National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)...
Transcript of National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)...
UNDPMoEF
National Biodiversity Strategy National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) and Action Plan (NBSAP) IndiaIndia
-- M s. M s. SeemaSeema BhattBhatt
India, with 2.4% of the world s area, has 8.1% of the world s total biodiversity,making it one of the 12 megadiversitycountries in the world.
India s biodiversity is in trouble. Experts estimate that over 5% of plants and animals are threatened with extinction.
Causes for Biodiversity Loss
Proximate Causes
W ild ecosystems and taxa
Habitat destruction and degradationHunting/ exploitation/ collection/ fishingIntroduction of exoticsAccidents and climate change
Agricultural ecosystems and domesticated taxa
Habitat destruction and homogenisationIntroduction of exotics and hybrids Loss of wild relatives, market orientation, and consumer
preferences
Causes for Biodiversity LossRoot Causes
Current model of development and economic progress
Erosion of customary rights and community management, and inappropriate tenurial and institutional arrangements
Increasing social, political and economic inequities
Changes in cultural, ethical and moral values
Lack of recognition of the full values of biodiversity
Inappropriate and contradictory laws and policies
Demographic changes
Inappropriate trade systems
Emergence of NBSAPIndia became a signatory to the Convention on
Biological Diversity (CBD) in June 1992. Article 6 of the CBD requires parties to the
Convention to prepare National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs). The
process to prepare India's NBSAP was started under this mandate.
Produce an implementable action plan to:
Conserve India's biodiversity;
Use biological resources sustainably;
Achieve equity in access to and benefits from biodiversity
M AIN OBJECTIVE
Full range of biodiversity: natural and agricultural ecosystems, wild plants, animals, micro-organisms, crops, livestock
Full range of values and issues: biological/ ecological, economic, ethical, cultural, political
33 STATE / U.T. ACTION PLANS
18 LOCAL (SUBSTATE) ACTION PLANS
10 ECOREGIONAL (INTER-STATE) ACTION PLANS
13 THEMATIC ACTION PLANS
33 SUB-THEMATIC REVIEW PAPERS
NATIONAL ACTION PLAN built on above, and on lessons from several hundred public
hearings, workshops, yatras, festivals, and other events
Outputs: Outputs: 61 action plans 61 action plans at State, at State, SubstateSubstate, and Inter, and Inter--state state ((EcoregionalEcoregional) levels) levels
Natural ecosystems and wild species Domesticated ecosystems and speciesLivelihoods, lifestyles, and biodiversity Culture, Health, Education Economics and valuation of biodiversityPolicies, laws, and institutions Access, benefit-sharing, and IPRs
SUB-THEM ATIC REVIEW PAPERS
M ining and BiodiversityCommunity Conserved Areas in GujaratTree Plantations and BiodiversityBiodiversity in the M ediaBiodiversity in EIAsNatural Dyes and BiodiversityNomadic Pastoralism and BiodiversityUrban biodiversityHome Gardens and Biodiversity Thermal Power and BiodiversityTourism and Biodiversity Dams and Biodiversity
SUB-THEM ATIC REVIEW PAPERS (contd )
Pesticides/ Toxics and BiodiversityRemote SensingNon-pastoral NomadsCommunity Based M onitoring Important Bird AreasCustomary Laws and BiodiversityConventional Technologies Agricultural Biotechnology and GlobalisationEco-friendly and Alternative TechnologiesIntegrated Biodiversity Information SystemsConventional TechnologiesW ildlife Human Conflicts
SUB-THEM ATIC REVIEW PAPERS (contd )
Non-Timber Forest ProductsIndigenous Knowledge Public Distribution SystemExotics and Indigenous BiodiversityResearch on Agricultural BiodiversityPaper Industry and Biodiversity Humanized Natural LandscapesClimate ChangeEcological Impacts of NTFP Collection in W est BengalEnvironmental Education and Persons W ith DisabilitiesM arine Bioresources
Ecological Security: integrity of ecosystems and species, protect ion of crit ical ecosystem values and services
Livelihood Securit y: sustaining the survival and livelihoods of those direct ly
dependent on biodiversit y and bioresources
TWI N FOCUS
Elaborate planning phaseElaborate planning phase, with about 30 , with about 30 guiding papers and methodological notesguiding papers and methodological notes
Building on Building on past/ existing planspast/ existing plans and information and information
Use of Use of local languageslocal languages
Participation of Participation of all relevant sectorsall relevant sectors
Transparent processTransparent process, all documents public, all documents public
Open platformOpen platform for people to usefor people to use
THE PROCESS
Public hearings
M ass participation events- boat and cycle rallies, foot marches, street theatre
Festivals- mobile seed display on bullock cart
Technical workshops
OUTREACH IN PRINT
Special outreach- for children, youth, women
Widespread awareness on biodiversit y issues; good regional media coverage
Generat ion of f ield data on biodiversit y
Capacit y enhancement and empowerment , incl. village communit ies
Act ion already!
Widespread net working
Considerable local and internat ional interest
Donor interest
I nt ernat ional At tent ion
' UNANTI CI PATED' POSI TI VE I MPACTS
' UNANTI CI PATED' NEGATI VE I MPACTS
KEY STRATEGIES of NATIONAL ACTION PLAN
Overall framework:
1. Local to national land & water use planning, earmarking areas critical for ecological and livelihood security, keeping these off-limits to large-scale developmental and commercial processes
2. Ecosystem approach, integrating conservation and livelihoods across large landscapes and seascapes
3. Governance model, starting at smallest decision-making unit and moving upwards at larger levels keeping ecological boundaries in mind
STRATEGY CLUSTERS of NATIONAL ACTION PLAN
1. Understanding biodiversity: research, databases
2. Biodiversity conservation: in situ and ex situ
3. Sustainable use and livelihoods
4. Equity in access, use, and benefits, esp. of most disprivileged groups
5. Building capacity: education, training, awareness
6. Inter-sectoral integration
7. Legal and policy measures
8. Financial and economic measures
9. Technological measures
10. International initiatives
Prioritised Strategies at National Level(Criteria: Urgency, Overall Impact, Current Neglect)
1. Overall landscape/ ecosystem approach, land/ water use plan2. Conservation in community lands, and outside PAsacross landscape,
including agrobiodiversity-rich areas3. Sustainability/ biodiversity integration into resource use programmes4. Sustainable, secure livelihoods, including through incentives5. Traditional knowledge protection and benefit-sharing6. Capacity of public functionaries, governance institutions, financial
institutions, armed forces, corporate sector, media, religious bodies7. Biodiversity integration into development sectors, esp. water,
power, infrastructure, mining8. Biodiversity integration in macro-economic policies/ programmes,
and budgets9. Agrobiodiversity integration into PDS, health/ nutrition programmes
TOW ARDS IM PLEM ENTATION
Government commitment
Committee under National Biodiversity Act
State Biodiversity Boards and Acts
Citizens commitment and empowerment
Empowering village institutions
Policy changes
Capacity building
Resources
-The first (October 2002) and second drafts (March 2003) of the National Action Plan were produced and widely circulated under the MoEF sname, commented upon, and revised based on comments from a wide range of stakeholders.
-The third revised version was looked at by a peer review group set up by the MoEF in mid-2003.
-A fourth and final draft was produced after this, and till this time the understanding with MoEF was that this would now be considered for approval as the National Plan.
In January 2004, MoEF took the view that the final draft could only be published as a Final Technical Report, and that this would provide the basis for a National Action Plan for the approval of the Union Cabinet.
In May 2004, the MoEF further changed its position and did not sanction the publication of the draft even as a Final Technical Report, It was learnt that the MoEF was not comfortable with some parts of the report.
For the members of the technical implementing agency, information came through external sources like Parliament Questions and using the Right to Information Act.
In February 2005, MoEF said that it was now finalising a draft, which would go to the other ministries and then to Cabinet for approval. It did not however publicly share the revised draft. It did however; submit a revised version of the draft to UNDP as part of its commitment to the donor agency.
In March 2005, MoEF wrote to Kalpavriksh asking it not to publish or in any form make publicly available, the report submitted in December 2003.
With the above scenario in mind, Kalpavriksh, then decided to make the report (submitted in December 2003) available to the public in a published form, as the Final Technical Report of NBSAP (in the form agreed to by MoEF in writing, in early 2004).
TPCG and Kalpavriksh. 2005. Securing India's Future: Final Technical Report of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Prepared by the NBSAP Technical and Policy Core Group. Kalpavriksh, Delhi/Pune. (This includes a CD of all plans).
Bhatt, Seema and Kohli, Kanchi with Kothari, Ashish. 2006. Process Documentation of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan - India. Kalpavriksh, Delhi/Pune.
Apte, T. 2005. An Activist Approach to Biodiversity Planning. A Handbook of Participatory Tools used to Prepare India's National Strategy and Action Plan. IIED, London.
MoEF, GoI. 1998. Implementation of Article 6 of the Convention on Biological Diversity in India. National Report. GoI. Delhi.
MoEF, GoI. 1999. National Policy and Macrolevel Strategy on Biodiversity. GoI, Delhi.
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