Second-generation Afghans in Iran: Integration, Identity ...
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A8 SUNDAY, AUGUST 19, 2012 NATION | WORLD
WASHINGTON — When President Barack Obama an-nounced last month that he was cutting off a little-known Bagh-dad bank from any dealings with the U.S. banking system, it was a rare public acknowl-edgment of a delicate problem for an administration hoping for a reliable ally in the country where U.S. troops just fought a war: For months, Iraq has been providing economic assistance to Iran, skirting the sanctions imposed on Tehran because of its nuclear program.
The bank singled out by the United States, the Elaf Islamic Bank, is only part of a network of financial institutions and oil-smuggling operations that, ac-cording to current and former U.S. and Iraqi government of-ficials and experts on the Iraqi banking sector, has provided Iran with a crucial flow of dol-lars at a time when sanctions are squeezing its economy.
The Obama administration is not eager for a public show-down with the government of Prime Minister Nouri al-Mali-ki over Iran just seven months after the last U.S. troops with-drew from Baghdad.
Still, it has held private talks with Iraqi officials to complain about specific in-stances of financial and logisti-cal ties between the countries, officials say, although they do not regard all trade between them as illegal, or as in the case of smuggling, as some-thing completely new. In one recent instance, when U.S. officials learned that the Iraqi government was aiding the Ira-nians by allowing them to use Iraqi airspace to ferry supplies to Syria, Obama called al-Ma-liki to complain. The Iranian planes flew another route.
In response to questions from The New York Times, David S. Cohen, the Treasury Department’s undersecretary for terrorism and financial intelligence, provided a writ-ten statement saying that Iran
“may seek to escape the force of our financial sanctions through Iraqi financial institu-tions.” But he added that “we will pursue, and are actively pursuing, efforts to prevent Iran from evading U.S. or in-ternational financial sanctions, in Iraq or anywhere else.”
Some current and former U.S. and Iraqi officials and banking and oil experts, how-ever, say that Iraqi govern-ment officials are turning a blind eye to the large financial flows, smuggling and other trade with Iran. In some cas-es, they say, government offi-cials, including some close to al-Maliki, are directly profit-ing from the activities.
Trade between Iraq and Iran, which fought a costly war from 1980 to 1988, has been growing rapidly ever since the U.S.-led invasion that toppled Saddam Hussein, and it is now estimated to be as high as $11 billion a year.
Among other openly acknowl-edged forms of trade, Iraq has contracts to buy large amounts of electrical power from Iran.
U.S.: Iraqis helping Iran skirt sanctions
By James Risen and Duraid AdnanThe New York Times
KABUL, Afghanistan — With U.S. and European sanc-tions spurring a currency crisis in Iran, officials say a growing number of Iranians are packing trucks with devalued rials and heading to the freewheeling currency market next door in U.S.-occupied Afghanistan, to trade for dollars.
The rial has lost more than half its value against the dollar, and cross-border bank transfers and cur-rency exchanges have become difficult, as sanctions have slashed Iran’s vital oil revenue and cut the country off from international financial markets. Iranian businesses and indi-viduals are desperate to avoid further losses, by converting their money and moving it out for safekeeping. At the same time, the government is trying to find alternate ways to bring in hard currency.
THE NEW YORK TIMES
Afghans trade for Iranian currency
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SIOUX FALLS, S.D. — It’s advertised as a one-of-a-kind deal: Nearly 2,000 acres of prime real estate nestled in the Black Hills of South Dakota for sale to the highest bidder.
But the offer to sell the land near Mount Rushmore and historic Deadwood has distressed Native American tribes who consider it a sa-cred site. Although the land has been privately owned, members of the Great Sioux Nation — known as Lakota, Dakota and Nakota — have been allowed to gather there each year to perform ceremo-nial rituals they believe are necessary for harmony, health and well-being.
Members now fear that if the property they call Pe’ Sla is sold, it will be developed and they will lose access. The South Dakota Department of Transportation and the Fed-eral Highway Administration are studying the possibility of paving one of the main roads that divides the land, a fact mentioned in the advertise-ment touting its development potential.
The tribes have banded to-gether to try to raise money to buy back as much of the land as they can. But with a week to go until the Aug. 25 auction, they have only about $110,000 committed for prop-
erty they believe will sell for $6 million to $10 million.
“A lot of our people who practice our way of life go there to pray and there are a lot of us that go up there,” said Rodney Bordeaux, president of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe, which is leading the effort.
The area is the only sa-cred site currently on private land outside Sioux control. The tribes believe the Sioux people were created from the Black Hills, and part of their spiritual tradition says Pe’ Sla is where the Morning Star fell to earth, killing a great bird that had killed seven women. The Morning Star placed the souls of the women into the night sky as “The Seven Sisters,” also known as the Pleiades constellation.
The land — 1,942 acres of pristine prairie grass — is owned by Leonard and Mar-garet Reynolds, who would not comment on the sale. Chase Iron Eyes, a member of the Standing Rock Sioux
Tribe, said they should be commended for how well they have preserved the land and for giving the tribes access. The auction house also would not comment on the sale.
Raising money to buy the land is a monumental and controversial undertaking for the Sioux tribes. An 1868 treaty set aside the Black Hills and other land for the Sioux, but Congress passed a law in 1877 seizing the land fol-lowing the discovery of gold in western South Dakota. A 1980 U.S. Supreme Court rul-ing awarded more than $100 million to the Sioux tribes for the Black Hills, but the tribes have refused to accept the money, saying the land has never been for sale.
“There are a lot of our peo-ple that absolutely 100 percent do not agree with paying any money for land that we con-sider still ours, but the reality is we sometimes are forced to fight with the rules of the United States,” Iron Eyes said.
SIOUX TRIBES UPSET OVER AUCTION OF SACRED SITE IN SOUTH DAKOTADARK DAY IN BLACK HILLS
By Kristi EatonAssociated Press
Nearly 2,000 acres of the Reynolds Prairie in the Black Hills of South Dakota is up for auc-tion.
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