national builiding codes

Amity School of Architecture & Planning

BUILDING BYE - LAWS

& CODES PRACTICES

B. Arch IV Semester

Course Code: BAR 408


Codes Practices

Introduction to Codes of Practice

Introduction to various building codes in professional practice

emphasizing the importance of codes and regulations to protect

public health, safety and welfare and to ensure compliance with

the local authority.

Application of Codes of Practice

• Understanding the applications of various codes as per various

building types.

• Conducting a comprehensive code search process and

• Representing the above analysis by preparing detailed code

data sheets as applicable in the domain which has been

chosen for the research.

Amity School of Architecture & Planning3

� “Building codes are a series of ordinances enacted by a state or local governmental

entity, establishing minimum requirements that must be met in the construction and

maintenance of buildings”.

� The government establishes requirements and standards to protect people from unsafe living

and working conditions.

Introduction to Building Codes


� Ensure public health and safety throughout a building.

� Most have come into play “after-the-fact” as a learning

experience from a major tragedy.

� They are primarily concerned with

� Construction requirements

� Hazardous materials or equipment used in the building

� 75% of all codes and standards deal with fire

� Energy conservation

� Accessibility

PURPOSE OF Codes


� A building code is a document containing standardized requirement for the

design & construction of most types of building.

� Codes regulate building construction & building use in order to protect the

health, safety & welfare of the occupant.

� Codes express all aspects of construction including structural integrity, fire

resistance, safe exists, lighting, electrical, energy conservation, plumbing,

sanitary facilities, ventilation, seismic design & correct use of construction

materials.

� Building codes classify standard by use & apply different standards to

each classification. For example, schools & office buildings are in separate

occupancy category with different performance requirement.

What is building code?


� The codes includes various aspect for regulation on design

& construction viz;

� For Planning Building/Development work

� For Structural Design

� For Constructional aspects

� For Building Services (HVAC, electrical, Acoustics, lifts etc.)

� Plumbing Services (Water supply, Sewerage, Drainage, waste

management)

� Landscaping, signs and outdoor display structures



� The purpose of all these building codes is to ensure

public safety, health & welfare as affected by

building construction.

� This purpose includes:

� Structural strength

� Sanitary equipment

� Light & ventilation

� Fire safety



NATIONAL BUILDING CODES

Introduction


� The National Building Code of India (NBC), (a

comprehensive building Code), is a national instrument

providing guidelines for regulating the building construction

activities across the country.

� It serves as a Model Code for adoption by all agencies

involved in building construction works be they Public Works

Departments, other government construction departments,

local bodies or private construction agencies.

What is National building code?


� The Code mainly contains administrative regulations,

development control rules and general building requirements;

fire safety requirements; stipulations regarding materials,

structural design and construction (including safety); and

building and plumbing services.

� The National Building Code was first published in 1970 at the

instance of Planning Commission and then revised in 1983.

Thereafter three major amendments were issued, two in 1987

and the third in 1997.

What is National building code?


These studies resulted in a recommendation that a

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE be prepared to unify the

building regulations throughout the country.

In 1968 A Report on Economies in Construction Cost’ was

published by planning commission.

It revealed that building bylaws and regulations and some of

the prevailing methods of construction were outmoded; some

designs were over burdened with safety factors; building

bylaws of municipal bodies were outdated etc.

History and Overview -National building code


• The Bureau of Indian Standards was established with the

objective of harmonious development of standardization

activity in India.

• This Bureau, Under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act,

1986, established Indian Standards, by a process of

consultation involving consumers, manufacturers,

Government and regulatory bodies, technologists, scientists

and testing laboratories through duly constituted

committees.

History and Overview -National building code


History and Overview - National building code

The first version of the NATIONAL BUILDING CODE was

published in 1970. Since the publication in 1970 version of the

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE a large number of comments and

useful suggestions for modifications and additions to different

parts and sections of the code were received.

The revised version of NATIONAL BUILDING CODE of India

was therefore, brought out in 1983


Based on the changes effected in the:

• Steel Code,

• Masonry Code

• Loading Codes

• to update Fire Protection Requirements,

three voluminous amendments were brought out to

the 1983 version of the Code,

Two in 1987 and the third in 1997.


In the last about two decades since the publication of the 1983

version of the Code, substantial further experience had been

gained in the areas of the

• Building planning,

• Designing and

• Construction.

Intensive efforts involving wide consultative process have

resulted in finalization and publication of the

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA – 2005

reflecting the state-of-the-art and contemporary applicable

international practices.


The revised

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF

INDIA – 2005

was formally released on 16th

September 2005

at New Delhi


It is the third revision compiled under the aegisof the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).

It provides guidelines for regulating buildingconstruction activities across the country.

It has the basic codes for constructionmaterials, services, systems and processes.


CONTENTS OF NBC 2005

• PART 0 INTEGRATED APPROACH – PREREQUISITE FOR APPLYING PROVISION OF THE CODE

• PART 1 DEFINITIONS

• PART 2 ADMINISTRATION

• PART 3 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES AND GENERALBUILDING REQUIREMENTS

• PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY

• PART 5 BUILDING MATERIALS

• PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

• PART 7 CONSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES AND SAFETY

• PART 8 BUILDING SERVICES

• PART 9 PLUMBING SERVICES

• PART 10 LANDSCAPING, SIGNS AND OUTDOOR DISPLAYSTRUCTURES


Part 0: Integrated Approach Prerequisite

for Applying Provisions of the Code

This part covers guidelines to be followed for judicious

implementation of the provisions of various

parts/sections of the Code.


PART 1 : DEFINITIONS

It lists the terms appearing in all the parts/sections of

the National Building Code of India. However, some

common definitions are reproduced in this part also.


PART 2: ADMINISTRATION

It covers the administrative aspects of the Code, such as:

• Applicability of the Code,

• Organization of building department for enforcement of the

Code,

• Procedure for obtaining development and building permits, and

• Responsibility of the owner and all professionals involved in the

planning, design and construction of the building.


PART 3: DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES

AND GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

It covers :

• The development control rules and general building

requirements for proper planning and design at the layout

and building level to ensure health safety, public safety and

desired quality of life.

• Provides provisions for covered area, plinth area, FAR,

amenities, land use classification, height/ size of rooms,

kitchens etc.


PART 4 : FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY

It covers the requirements for fire prevention, life safety inrelation to fire, and fire protection of buildings. The codespecifies planning and construction features and fire protectionfeatures for all occupancies that are necessary to minimizedanger to life and property.

The code categorizes the buildings as follows:

Group A - Residential Group B - Educational

Group C - Institutional Group D - Assembly

Group E - Business Group F - Mercantile

Group G - Industrial Group H - Storage

Group J - Hazardous


PART 5: BUILDING MATERIALS

It covers the requirements of building materials andcomponents, and criteria for accepting new or alternativebuilding materials and components.


29 Materials/ components which are covered in this part:

1. Aluminum & other light materials & their alloys

2. Bitumen & Tar products

3. Builders hardware's

4. Building chemicals

5. Building lime and products

6. Burnt clay products

7. Cement & concrete (i/c reinforcement)

8. Composite matrix products

9. Conductors & cables

10. Doors/windows & ventilators

11. Electrical wiring & accessories

12. Fillers, stoppers & putties

13. Floor coverings, roofing's & other finishes

14. Glass

15. Gypsum based materials


29 Materials/ components which are covered in this part :

16. Lignocellulosic building materials (timber bamboos etc.)

17. Paints & allied products

18. Polymers, plastics etc.

19. Sanitary appliances & water fittings

20. Soil based blocks

21. Steel & its alloys

22. Stones.

23. Structural sections

24. Thermal insulation materials

25. Threaded fasteners & rivets

26. Unit weight of building materials

27. Water proofing & damp proofing materials

28. Welding electrodes & wires

29. Wire ropes & wire products


PART 6 : STRUCTURAL DESIGN

This part through its seven sections provides for:

• structural adequacy of buildings to deal with bothinternal and external environment, and

• provide guidance to engineers/ structural engineersfor varied usage of material/ technology types forbuilding design.


Part 6 : Section 1 : Loads, Forces and

Effects

It covers basic design loads to be assumed in the design ofbuildings.

The live loads, wind loads, seismic loads, snow loads andother loads, which are specified herein, are minimumworking loads which should be taken into consideration forpurposes of design.


Part 6 : Section 2 : Soils and

Foundations

It covers structural design (principles) of all

building foundations such as raft, pile and other

foundation systems to ensure safety and

serviceability without exceeding the permissible

stresses of the materials of foundations and the

bearing capacity of the supporting soil.


Part 6 : Section 3A : Timber

It covers the use of structural timber in structures or

elements of structures connected together by

fasteners/ fastening techniques.


Part 6 : Section 3B : Bamboo It covers :

• The use of bamboo for constructional purposes instructures or elements of the structure,

• Ensuring quality and effectiveness of design andconstruction using bamboo.

• Minimum strength data, dimensional and gradingrequirements,

• Seasoning, preservative treatment, design and jointingtechniques with bamboo which would facilitate scientificapplication and long-term performance of structures.

• Guidelines so as to ensure proper procurement, storage,precautions and design limitations on bamboo.


Part 6 : Section 4 : Masonry

It covers

• the structural design aspects of unreinforced load

bearing and non-load bearing walls,

• Constructed using various bricks, stones and blocks

permitted in accordance with this section.

• provisions for design of reinforced brick and reinforced

brick concrete floors and roofs.


Part 6 : Section 5A :

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

It covers the general structural use of plain and reinforcedconcrete.


Part 6 : Section 5B : Prestressed

Concrete

It covers the general structural use of pre-stressedconcrete. It covers both work carried out on site and themanufacture of precast pre-stressed concrete units.


Part 6 : Section 6 : Steel

It covers the use of structural steel in general buildingconstruction including the use of hot rolled steel sectionsand steel tubes.


Part 6 : Section 7 :

Prefabrication and Systems

Building


Though desirable for large scale building activities, has yet

to take a firm hold in the country.

Includes a few recommendations on the need to avoid

‘progressive collapse’ of the structures.

Part 6 : Section 7A : Prefabricated

Concrete:


Part 6 : Section 7B : Systems Building and

mixed/ Composite Construction

It covers recommendations regarding modular

planning, component sizes, joints, manufacture,

storage, transport and erection of prefabricated

elements for use in buildings and such related

requirements for mixed/composite construction.


PART 7 : CONSTRUCTIONAL

PRACTICES AND SAFETY

It covers

• The constructional practices in buildings;

• storage, stacking and handling of materials and

• safety of personnel during construction operations forall elements of a building and demolition of buildings.

The objective can be best achieved through propercoordination and working by the project management andconstruction management teams.


PART 8 : BUILDING SERVICES

This part through its five elaborate sections on utilities provides detailed guidance to concerned professionals/ utility engineers for meeting necessary functional requirements in buildings.


Part 8 : Section 1 : Lighting and

Ventilation

It covers requirements and methods for lighting andventilation of buildings.


PART 8 : Section 2 : Electrical and

Allied Installations

It covers

• The essential requirements for electrical installations inbuildings to ensure efficient use of electricity includingsafety from fire and shock.

• General requirements relating to lightning protection ofbuildings.


PART 8 : Section 3 : Air conditioning,

Heating and Mechanical Ventilation

This section covers

• The design, construction and installation of air

conditioning and heating systems and

• equipment installed in buildings for the purpose of

providing and maintaining conditions of air temperature,

humidity, purity and

• Distribution, suitable for the use and occupancy of the

space.


PART 8 : Section 4 : Acoustics, Sound

Insulation and Noise Control

It covers, requirements and guidelines regarding planningagainst noise, acceptable noise levels and therequirements for sound insulation in buildings with differentoccupancies.


PART 8 : Section 5 : Installation of

Lifts and Escalators

It covers the essential requirements for the installation, operation, maintenance and also inspection of lifts (passenger lifts, goods lifts, hospital lifts, service lifts and dumb-waiter lifts) and escalators so as to ensure safe and satisfactory performance.


PART 9 : PLUMBING SERVICES

This part through its two sections gives detailed guidanceto concerned professionals/ plumbing engineers withregard to plumbing and other related requirements inbuildings.


PART 9 : Section 1 : Water Supply, Drainage and

Sanitation (including Solid Waste Management)

It covers

• The basic requirements of water supply for residential,

business and other types of buildings, including traffic

terminal stations.

• General requirements of plumbing connected to public

water supply and design of water supply systems.

• Provisions on Rain Water Harvesting have also been

included


PART 9 : Section 1 : Water Supply, Drainage and

Sanitation (including Solid Waste Management)

It also covers

• The design, layout, construction and maintenance of drains for

foul water, surface water and subsoil water and sewage;

• Together with all ancillary works, such as connections,

manholes and inspection chambers used within the building

and from building to the connection to a public sewer, private

sewer, individual sewage-disposal system, cess-pool, or to

other approved point of disposal/ treatment work.

• It further includes the provisions on solid waste management.


PART 9 : Section 2 : Gas Supply

It covers the requirements regarding the safety of personsand property for all piping uses and for all types of gasesused for fuel or lighting purposes in buildings.


PART 10 : Section 1 : Landscape

Planning and Design

It covers requirements of landscape planning and designwith the view to promoting quality of outdoor builtenvironment and protection of land and its resources.


PART 10 : Section 2 :

Signs and Outdoor Display Structures

It covers

• The requirements with regard to public safety,structural safety and fire safety of all signs(advertisements) and outdoor display structuresincluding the overall aesthetical aspects of impositionof signs and outdoor display structures in the outdoorbuilt environment.

• Terminologies related to signages and explanatoryfigures have been added.


• Inclusion of a complete philosophy and direction for

successfully accomplishing the building projects through

integrated multidisciplinary approach right from conceptual

stage through planning, designing, construction, operation

and maintenance stages.

• A series of reforms in building permit process.

• Provision for ensuring safety of buildings against natural

disaster& certification of structural sufficiency by engineer &

structural engineer.

• Permission of two stage permit for high rise residential and

special buildings.

Salient Features of NBC – 2005


• Provision for periodic renewal certificate of occupied buildings

from structural, fire, electrical, health safety point of view

• Provision for empowering engineers/architects for sanctioning

plans for residential buildings up to 500 sqm.

• Revision of parking requirements for metro & mega cities.

(mega cities are metros with population more than 50 lacs)

• Up gradation of special requirements for low income housing

for urban areas.

• Inclusion of special requirements for low income housing for

rural habitat planning.



• Inclusion of guidelines for development planning for hilly

areas.

• Revisions of the provisions for building and facilities for

physically challenged

• Fire safety norms completely revamped through detailed

provisions on fire prevention, life safety and fire protection

• Inclusion of new categories of starred hotels, heritage

structures & archeological monuments for fire safety

provisions

• Substitution of halon based fire extinguishers/fire fighting

system

• Promotion to new/innovative building materials/technologies



• Inclusion of latest provisions for earthquake resistant design &

construction

• Inclusion of details on multi-disaster prone districts

• Inclusion of new chapter on design & construction using

bamboos

• Chapter on pre-fabricated & composite construction for

speedier construction

• Up gradation of provision of safety in construction.

• Complete revision of provision on building & plumbing

services in line with applicable international practices.

• Provision on Rain Water Harvesting

• Inclusion of new chapter to cover landscaping needs.



Conclusion

� Codes set the minimum criteria. You can follow

stricter requirements at any time.

� They are not always perfectly clear. When two

requirements are similar, go with the strictest

requirement

� Not all of them will apply to every design situation.� Work with the code official to resolve discrepancies.

national builiding codes

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