CHAPTER 3 Pesticide Labeling Chapter 3 National Pesticide Applicator Certification Core Manual.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY PestNaB: Presentation of pesticide risk...
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Transcript of NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY PestNaB: Presentation of pesticide risk...
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
PestNaB: Presentation of pesticide risk indicator developed at national level in Denmark
Christian Kjær Peter Borgen Sørensen
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
PestNaB› It is suitable as a framework for a harmonised
risk indicator because:
› It is flexible with respect to geographical coverage of data and variety of data and model types
› Can suggest most effective risk minimisation practises
› Can support setting up national action plan to reduce pesticide risk
› Visualise areas of concern (organisms at risk and areas of particularly concern)
› Incorporate new knowledge
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
PestNaB’s focus
From EEA internal working paper, 2003: Environmental Indicators:Typology and Use in Reporting
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Aim of a new improved indicator, PestNaB
› Make an indicator that can reflect the potential risk for nature due to application of pesticides
› Excluding› Contamination of groundwater› Risk for human health
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Process
› Identify the most important and certain pesticide side effects
› Aggregate incomparable effect types in a reasonable way
› Aggregation method invented that meet the challenges by assessing hot spots of risk (when more potential effects are likely to occur simultaneously)
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Basis of the indicator PestNaB
› Where are nature elements occurring?
› Where is the spraying occurring?
› Which pesticides has been sprayed?
› How toxic are these pesticides?
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Basic unit for analysisGrids of 1 km2
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
› Information about fields: Crop type, geographical
position etc.
› Information about nature: Type, position, distance to
fields
› Average used amount for different crops (based on
expert knowledge and sales numbers)
Quadrate information
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
No
. Exposure
Sub
ordinate
indicator Protection
1 Within the agricultural
fields
Mammals Terrestrial nature within
agricultural fields
2 - Birds -
3 - Bees -
4 - Earthworm
s
-
5 - Insects Food chain within agricultural field
6 - Plants -
7 Drift to terrestrial
nature
Bees Terrestrial nature in the vicinity of
agricultural fields
8 - Arthropod
s
-
9 - Plants -
Sub ordinate Indicators
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
No. Exposure
Sub ordinate
Indicator Protection
10 Leaching Algae Surface water
11 - Invertebrates -
12 - Fishes -
13 Drift to streams Algae -
14 - Invertebrates -
15 - Fishes -
16 Drift to ponds Algae -
17 - Invertebrates -
18 - Fishes -
Sub ordinate Indicators
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Sub ordinate indicator calculations
a1 m2
x1,ax2,a
x3,a
x1
1
ocK1
1
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Loadn: Toxic load for endpoint nA: Grid area (m2)Dosei,a: Mean yearly dose of active
ingredient i and for squaremeter a in the grid
Toxn,i: Toxicity selected for indicator n and active ingredient i
xe,a: Distance for square meter number a
i: Index for active ingredientsI: Number if active ingredientsa: Index for a specific square meterA: Number of square meters in the grid, - the area = 1000,000 m2
e: Index for type of nature element (Streams/rivers, Ponds/lakes,
Terrestrial)
Indicator calculation in a quadrate
A
a ae
I
i in
ai
n x
Tox
Dose
Load1 ,
1 ,
,
1
For indicators where the transport pathway is spray drift
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
What do we do› Compare all quadrates i one year with all
quadrates in another year and separate result of comparison into three categories:
› all sub indicators agree on › Year A > Year B› Year A < Year B› Unable to qualify such a statement because one or
more indicators points opposite to the rest
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
How to rank two scenarios, A and B
BABABA
BABABARS
RSA>BA>B: The Rank Strength for A>B
In other words: We are counting risk level hotspots, where several indicators simultaneously are predicting high load
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Scenario A: Application anno 2007
Scenario B: Application anno 2001
: 293,854,077
389,177,853
: 1,056,501,190
: 196.420
RSA>B: -0,05
BA
How to rank two scenarios, A and B
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Categories of protection
2001 highest risk
2007 highest riskAll biotopes
Agriculturalarea
Terrestrialbiotopes
Aquaticbiotopes
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Separate sub ordinate indicators RS
Spray drift to terrestrial nature, plants 0.29
Spray drift to terrestrial nature, arthropods 0.24
Field area, food chain involving plants 0.22
Field area, earthworms 0.17
Field area, food chains involving insects 0.03
Spray drift to streams, algae -0.07
Spray drift to ponds and lakes, algae -0.07
Field area, birds -0.11
Field area, bees -0.21
Spray drift to terrestrial nature, bees -0.23
Drain water, algae -0.28
Spray drift to streams, fish -0.36
Spray drift to ponds and lakes, fish -0.34
Field area, mammals -0.35
Drain water, fish -0.41
Spray drift to streams, invertebrates -0.51
Spray drift to ponds and lakes, invertebrates -0.51
Drain water, invertebrates -0.51 200
1 h
igher
toxic
pre
ssure
200
7
hig
her
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Assess potential for risk reductionPestNaB includes all means of management to
reduce risk:› Change in application rates (ex. convert to organic
farming, use of reduced dosages)› Change in rate of transport to ecosystem (unsprayed
buffer zones etc.)› Change in substance composition (substitution)› Change in location of application including
unsprayed buffer zones in the edge of fields
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Testing means of risk reduction
All Indicators
Category of protection
Within agricultural
fields
Terrestrial Outside
agricultural fields
Surfacewater
No reduction compared to 2007
0.18 0.36 0.50 0.13
Non spraying zones (10 m) 0.15 0.36 0.28 0.13
Reduced spraying zones (20 m)
0.13 0.36 0.13 0.13
Substitution -0.02 -0.06 0.06 -0.19
Increased organic farming (from
2% to 4% of agricultural area)
0.17 0.33 0.47 0.12
Reduced usage of insecticides
0.10 0.11 0.21 0.09
All means jointly -0.13 -0.09 -0.21 -0.21
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Use in monitoring and science› This type of indicator can aid the design of
monitoring programmes and guide science to plan research activities that search for “real” adverse effects by answering following question:
› “Where do we expect effect are most likely to occur taking into account the uncertainty of the data background”
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
PestNaB analysis of year 2007.Individual grid rank using indicators forecotoxicity in surface water ecosystems.
Strongest hotspots
Weaker hotspots
No hotspots
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
ConclusionThe PestNaB indicator can analyse
› Hot spot areas for pesticide risks
› Trends in the pesticide risk on a chosen scale
› Means of risk minimisation
› Fulfilment of objectives for risk minimisation
› Time trend (upward/downward) in the risk pressure
The PestNaB indicator can facilitate
› Flexible application of different type of knowledge