe o6JiaqeHMe reppaKOTOBOM apMMM C T O M O ~ b i O oco6oro B e ~ e C T B a ,ITOJIM3TMJieHrJIMKOJIJI.

TeiTepb apxeoJiorM, ep;Ba o6Hapy:>KMB pacKparneHHbiM cpparMeHT, OITpbiCKMBaiOT ero paCTBOpoM, a 3areM o6opaqMBaiOr ITJieHKOM, qro6b iyp;ep:>KaTb 3 a ~ M T H Y I O BJiary. Merop; pa6oraer .KMJIM 6oJiee COTHMcraryM, B roM qMcJie qacrMqHo pacKparneHHbiX - yHeKOTOpbiX M3 BOMHOB qepHbie BOJIOCbl, p030BbleJIMD;a, qepHbie MJIM KapMe, TO eCTb KOpMqHeBbie,ma3a. Jlyqrne Bcero coxpaHMJIMCb craryM Ha caMOM p;He pacKoiTa: Mx c6eper CJIOM rpJI3M.


49/142


50/142


51/142


52/142


53/142

Henaxmwe nolleIIpuce6 Ha KopmotJKU 603lle H06btX HaxoooK, flH I_J3uH'u otJuw,aem ux om zpyHma, npeJICOe tJeMomnpa6Umb Ha pecma6pau,wo. PacKOnKU uoym nOllHblM XOOOM, u apxeoJZOZU noo6upmomCJl 6Ce6JZUJ/Ce KU,eHmpallbHOMY MOZUllbHOMY XOJZMy, zoe, 6e3 COMHeHUfl, UX J/COem Macca oopnpU306.

CaMhie .lipKMe u;BeTHhie cpparMeHThi oTrrpaBJI.lilOT Ha MCCJiep;OBaHM.li BMeCTe C OKpy)l(aBIIIMM MXrpyHTOM. ,Il,erro B TOM, qTo rrpMrreraiOI.Qa.li K rJIM-H.liHhiM qeperrKaM rroqBa CKOIIMpOBaJia MHOfMeHhiHe y)l(e yTpaqeHHhie D;BeTa - KaK OKa3aJIOCb, HarpyHTe ,n;peBHMe KpacKM ,n;ep)l(aTc.li ropa3p;o r ryqIIIe, qeM Ha rrra3yp11. ,Il,ll.li Hac 3eMJI.li TO)I(e apTecpaKT,- roBopMT )KyH Eo, rrraBa XMMJiqecKoilr rra-6opaTopMM My3e.li. OH yqacTBOBarr B M3o6peTeHMMBei.QeCTBa,KOTOpOe3aKpeiiJI. l ieTrpyHT,COXpaH.li. l iHa HeM KpacoqHbiM CJIOM. Terrepb Hap;o HaMTM CIIOco6 rrepeHOCMTb 9Tl1 KpaCKM o6paTHO Ha CTaTyM -l1 TOrp;a BOMHbl rrpep;CTaHyT rrepep; IIOCeTMTeJI.liMMMy3e.li B CBOeM MCTMHHOM IJ;BeTe.

A Ha ,n;He cKrrerra NQ15IH )KYH)I(YH rroTy)l(e 3aT.lifMBaeT peMHM, CKpeiiJI.liiOI.QMe BOCCTaHOBJieHHOfOBOMHa. Ero rorroBa Be e ei.Qe o6epHyTa rrrreHKOilr,CKB03b KOTopyiO MO)I(HO pa3fll.li,!l;eTb OCTaTKM po-

30BOM l1 KpaCHOM KpaCKM - Cllep;bl 6hiJIOf0 BeJIMKO-JieiTM.li TeppaKoToBoro BOMHCTBa. YqeHhiM TaK)I(ey,n;aJIOCb COXpaHMTb I l l1fMeHT, IIpMp;aiOI.QMM KO)I(eflll1H.liHOfO COJI,!l;aTa TeiiJibiM TeJieCHbiM OTTeHOK.

Ha Terre BOMHa I IOl lHbiM-IIOJIHO CKOJIOB l1 TpeI.QMH. ITpe)l(,n;e yqeHbie CTpeMMJIMCb TI.QaTeJibHO3aii iTyKaTypMTb BCe IIOBpe)l(p;eHM.li - HO CefO,!l;H.li,KOrp;a MCTOpMqecKOM ,!l;OCTOBepHOCTM rrpMp;aeTC.lioco6oe 3HaqeHMe, p.li,!l;bl HOBbiX BOMHOB, BbiCTpal1BaiOI.Ql1XC.li B 3arrap;HOM qacTM pacKOIIa, BbiCTaBll.liiOT CBOMM3'b.liHhi HarroKa3. Ka)l(,n;oilr !13 9TMX cTaTyilr KOCHYJIMCh yMeJihie pyKM 5IH )KyH)I(yH. He6or BeCTh KaKoilr rrop;BMr, - cKpOMHO yrrhi6aeTC.liOHa. J1 C 9Tl1Ml1 CllOBaMM IIpOCTbie p;epeBeHCKMe)l(eHI.Ql1Hbl B03Bpai.QaiOTC.li K fOllOBOllOMKe, KOTopyiO pa3rap;biBaiOT c TaKMM )l(e TeprreHMeM MyrropCTBOM, C KaKMM KOrp;a-TO B03p;ellbiBalll1 cap;,pocii iMM Ha MeCTe HhiHeiiiHMX pacKorroK. D

TEPPAKOTOBbiE BOJ!IHbl 73


54/142

7 4 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC liiiOHb 2011


55/142

CKAJibl YJIJ1H'b!OAHb 7 5


56/142

TEKCT: AJlEKCAHAP rPEK

Harrm cKaJIMCThie ropbi B q)l(aHIJ;3Ru;3e qyp;Hhie,a KapCTOBbie IIeiu;epbi TO)I(e qyp;Hble, - fOBOpMTHaM He MeHee qyp;HbiM IIIKOJibHbiM yqMTeJib q) l(oyIOaHh-qy , M3yqaBIIIMti: pyccKMti: R3hiK B MocKBe Bp;aJieKOM 1959 rop;y M rroqTM IIOJIBeKa He BMp;eBIIIMMpyccKMx,- HMrp;e B MMpe Bhi He YBM,D;MTe TaKMx o6aRTeJihHhiX BM,ll;OB.

:>KMTeJIM ropop;a q)l(aHIJ;35!IJ;3e, pacrroJio)l(eHHoroHa ceBepo-3arrap;e rrpoBMHIJ;MM XyHaHh, p;OJI)I(Hbi6hiJIM 6hi rrocTaBMTh rraMRTHMK ,IJ;)I(eti:Mcy K3MepoHy , CH5!BllleMy CaMbiM p;oporoti: peKJiaMHbiM pOliMK0 MeCTHbiX ,D;OCTOIIpMMeqaTeJibHOCT5!X - cpMllbMABaTap: 6oJibiiiMHCTBO KpacOT rrnaHeTbi ITaHp;opa MMeiOT peaJibHbie rrpOTOTMIIbl KaK pa 3 B OKpecTHOCT5!X 3Toro KMTati:cKoro ropop;a. BrrpoqeM, ca MMX KMTati:u;eB arMTMpOBaTb He Hap;o - OHM y)l(ep;aBHO cqMTaiOT cKaJihHbiti: pati:oH YnMH'biOaHh -qacTb ropHoti : cMcTeMbi Yl iMHII IaHb- caMbiM KpaCMBbiM MeCTOM Ha IIJiaHeTe, Ha3biBa5! ero rrepBbiMHaD;MOHaJibHbiM reOJIOfMqecKMM rrapKOM B MMpe,a IOHECKO rrpMCBOMJIO pati :oHy CTaTyc o6neKTaBceMMpHoro rrpMpop;Horo Hacnep;MR.

MecTHhie )I(MTeJIM yBepRIOT, qTo 6onee ThiCRqMJieT Ha3ap; 3TH MeCTa IIOCeTMJI O,ll;MH M3 KMTaMCKMXMMrrepaTopoB M, rropa)l(eHHbiM KpacoToti:, rrpMKa-3aJI rrpoJIO)I(MTh cpep;M cKaJI Tporry - caMbiti: rrepBbiM B MMpe TYPMCTMqecKMM Mapii ipyT. BrrpoqeM,cerop;H5!, HeCMOTp5! Ha TO qTo ABaTap IIOCMOTpeJIO rronrrnaHeThi, MHOCTpaHHhiX TYPMCTOB TYTrroqTM HeT: IIOXO)I(e, JIIO,D;M He BepRT, qTO TaKMe MeCTa MoryT cyiu;eCTBOBaTh B peaJihHOCTM. H e BepRT3p5! - peaJihHOCTb, IIO)I(aJiyti:, CMJibHee cpMlibMa.

fOPb l , BA l l lHM M CTOJIBb lHap;o cKa3aTb, qTo rrop;o6Hbie cKaJibHbie o6pa3oBaHMR BCTpeqaiOTC5! M B p;pyrMX yrOJIKax IIJiaHeTbl.,lJ;oCTaTOqHO BCIIOMHMTb MOHaCTblpM MeTeOpbi Bfpeu;MM M KpacHoRpcKMe CTOJI6bi ,- roBopMT 3a MeCTMTeJib p;MpeKTopa rr o HayqHoti: pa6oTe ECTeCTBeHHOHayqHoro MHCTMTYTa ITepMcKoro YHMBepCMTeTa r rpoeccop HMKOJiati: MaKCMMOBMq, - OHMCcpOpMMpOBaHbl pa3JIMqHbiMM reOJIOfMqeCKMMMrrpou;eccaMM, OCHOBHbiM M3 KOTOpbiX 5!BJI5!eTC5! BblBeTpMBaHMe - IIOCT05!HHO Mp;yiiJ;ee pa3pyii ieHMe MM3MeHeHMe ropHbiX IIOpOp; IIO,ll; BliM5!HMeM MeXaHMqecKOfO M XMMMqecKOfO B03p;eJ.1:CTBM5! aTMOCcpepbl,rpyHTOBbiX M IIOBepXHOCTHbiX BOp; M opraHM3MOB.

76 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC J1IOHb 2 0 1 1

CI>OTO: AHAPEH KAMEHEB

nell\8Pbl Ym1HbiOaHS1 He MeHee~ H T e p e C H b l Y8M CKanbHbl8o 6 p a 3 o B a H ~ S 1 . C a M a s : ~ 6 o n b w a s : ~ -nell\epa }!{8nTOro APaKOHa,nnoll\aAb KOTOpoei npesbiWaeT100000 KBaApaTHbiX M8TpOB.B H y r p ~ Hee pacnono}!{eHa1 . . 1 e n a s : ~ noA3eMHaS1 CTpaHa:13 rpoToB, 98 ranepeei, 2 p e K ~ .4 BOAOnaAa 03epo, no KOTOpO-MY nnasaeT 1 . . 1 e n a s : ~ < t > n O T ~ n ~ s : ~T Y P ~ C T ~ Y e c K ~ x K o p a 6 n ~ K O B .Cnpasa: pacmopeHHblei s BOAe

K a n b i . . \ ~ T , BbiMbiBaeMblei~ 3 B 8 C T H S 1 K O B , BbiCbiXaS1 Ha nonynell\epbl, o6pa3yeT n p ~ Y Y A n ~ -Bble T p a s e p T ~ H O B b l 8 TeppaCbl.


57/142

CKAJibl YJIJ1H'biOAHb 77


58/142

H e n o B T O P ~ M b i M ~ n e l : i 3 a < ~ Y n ~ H b i O a H 5 l AenaeT c o Y e T a H ~ e < ~ B o n ~ C H b i X KBapL.J,eBbiXn ~ K O B C6yl:iHOI:i T p o n ~ Y e C K O I : i p a C T ~ T e n b H O C T b i O , H a n O M ~ H a i O L l \ e l : i r ~ r a H T C K Y I O ~ K e 6 a H y .B H ~ 3 y : KBapL.J,eBbll:i MOCT , p O T 5 l H Y B W ~ I : i C 5 l HaA 300-MeTpOBOI:i 6e3AHOI:i , - peAYal:iween p ~ p O A H O e 5 l B n e H ~ e . K ~ T a l : i L . J , b l Ha3b1Bai0Tero He6eCHbiM MOCTOM , C 4 ~ T a 5 l He3aKOH4eHHOI:i pa6oml:i ropHoro AYXa.

78 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC J1IOHb 2011


59/142

B Tex cnyqaRx, Korp;a npop;yKThi BhiBeTpHBamtRyHoCRTCR Bop;o:i1 M BeTpoM, Hepep;Ko B03HHKaiOTcBoeo6pa3Hbie opMb i penhea, 3aBHCRill;I-1e Ka KOT KJIHMaTJiqeCKHX ycJIOBHM, Ta K M OT CBOMCTB McTpoeHHR ropHbiX nopop;. Heop;Hopop;HOCTh nopop;MHeOp;HHaKOBaR YCTOMqJIBOCTb K BbiBeTpHBaHHIOBep;eT K o6pa30BaHHIO OCTaHIJ;eB B BMp;e H30JIHpOBaHHbiX nJiaTO, CTOJI60B, 6arneH M Ta K p;aJiee.

CBoeo6pa3He YJIHH'hiOaHR BO MHoroM onpep;eJieHo ero HCTOpHe:i1. feonorJiqecKHM pa3pe3 TeppHTopHH - naKMM cnoeHbiM nHpor . B BepxHe:i1qacTH npaKTJiqecKH ropH30HTaJibHO 3aJieraiOTH3BeCTH5!KH nepMCKOfO nepr10p;a, HJI)Ke p;eBOHCKHeKBapiJ;eBbie necqaHHKH cyMMapHOM MOIIJ;HOCTbiO500-600 MeTpOB, nop; KOTOpbiMH CHOBa 3aJieraiOTH3BeCTHRKH, y)Ke KeM6pH:i1CKHe. Be e 3TO B p;aneKoMnpornJIOM npep;cTaBJIRJIO co6o:i1 MopcKHe ocap;KH.

3eMHa5! KOpa Ha nJiaHeTe HaXO)J;HTCR B no -CTORHHOM BepTHKaJibHOM M ropH30HTaJibHOMp;BM)KeHMM. ITop;'beM ee B 3TOM pa:i1oHe npHBeJI KTOMy, qTo o6pa30BaBIIIHeC5! B MOpe OTJIO)KeHHRBbiiiiJIH Ha nOBepXHOCTb M HaqaJIH HHTeHCHBHOpa3pyrnaThC5! 3a cqeT BhiBeTpHBaHHR. 3TOMY BOMHOfOM CnOC06CTBOBaJIO pacTpeCKHBaHHe M pa3-p;po6JieHHe nopop;, nOCKOJibKY nop;'beM 3eMHOM KOpbl npOHCXO)J;HJI HepaBHOMepHO, C o6pa30BaHHeMcBoeo6pa3HhiX 6noKoB . KaK H3BeCTHO, H3BeCTHRKM paCTBOp5!IOTC5! )J;OBOJibHO 6biCTpO, n03TOMY HXBepXHHM CJIOM COIIIeJI Ha HeT, M Mep;JieHHO pa3pyrnaiOIIJ;HeCR necqaHHKH o6pa30BaJIH CTOJI6bi.

CBoe:i1 YHHKaJihHOCThiO YJIHH'hiOaHh o6R3aHpRp;y npHpop;HhiX aKTopoB. Bo-nepBbiX, 3TOTpaMOH xapaKTepH3yeTC5! TenJibiM MBJia)KHbiM MyCCOHHbiM KJIHMaToM . B rop; 3p;ecb Bhmap;aeT oKoJio1400 MHJIJIHMeTpOB ocap;KOB, a cpep;H5!5! TeMnepaTypa COCTaBJIReT 16 rpap;yCOB, qTO CIIOC06CTByeT BhiBeTpHBaHHIO. Bo-BTOpbiX, - 3HaqJITeJihHaRMOIIJ;HOCTb M Op;HOpOp;HOCTb ropH30HTaJibHO 3aJieraiOIIJ;HX KBapiJ;eBbiX necqaHHKOB o6ecneqJIJiacoxpaHHOCTb M 3HaqJITeJibHYIO BbiCOTY CTOJI60B.B-TpeThHX, HHTeHCHBHhie TeKTOHJiqecKHe p;BM-)KeHMR paCKOJIOJIH nopOp;bl M o6pa30BaJIH Kpa:i1HerycTyiO ceTb TpeiiJ;HH caMbiX pa3HhiX HanpaBJieHHM, KOTOpbie nocTeneHHO paCIIIHpRJIHCb 3a cqeTBbiBeTpHBaHHR.

HaM nOBe3JIO, qTO Mbl MO)KeM JII060BaTbC5!3THM )KJIBOnHCHbiM napKOM, TaK KaK B reOJIOfH-

qecKOM MaCIIITa6e BpeMeHH TaKHe 5!BJieHH5!, Ka KYJIHH'biOaHb, Kpa:i1He Hep;omoBeqHhi,- o6'bRCHReT HHKona:i1 MaKCHMOBJiq,

CEMb ITO,Q3EMHb iX KOPOJIEJ/rEcJIH KBapiJ;eBhiM necqaHHKaM M hi o6R3aHhi KaMeHHhiM JieCOM, TO Jie)KaiiJ;HM Bbi i i ie M HM)KeH3BeCTHRKaM - neiiJ;epaMH. B 3anap;Ho:i1 qacTHYJIHH'hiOaHR neiiJ;ephi BCTpeqaiOTCR Ha BhiCOTax 6onee 900 MeTpOB, a B BOCTOqHOM qacTH Ha OTMeTKaxHM)Ke 400 MeTpoB. 3p;ecb, HanpHMep, pacrroJIO)KeHa3HaMeHHTaR 11-KHJIOMeTpOBaR qeTbipeX'bRpyCHaRneiiJ;epa }l{eJIToro p;paKoHa c TpeMR Bop;onap;aMH,op;MH M3 KOTOpbiX HMeeT BhiCOTY 50 MeTpoB. B neIIJ;epe orpOMHOe KOJIJiqeCTBO HaTeqHbiX o6pa30BaHHM, B TOM qJicJie YHHKaJihHhiM cTaJiaKTHT CBRTaRHfl la, KOTOpbiM npH BbiCOTe 19,2 MeTpa HMeeT p;HaMeTp BCero 10 CaHTHMeTpOB.

HEJ IETAIO i l l J1E HEPb iEb lM b i 6pep;eM cpep;H yTecoB Bp;OJih pyqhR, Ha3BaHHeKOToporo, KaK Mhi TOJihKO qTo Y3HaJIH, nepeBop;HTCR KaK Pyqe:i1 JieTaiOIIJ;e:i1 pbi6hl>>. HarnH o6oeKTHBh i TYT )Ke garnapHJIH no noBepxHOCTH B noHcKaxHeH3BeCTHOM HayKe p;MKOBMHbi. 3p5!. 0Ka3aJIOCb,3TO n03TJiqecKa5! MeTaopa, npOCTO B pyqbe MHOro o6biqHo:i1 pbi6bi. Ho KpoMe He e B npo3paqHhiXBOp;ax y nOp;HO)KHR CKaJI )KHBeT pep;qa:i1rnee p;peBHe e )KJIBOTHOe - KHTaMCKaR HCnOJIHHCKaR CaJiaMaHp;pa, caMoe KpynHoe 3eMHOBOp;Hoe Ha nJiaHeTe. I loHRTHoe p;eno, YBMp;eTb 3TO qyp;o npHpop;hi Bpyqbe HepeaJibHO. J1X B006IIJ;e Ha 3eMJie OCTaJIHCbep;MHMIJ;bi,- 6pocaeT Mp;yiiJ;MM C TeJie06'beKTHBOMHanepeBec Haw oTorpa AHp;pe:i1 KaMeHeB.

I103)Ke Mbl HaTKHYJIHCb B q)KaHIJ;35!IJ;3e Ha He-06hiqHoe 3aBep;eHHe- My3e:i1 HcnoJIHHCKo:i1 caJiaMaHp;pbi. Ep;Ba nepecTynHB nopor , KaMeHeBOTOponeJI: B aKBapHyMaX M nop; CTeKJIRHHbiMnOJIOM Mep;JieHHO )J;BHfaJIHCb p;eCRTKM MeTpOBbiXCaJiaMaHp;p C OrpOMHbiMH pTaMH, nJIOCKHMH fOJIOBaMH MMaJieHhKHMH HeMHraiOIIJ;HMH rJia3KaMH.0Ka3aJiocb, B ropop;Ke 3anycKaeTcR IJ;eJiaR a6pHKano pa3Bep;eHHIO 3TOfO, KaK BbiRCHHJIOCb, pep;KOfOa3HaTcKoro p;eJIHKaTeca. Hy a HeKoTopoe KOJIJiqecTBO BbipaiiJ;eHHbiX CaJiaMaHp;p BbiiiYCKaeTCR B pyqbH,rp;e OHM KOrp;a -TO BO)J;HJIHCb. 3K30TJiqeCKaR MOp;eJihcnaceHHR 3K30TJiqecKoro BhiMHpaiOIIJ;ero BHp;a. D

CKAJibl YJIHH'biOAHb 79


60/142

80 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC liiiOHb 2011


61/142


62/142


63/142


64/142


65/142


66/142

ABA ~ A C A H O ~ l t 1 .KOAJlA3AnYTAJ1CflB O n K ) ~ E l l lnPOBOnOKE3A50PA, CnOBHO

3 A K n K ) ~ E H H b l l l l ,H E Y A A ~ H OnbiTABW lt1lllC5lC5EHKbeABeTpallvrvr, Bp;oMe MeraH 3i1TKeH, pyKoBop;vrTemropraHvr3au;vrvr p;o6poBOllbiJ;eB, erraea10rn;vrx p;vrKvrxKOall OT BeeB03MO:>KHbiX 6ep;, pa3p;aeTO! TelleOHHhiM 3BOHOK. ~ v r e r r e T q e p He eKa3all ern;e, rp;e vrMeHHO ellyqvrllaeb 6ep;a Ha ee:H pa3, a MeraH y:>Ke yen ellaHaKHHYTb op;e:>Kp;y IIOBepx II11:>KaMbl.

Kollllervr MeraH, : > K e : H H ~ : : m v r e vr CaHp;pa ITvrqvr,rrpvr6biJI11 Ha MeeTO rrpovrerneeTB1151 HeeKOllbK11M11MvrHyTaMvr paHbrne. Koalla 3au;errvrlleR MexoM 3aKOlliOqyiO rrpoBOlloKy. ITo p;pyry10 CTopoHy 3a6opapaeTyT Moryqvre 3BKallvriiThi.

ITO Beeif B11/];11MOeT11, OH XOTell p;o6paTbeR p;oTex p;epeBheB, - roBopvrT MeraH.

CTOR BRpK11X llyqax aBTOM0611llbHbiX Kellble KO:>KaHbie rrepqaTK11, B KaK11Xo6biqHo pa60TaiOT eBaprn;11K11. (HeeMOTpR Ha eBOIOoqapoBaTellbHYIO BHelliHOeTb 11 exop;eTBO e IIlliOllieBOM vrrpyrnKOM, KOallhl MOryT OKa3hiBaTb RpOCTHOe eorrpoTvrBlleHvre, Korp;a vrx IIhiTaiOTeR rro:HMaTh.0H11 pbiqaT, 113B11BaiOTOI, BblpbiBaiOTeR 11 KyeaiOTeR - y MeraH 3i1TKeH B rrop;TBep:>Kp;eHvre TOMY eeTbHeeKOllbKO 6ollhrnvrx rnpaMoB.) 3aTeM MeraH eTaBvrT Ha 3eMlliO pRp;OM e :>K11BOTHbiM rrpOBOllOqHyiOKlleTKY 11 pa3BOpaqvrBaeT TOlleTOe op;eRllO . : > K e M HHa6paebmaeT Ha KOally op;eRllO, qT06bi yerroK011Tb:>K11BOTHOe 11 Op;HOBpeMeHHO 3aiiJ;11T11TbeR OT ero3y6oB vr KOrTe:H. CaHp;pa oTKpbmaeT p;Bepu;y KlleTKvr, a MeraH XBaTaeT qepHoHoeoro 3BephKa, 3aBepHyToro B Op;eRllO, OeB060:>Kp;aeT ero OT KOlliOqeifrrpoBolloKvrvr YKllap;bmaeT B KlleTKy.

~ e l l o ep;ellaHo, p;eBoqKvr! - KpvrqvrT MeraH.HaKllOHvrBrnvreb Hap; KlleTKOM vr paeeMaTpvrBaRKpymoma3oro KOally, oHa y:>Ke pa3MbillillReT Hap;perneHvreM ellep;ymrn;e:H rrpo6lleMbi. Eellvr 6bi 3Bepb88

6hm 6olleH vrllvr paHeH, oHvr p;oCTaBvrllvr 6hi ero BKllvrHvrKy p;llR p;vrKvrx :>KHBOTHbiX rrpvr ABCTpallvr:HeKoM 3oorrapKe, paerrollo:>KeHHOM B eopoKa MvrHyTax e3p;bi K eeBepy, BEvrpBe . Op;HaKo KOalla 3p;opoB.ITo vrHeTpyKu;vrvr vrM ellep;yeT BhmyeTvrTh ero HaBOlliO rp;e-Hvr6yp;b II06ll1130eT11, IIOeKOllbKY KOallhl11MeiOT 11H/];11B11p;yallbHYIO TeppvrTOp1110 11 eHOBa 11eHOBa rrpvrxop;RT KOpM11TbeR Ha O/];H1111 Te :>Ke p;e-peBhR. Op;HaKo BOKpyr He llee, a ryeToHaeelleHHhiMrrpvrropop;. B eBeTe KeHrn;vrHhi vr3yqaiOT KapTy.

B 3TOM-TO Bee 11 p;ellO, - pa3p;pa:>KeHHO fOBOp11T3MTKeH. - ~ l l R KOall OeTallOeb ell11lliKOM MallO MeeTa! B KoHu;e KOHIJ;OB 3BepbKa pernaiOT OTBe3T113aHeeKOllbKO KBapTalloB, B KporneqHhiM rrapK EoaMa,rpaHvrqarn;vr:H e He3aeTpoeHHhiM yqaeTKOM 3eMll11,p;oxop;Rrn;vrM p;o eaMoro 6epera. CrraevrTellhHHIJ;hi3aHoeRT KlleTKY rromy6:>Ke B llee, CTaBRT ee rrop;3BKall11IITOM 11, ep;ellaB mar Ha3ap;, OTKpbiBaiOTp;Bepu;y. Koalla yCTpeMllReTeR BBepx ITO eTBOllYvrvreqe3aeT 113 rrollR 3peHvrR . Yp;aqvr, Mallbilli!rnerrqeT 3i1TKeH.

Ho op;Ho:H TOllhKO yp;aqvr - Mallo.

Kalla, rryrnvreThiM evrMBOll ABeTpallvrvr ~ op;Ho113 :>K11BOTHbiX, Bbl3biBaiOIIJ;11X y lliOp;evr Ha11-60llblliYIO evrMrraTvriO, rrepe:>KvrBaeT eerop;HRTpyp;Hhie BpeMeHa. Eollee p;Byx eTolleTvr:H Ha3ap;, p;oToro KaK ABCTpallvriO KOllOH113vrpoBallvr eBporre:HIJ;bl, B3BKall11IITOBbiX lleeax o6vrTallO 10 M11llll110HOBKOall. Ha Hvrx eTallvr oxoTvrTheR pap;vr poeKornHoroMexa, vr B O:>KHOM qaeTvr eBoero apealla 3Tvr TpaBoRp;Hhie eyMqaThie oKa3allvreh Ha rpaHvrvreqe3HOBeH11R. liTo p;o eeBepHo:H qaeTvr (rnTaT KBvrHelleHp;), TOB0/];HOM TOllbKO 1919 rop;y TaM 6biJI y6vrT M11llll110HKOall. IToelle 1927 rop;a, Korp;a B KBvrHelleHp;e rroellep;Hvr:H pa3 rrpoxop;vrll oxoTHvrqvrif ee3oH, oeTaBallOeh ll11illb HeeKOllbKO p;eeRTKOB TbiCJiq eyMqaTbiXMep;Bep;e:H.

Cllep;yiOrn;vre IIOllBeKa qvrelleHHOeTb KOall rroTvrXOHbKY poella- OTqaeT11 6llarop;apR vreKyeeTBeHHOMy rrepeeelleHvriO Ha HOBbie TeppvrTopvrvr. 3aTeMyp6aHvr3au;vrR B3Rlla eBoe. Cpep;a o6vrTaHvrR KOallyHvrqTo:>Kallaeh, paerrpoCTpaHRllvreh 6olle3Hvr . BMeeTe eyp6aH113aiJ;11eM IIORB11ll11eb eo6aK1111 aBTOM0-611ll11. l.JvrelleHHOeTb KOall pe3KO IIOllilla Ha errap; e1990 rop;a. JleT 10-15 Ha3ap; Ha Eepery Koall (TaKHa3biBaeTeR pa:HoH B KBvrHelleHp;e, 3aHvrMaiOrn;vr:H


67/142

37,5 TbiCJiqM reKrapoB) 06MTaJIO 6,5 TbiCJiqM KOaJI;ITO cerop;HJIIIIHMM OQeHKaM, MX OCTaJIOCb OKOJIOp;Byx TbiCJiq.

KoaJibi 3acrpeBaiOT B 3a6opax M ITom6aiOT, MX3arpbi3aiOT co6aKM M p;aBJIT MaiiiMHbl, OHM MoryryMeperb p;a)Ke ITpocro M3-3a roro, qro BJiap;eJieQp;oMa peiiiMJI cpy6MTb HeCKOJibKO 3BKaJIMITTOBy ce6JI Ha 3ap;HeM p;Bope, - roBopMr ,[(ei1p;pa p;eBMJIJibepc, op;MH M3 B e p ; y ~ M x ciTeQMaJIMCTOB ITOKOaJiaM M3 p;eiTapraMeHra oxpaHbi o K p y ) K a i O ~ e i 1cpep;bl M ITpMpOp;HbiX pecypcOB IIITaTa KBMHCJieHp;.Ha ITPOTJI)KeHMM 15 ner p;e BMJIJibepc Ha6niOp;ana3a KOaJiaMM, M3yqaJia ITpMqMHbl C O K p a ~ e H M J I MXqMCJieHHOCTM, pa3pa6aTbiBaJia HOpMaTMBbl, ITpMC06JIIOp;eHMM KOTOpbiX KOaJibl He crpap;aJIM 6bi OT3acrpOMKM HOBbiX yqacTKOB 3eMJIM.

TEKCT: MAPK A>f{EHKHHCCI>OTOfPACI>Hl-1: A>KOYn CAPTYPl-1

MHozue pauoHbt KBuHcJCeHoa, 1wmopbte20 JCem HaJao npeocmaBJCRJCu co6ou

ceJCbcKyw MecmHocmb, menepb yp6aHu-3upywmcn, u KOaJCaM om 3mozo npuxooumcn HeCJCaOKO. B Ha1.taJCe XX BeKa KOaJCno11mu ucmpe6UJCU, JameM UX 63Jl!CU noooxpmty, HO CeZOOHR 1-fUCJCeHHOCmb CHOBaHat-taJCa pe3KO c o K p a ~ a m b c R .

,[(e BMJIJibepc y6e)Kp;eHa, qro KOaJibi M JIIOp;MMoryr o c y ~ e c r B o B a T b B ropop;cKoi1 cpep;e, ecJIMJIIOp;M 06 3TOM IT03a60TJITCJI: ycraHOBJIT orpaHMqeHMJI cKopocrM Ha p;oporax, cogp;ap;yr 3eJieHbieKOpMp;opbi M 6yp;yr coxpaHJITb 3BKaJIMITTbi. BITpoqeM, KOaJiaM yrpO)KaeT He TOJibKO yp6aHM3aQMJI.

KOAJibl 89


68/142


69/142

VI qacTHbiX 3eMJUIX. IToKa 3TVI Mepbi He rrpVIHRTbi,apXVIBa)KHbiMVI OCTaiOTCR YCVIJIVIR, rrpep;rrpVIHVIMaeMbie rpyrrrraMVI crracaTene:H-p;o6poBOllhu;eB.

qeM 6oJibiiie Koan Mbi TepReM, TeM 6onee u;eHHOM cTaHOBVITCR )KVI3Hb Ka)Kp;oro crraceHHoro3BepbKa, - roBopVIT XeHrep.

,UnR ,Ue:Hp;pbi p;e BVIJIJibepc 6ep;bi Koan - Bee paB-HO qT o ee co6cTBeHHbie. BcRKVIM, KTO rroceTVIT eep;OM, 06Hapy)KVIT, qTO ITO BeqepaM yBa)KaeMbiM VIC-CJiep;OBaTeJib rrpeBpaiD;aeTCR B He)KHyiO rrpVIeMHYIOMaMy )J;JIR MaJieHbKVIX KOaJI.

Py6VI eiiJ;e CIIVIT B CBOeM KOp3VIHKe B 06HVIMKYC IIJIIOIIIeBbiM Mep;Bep;eM, - fOBOpVIT LJ:e:Hp;pa, IIO-Ka3biBaR MHe MaJieHbKYIO KOaJiy, CBepHyBIIIYIOCR,CJIOBHO MJiap;eHeu; B KOJibi6enVI. - Ee BbiTaiiJ;VIJIVI VI3co6aqbe:H rracTVI. XoTVITe rrop;ep)KaTb?.

ABmoacecapb P:nl: IfeM6epc, oouH U3ocHoBameJCeu opzaHuJau,uu CnaceHueKoaJC CaHutauH-Kocm 8 KBuHcJCeHoell08Um cemb10 caMKy Uee OemeHbtuta.YCaMKU - KOH'b10HKmU8Um, 8eCbMapacnpocmpaHeHHoe y KOaJC 3a6oJCe8aHue.C HUMU HaOo o6paL4ambCH JCaCK080, -Yllbt6aemcH IfeM6epc.

,Ue:Hp;pa rrepep;aeT MHe Py6VI, VI p;eTeHbiiii TYT )Keu;ennReTCR 3a MOIO IIIeiO. ,Ue:Hp;pa ynhi6aeTCR: Kor-p;a Py6VI IIO)J;HVIMaiOT, eM xoqeTCR IIOCKOpee BIJ;eIIVITbCR BO qTO-HVI6yp;b BCeMVI qeTblpbMR JlaiiaMVI.

,Ue BVIJIJibepc c ocTopo)KHOCTbiO Ca)KaeT Py6VI HaBeTKY p;epeBa, yKperrJieHHYIO B p;eTCKOM MaHe)Ke.

KOAJibl 91


70/142


71/142


72/142


73/142

I1HeBMOHJU! MO)KeT rrpHBO,Il;HTb K JieTaJibHOMy HCxop;y, oco6eHHO oHa orracHa p;JIR MaJieHhKHX KoaJI.

IToKa ,II;etip;pa rrorJia)KHBaeT Bee ei.Qe rrpe6biBaIOI.QYIO 6e3 co3HaHHR Py6rt, ,II;)KHJIJieT rrpoMbiBaeTJierKHe KOaJibl


74/142

ECTECTBEHHOE nOBE.QEHHE KOAJlbl - 06HV1MATbMAMY V1nV1 ~ E n O B E K A , KOTOPbllll3A60TV1TCs:J 0 HEM.c 3TV1M H l ~ T O HECPABH VlTCs:l. 5V10Jl01 E ~ A P A A E BV1JlflbEPC

Boopy:>KMBlliMCb pecMBepoM, )l(eH.l.QMHa rrpo6MpaeTCJI qepe3 I O ~ J i e C O K , CJiylllaJI, He rrp03ByqMT liMCMfHaJI 3aKperrJieHHOfO Ha KOaJie p a ~ M O O l l l e M H M K a .

HaKoHeu; pecMBep ynaBJIMBaeT cna6brti: cMrHaJI,M BMJIJibepc J i e ~ y e T 3a HMM ITO Jiecy, a 3BYK CTaHOBMTCJI BCe rpoMqe,

51 ee BM)I(y! - HaKOHeu; BOCKJIMIJ;aeT L J : e t i : ~ p a .Cepbrti: KOMOK pa3MepoM c 6acKeT60JibHbiM MJiqrrpM)I(aJICJI K BeTBM 3BKaJIMIITa MeTpax B I I J I T H a ~ u;aTM ronoBoti: , U e t i : ~ p b r . IToti:MaTb Koany, C M ~ J I .l.QYIO BbiCOKo Ha ~ e p e B e , - CJIO)I(HaJI 3 a ~ a q a CHaqana M3 rrpa.r.QM BbiCTpeJIMBaiOT KJiy6KOM JieCKM,KOTOpa51 ~ O J I ) I ( H a o6MOTaTbC51 BOKpyr cyKa p 5 1 ~ 0 Mc )I(MBOTHbiM. K necKe r r p M c o e ~ M H e H KaHaT, KOTOpbrti: Tyro rrepeTJirMBaiOT qepe3 cyK M rrpMB513biBaIOT K 3eMJie. 3aTeM K ~ e p e B y rrpMCTaBJIJIIOT ~ e C J I T M -96 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC J!IIOHb 2 0 1 2

MeTpoByiO necTHMU:Y- KoMy-To HY)I(HO 3a6paTbCJI ITO HeM HaBepx, a IIOTOM M e ~ J i e H H O crryCTMTbCJIITO KaHaTy BHM3 C llleCTOM B pyKaX. 3TOT KTO-TO,pa3YMeeTcJI, BMJIJibepc. 0Ha JIOBKO Kapa6KaeTcJIHa ~ e p e B o M, rroBMCHYB Ha cyKy, IIbiTaeTcJI HarryraTb KOaJiy, XJIOIIaJI y Hee H a ~ fOJIOBOM cpJia)I(KOM,rrpMBJI3aHHbiM K l l lecTy. KoanaM 3TO o6brqHo HeHpaBMTCJI, BOT M TM-BM HaqMHaeT crryc

National Geographic - 2012 06 (105) Июнь 2012

Documents

Transcript of National Geographic - 2012 06 (105) Июнь 2012