National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)
Transcript of National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)
National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)Socio‐economic Monitoring for US Coral Reef Jurisdictions
American Samoa Survey Results ‐ 2014
Presented By: Arielle Levine,NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
for more information on NCRMP visit : http://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/projects/ncrmp_socio/
National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)
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The National Coral Reef Monitoring Program gathers information to track the health of coral reefs and dependent human communities to assist in developing effective management plans and actions for coral reef conservation
National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP)
Biological Indicators
Climate Indicators
Socioeconomic Indicators
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Indicators for NCRMP Social MonitoringParticipation in reef activities
Attitudes towards coral reef management strategies and enforcement
Awareness and knowledge of coral reefs
Human population changes near coral reefs
Economic impact of coral reef fishing to jurisdiction
Economic impact of dive/snorkel tourism to jurisdiction
Community well‐being
Cultural importance of reefs
Participation in behaviors that may improve coral reef health
Physical infrastructure
Awareness of coral reef rules and regulations
Governance 4
Resident surveys The resident surveys will assist in collecting indicators for the
socioeconomic monitoring component of NCRMP Surveys collect information on:Use of coral reef resourcesKnowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of coral reefs and coral reef management
In American Samoa, resident surveys were conducted during February 2014
Surveys will be repeated every 3‐4 years in each jurisdiction
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Surveys were done in‐person (house to house) on weekday afternoons and weekends
Confidential (no names or personally identifiable information was collected)
Survey was conducted in Samoan or English (depending on respondent preference)
Survey Methodology
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Sample:448 American Samoan residents over the age of 18
Stratified random sample of villages on Tutuila:Urban / Semi‐urban / RuralNorth, South, East, and West
Survey Methodology
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Representative sample of population:
‐ 95% confidence level
‐ 4.6% confidence interval
Sample:448 American Samoan residents over the age of 18
Stratified random sample of villages on Tutuila:Urban / Semi‐urban / RuralNorth, South, East, and West
Survey conducted by:Trained surveyors from local agencies, supervised by San Diego State University
Survey Methodology
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Survey village locations:
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AmanaveAmouliAoloauFaga’ituaFagasaFailoloFaleniuIli’ili
Lauli’iLeoneMalaeimiNu’uuliOnenoaPago PagoVaitogi
Results – Demographics – Gender
46%
52%
2%
FemaleMaleBlank
*Gender distribution in American Samoa is 50/50 according to 2010 census
Results – Demographics – Age
Age Survey 2010 Census
18‐29 26.2% 29.6%
30‐39 24.7% 22.2%
40‐49 22.4% 21.8%
50‐59 13.7% 14.8%
60‐69 10.5% 7.6%
70 + 0.0% 4.1%no response 2.5% ‐
Results – Demographics – Length of time in AS
Results – Demographics – Languages spoken
85.2%
95.7%
0.9% 0.4%4.7%
English Samoan Korean Chinese Tongan0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Results – Demographics – Race/ethnicity
Results – Demographics – Highest level of education completed
Results – Demographics – Employment status
Results – Demographics – Annual income
Results – Q1 How often do you participate in each of the following activities?
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Swimming Snorkeling
Diving (SCUBA or free)
Waterside/ beach camping
Beach recreation Boating
Outrigger canoe/ Fautasi Surfing Fishing
Gathering of other marine resources
Never 20% 70% 93% 55% 39% 75% 82% 86% 47% 56%Once a month or less 32% 14% 3% 29% 29% 13% 7% 5% 21% 23%2‐3 times a month 20% 7% 2% 10% 16% 5% 3% 2% 16% 7%4 times a month or more 23% 5% 2% 5% 13% 5% 3% 3% 15% 6%No response 4% 3% 1% 1% 2% 3% 5% 4% 1% 7%
Results – Q2 (Fishers only) How often do you fish or harvest marine resources…?
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Results – Q3 How often does your family eat fish/seafood?
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Results – Q4 Where do you get the fish or seafood your family eats?
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Results – Q5 How are American Samoa’s marine resources currently doing?
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11%9%
6% 7%
22%24%
18%16%
13%9%
11% 9%
34%
22%26% 27%
8%5%
7%9%
12%
30% 32% 31%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Ocean water quality(clean and clear)
Amount of coral Amount of fish Number of animals forgleaning
Very bad Bad Neither bad nor good Good Very good Not sure
Results – Q6 How have the conditions changed over the last 10 years?
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15%13%
11% 11%
20% 19%16% 15%15% 14% 15% 14%
19% 18%17%
20%
14%
10% 11% 12%
16%
26%
31% 29%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Ocean water quality(clean and clear)
Amount of coral Amount of fish Number of animals forgleaning
A lot worse Somewhat worse No change Somewhat better A lot better Not sure
Results – Q7 In the next 10 years, will the condition of the marine resources get worse, stay the same or improve?
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Results – Q8 Disagree/Agree
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7%
22%
7%1%4%
32%
4% 2%2% 1% 2% 2%
53%
25%
54%60%
22%
9%
21%29%
12% 10% 12%5%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Coral reefs protect AS fromerosion and natural
disasters
Coral reefs are onlyimportant to fishermen,divers and snorkelers
Healthy reefs attracttourists
Coral reefs are Important toAS culture
Strongly disagree Disagree Neither Agree Strongly agree Not sure
Results – Q9 Familiarity with potential threats facing coral reefs in American Samoa
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5% 7% 2% 2% 3%7% 9%
5% 2%6%
2% 2% 2% 1% 1%
54%
45%
64%68%
58%
15%11%
18% 17%13%16%
26%
9% 10%
19%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Climate change Coral bleaching Hurricanes and othernatural disasters
Pollution Coastal/ urbandevelopment
Very unfamiliar Unfamiliar Neither familiar nor unfamiliar Familiar Very familiar Not sure
Results – Q9 Familiarity with potential threats facing coral reefs in American Samoa
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Results – Q10 Threats to coral reefs in American Samoa are:
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Results – Q11 How familiar are you with Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)?
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Results – Q12 (for those aware of MPAs) Disagree or agree
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MPAs protect coral reefs
MPAs increase number of fishes
There should be fewer MPAs in American Samoa
There should be more MPAs in American
Samoa
There has been
economic benefit to American Samoa
from MPAs
Fishermen's livelihoods have been negatively impacted from MPAs
in AS
MPAs help
incresetourism in Am. Samoa
I would support adding new
MPAs in Am.
Samoa
I generally support the
establishment of MPAs
Strongly agree 28% 30% 6% 26% 31% 8% 17% 30% 28%
Agree 63% 61% 18% 61% 59% 30% 68% 59% 59%
Neither 2% 0% 1% 1% 1% 5% 2% 2% 1%
Disagree 2% 3% 32% 7% 2% 23% 4% 3% 5%
Strongly disagree 0% 1% 26% 2% 2% 20% 2% 1% 0%
Not sure 5% 5% 16% 3% 5% 14% 7% 5% 7%
Results – Q13 Disagree or agree
17% 13%
2%
12%4%
19% 16%8%
14%9%
4% 3% 1% 3% 1%
36%44%
64%
47%55%
13% 16% 18% 17%23%
10% 8% 7% 8% 9%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Ban on fishing "bigfish"
Expansion of FageteleNational Marine
Sanctuary
Establishingcommunity‐based
village MPAs
Establishingpermanent no‐take
MPAs
Establishing areaswith temporaryfishing closures
Strongly disagree Disagree Neither Agree Strongly agree Not sure
Results – Q14 How often do you participate in any activity to protect the environment?
27%
20%
14%16%
18%
6%
0%
20%
40%
Not At all Once a year orless
Several times ayear
At least once amonth
Several times amonth or more
Not sure
Results – Q15 To what degree do you trust each of these sources of information on coral reef related topics in American Samoa?
4%1% 1% 2% 2% 4% 3% 1% 1%
12%7% 5% 8% 7%
8% 7%2% 3%
7%
5% 4%7% 14%
11% 10%
3% 2%
52%68% 70% 60% 52% 49% 57%
60% 61%
9%11% 12%
11%9% 10%
12%29% 29%
16%9% 9% 12% 18% 18%
10%4% 3%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Newspapers Radio TV Internet Friends &family
Communityleaders
Churchleaders
Gov't ofAmericanSamoa
Fed gov'tagencies
Not sure Very trustworthy Trustworthy Neither trustworthy nor untrustworthy Untrustworthy Very untrustworthy
Results – Q16 Which is your 1st and 2nd most important source of information on coral reef related topics in American Samoa?
Results – Q17 How involved is the local community in protecting and managing
coral reefs?
Results – Q18 How involved are you in making decisions related to the management of coral
reefs in American Samoa?
Results – Fisher vs Non FisherFamiliarity with MPA
Results – Fisher vs Non FisherMPAs protect coral reefs
Results – Fisher vs Non FisherMPAs increase number of fishes
Results – Fisher vs Non FisherThere should be more MPAs in American Samoa
Results – Fisher vs Non FisherThere has been economic benefit to American
Samoa from MPAs
Results – Fisher vs Non FisherFishermen’s livelihoods have been negatively impacted from MPAs in American Samoa
Results – Fisher vs Non FisherMPAs help increase tourism in American Samoa
Results – Fisher vs Non FisherBan on “big fish”
Results – Fisher vs Non FisherExpansion of Fagatele Bay
Results – Fisher vs Non FisherEstablishing community‐based village MPAs
Results – Fisher vs Non FisherEstablishing permanent no‐take MPAs
Results – Fisher vs Non FisherEstablishing areas with temporary fishing
closures
Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralFrequency of Swimming
Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralFrequency of Snorkeling
Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralFrequency of beach recreation
Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralFrequency of fishing
Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralFrequency of gathering marine resources
Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralOcean water quality
39%
26% 26%
16%
9% 11%
31%
51%58%
14% 14%
6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Urban Semi‐urban Rural
Bad Neither bad nor good Good Not sure
Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralAmount of coral
35%31% 31%
16%
9%11%
19%
33%
42%
14% 14%
6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Urban Semi‐urban Rural
Bad Neither bad nor good Good Not sure
Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralAmount of fish
27%24%
20%16%
9%11%
23%
40%
47%
14% 14%
6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Urban Semi‐urban Rural
Bad Neither bad nor good Good Not sure
Results – Urban, Semi‐urban, RuralNumber of animals for gleaning
24% 24%20%
16%
9% 11%
28%
41%
52%
14% 14%
6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Urban Semi‐urban Rural
Bad Neither bad nor good Good Not sure
Summary of outcomes 78% of American Samoans eat fish/seafood once a week or
more; most fishers (87%) do not sell the fish they catch
The majority of the population states that they are familiar with threats facing coral reefs (all threat types)
Residents are generally supportive of current marine management measures, particularly: 82% support community‐based village MPAs
78% support temporary fishing closures
American Samoan residents are trusting of and reliant on government information sources regarding coral reef topics
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Summary of outcomes There is little difference in the perceptions of those who fish
vs. those who do not fish regarding MPAs and coral reef management measures Exception: Fishermen are more likely to disagree with the Sanctuary
expansion, but 50% still state they are supportive
Recreational activities are more popular in semi‐urban regions
Resource extraction is more common in rural and semi‐urban regions
Perceptions of resource condition are worst in urban areas and best in rural areas
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Thank you
For more information, please contact:
Arielle Levine, Regional Social Scientist ([email protected])
Fatima Sauafea‐Leau , NOAA PIRO (Fatima.Sauafea‐[email protected]; 633‐3526)
http://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/projects/ncrmp_socio
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