NASA TECHNICAL NASA TM X-
50
NASA TECHNICAL NASA TM X- 72648 MEMORAND UM COPY NO. (NASA-TM-X-72648) AN AUTOMATED PROGRAM FOR N75-17758 REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR OPENINGS IN CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE VESSELS (NASA) 48 p HC $3.75 CSCL 20K Unclas G3/39 11082 AN AUTOMATED PROGRAM FOR REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR OPENINGS IN CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE VESSELS By John F. Wilson and John T. Taylor January 1975 This informal documentation medium is used to provide accelerated or special release of technical information to selected users. The contents may not meet NASA formal editing and publication standards, may be re- vised, or may be incorporated in another publication. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER, HAMPTON, VIRGINIA 23665
Transcript of NASA TECHNICAL NASA TM X-
NASA TECHNICAL NASA TM X- 72648
MEMORAND UM COPY NO.
(NASA-TM-X-72648) AN AUTOMATED PROGRAM FOR N75-17758
REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR OPENINGS IN
CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE VESSELS (NASA) 48 p HC$3.75 CSCL 20K Unclas
G3/39 11082
AN AUTOMATED PROGRAM FOR REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS
FOR OPENINGS IN CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE VESSELS
By
John F. Wilson and John T. Taylor
January 1975
This informal documentation medium is used to provide accelerated orspecial release of technical information to selected users. The contentsmay not meet NASA formal editing and publication standards, may be re-vised, or may be incorporated in another publication.
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER, HAMPTON, VIRGINIA 23665
i. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No.
TMX 726484. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date
An Automated Program for Reinforcement January 1975Requirements for Openings in Cylindrical 6. PerformingOrganizatioonCodePressure Vessels
7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No.
John F. Wilson and John T. Taylor10. Work Unit No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 11. Contract or Grant No.Langley Research CenterHampton, VA 23665
13. Type of Report and Period Covered
12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Technical MemorandumNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationWashington, DC 20546 14. Sponsoring Agency Code
15. Supplementary Notes
Programmed for use on Hewlett-Packard 9810A Calculator
16. Abstract
This paper describes an automated "interactive" program for calculat-ing the reinforcement requirements for openings in cylindricalpressure vessels subjected to internal pressure. The equations arefrom the 1974 edition of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,Section VIII, Division I. The program is written for an electronicdesk top calculator. The program calculates the required area ofreinforcement for a given opening and compares this value with thearea of reinforcement provided by a proposed design.
Al program steps, operating instructions, and example problemswith input and sample output are documented.
17. Key Words (Suggested by Author(s)) (STAR category underlined) 18. Distribution Statement
4utomated Design (Interactive)Penetration3peningsressure Vessel Unclassified - UnlimitedReinforcement19. Security Cassif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price"
Unclassified Unclassified 48 1 $3-75(The National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22151
'Available fromISTIF/NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility. P.O. Box 33, College Park. MD 20740
AN AUTOMATED PROGRAM FOR REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS
FOR OPENINGS IN CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE VESSELS
By
John F. Wilson and John T. Taylor
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Summary 1
Description 2
Notation - Symbols and Definitions 3
Fig. 1 -'Geometry of Reinforced Opening 7
Numerical Examples and Calculator Printout
Example 1 - Nonreinforced 8
Example 2 - Pad Reinforced 10
Example 3 - Integral Nozzle 13
Program Variable - Storage Locations 16
Flow Diagram 17
Computer Program
Control Card 25
Tape 1 - File 0 25
Tape 1 - File 1 34
Operating Hints 45
Concluding Remarks 47
References 47
AN AUTOMATED PROGRAM FOR REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS
FOR OPENINGS IN CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE VESSELS
By
John F. Wilson and John T. Taylor
NASA
LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER
HAMPTON, VIRGINIA
SUMMARY
This paper presents an interactive, automated designsolutibn for reinforcement requirements for openings in
pressure vessels using the methods in the 1974 edition of
the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII,Division I, Paragraph UG 36 - UG 41, pages 28 - 34 and
Paragraph UA 280, pages 353 - 361 (reference 1). The
design equations used in this program are restricted to
cylindrical vessels under internal pressure designed in
accordance with Paragraph UG 27.
The program allows for the determination of reinforcement
requirements for a given opening. It considers the
contribution of metal in the shell and nozzle not needed
to restrain pressure, an inner projection of a nozzle,weld metal, and inside and outside reinforcing pads.
Only metal inside the limits of reinforcement is
considered. It is the responsibility of the designer to
insure use of code materials, allowable stresses, designconfigurations, welding techniques, and specialrequirements.
The program (approximately 3500 program steps and 41storage registers) was written for use with aHewlett-Packard Model'9810A Calculator and 9865A Cassette
Memory (reference 2). For users not having CassetteMemory, instructions are provided for using just thecalculator.
2
DESCRIPTION
This program was written, utilizing the design equations
of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, SectionVIII, Division I, (Paragraphs UG-36 - UG-41 and UA-280),to calculate the area of reinforcement required for anopening in a cylindrical pressure vessel under internalpressure. The area of reinforcement required is comparedto the area of reinforcement provided by the proposedconfiguration. The program considers the following asavailable reinforcement: metal in the shell and nozzlenot needed to restrain pressure, weld metal, an innerprojection of a nozzle, and reinforcing pads. Only metalwithin the limits of reinforcement is considered.
The program is designed to be interactive with theuser and it interrogates the user for the required inputinformation. The user has the responsibility to insurethat all input information conforms to code requirements.To operate'the program, a proposed opening configurationis assumed. The required area of reinforcement is thencalculated and compared with that available (assuming noreinforcing pads). If the reinforcement is sufficient,the program is terminated. If more reinforcement isrequired, the program asks for information on padconfiguration(s) and updates metal available forreinforcement. If sufficient reinforcement is notprovided by the proposed pad configuration(s), theprogram will ask for new pad configuration(s). Thisprocess will be repeated until the reinforcementrequirements are met. The program is terminated whensufficient reinforcement is provided. However, if thearea of reinforcement provided is greater than the arearequired, the user may optimize his design by executingan option to select new reinforcing pad configuration(s).
The program is limited only by conditions imposed by theCode.
To aid the individual in using this program, three itemsare included. First, a diagram for the programcalculation flow including equations and major decisionpoints is shown on pp. 17-24. Second, the computerstorage location of the program variables is presentatedon p. 16. Third, the complete source documentation forthe computer program is listed on pp. 25-44.
AN AUTOMATED PROGRAM FOR REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS
FOR OPENINGS IN CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE VESSELS
NOTATION SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS
ALL SYMBOLS ARE SHOWN IN THE ORDER THEY APPEAR IN THE PROGRAM
The definitions and figures that are referred to as UG-, UR-,
and UW- are those given in the 1974 ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division I (Reference 1).
P = design pressure, pounds ES = joint efficiency for, orper square inch (seeUG-21), (or maximum the efficiency of,
allowable working appropriate joint inpressure or existing cylindrical shells andvessels see UG-98) any joint in spherical
shells, or the
RS = inside radius of the efficiency of ligamentsshell course under between openingsconsideration, before whichever is less:corrosion allowance is For welded vessels, useadded, inches the efficiency specified
added, inches in UW-12.For riveted joints, use
RN = inside radius of the the efficiency specifiednozzle course under in UR-15.consideration, before For ligaments betweencorrosion allowance is openings, use theadded, inches efficiency calculated'
by the rules given inSS = maximum allowable UG-53.
stress value for theshell material, pounds El = 1 when an opening is inper square inch (see the plate or when theapplicable table of opening passes throughstress values in a circumferential jointSubsection C) in a shell or cone
(exclusive of head-to-SN = maximum allowable shell joints); or
stress value for thenozzle material, pounds El the joint efficiencyper square inch (see obtained from Tableapplicable table of UW-12 when any part ofstress values in the opening passesSubsection C) through any other
welded joint.
TR = minimum required T = nominal thickness
thickness of of the vessel wall,
seamless shell less corrosion
plates, exclusive allowance, inches
of corrosionallowance (see TN = nominal thickness of
UG-25), inches nozzle wall, lesscorrosion allowance,
TRN = minimum required inches
thickness ofseamless nozzle Al = metal in the vessel
plates, exclusive wall over and above the
of corrosion thickness required to
allowance (see resist pressure and the
UG-25), inches thickness specified as
corrosion allowance,
F = a correction square inches
factor which
compensates for A2 = metal, in that part
the variation in of a nozzle wall
pressure extending outside the vessel
stresses on wall, over and above the
different thickness required to resist
planes with pressure and the thickness
respect to specified as corrosion
the axis of a allowance, square inches
vessel. A valueof 1.00 shall be TL = the limits of
used for all reinforcement measured
configurations normal to the vessel
except that Fig. wall, conforming to the
UG-37 may be contour of the surface,
used for inches
integrallyreinforced open- H = inner nozzle
ings in cylindrical projection, inches
shells and conesA3 = all metal in the nozzle
RO = the radius in the wall extending inside
given plane of the the vessel wall, square
finished opening inches
in its corrodedcondition, inches Wl = length of attachment
weld leg, see geometry
A(REQD) = the total cross- (Fig. 1, p. 7) for
sectional area location, Inchesof reinforcementrequired in any W2 = length of attachmentgiven plane for weld leg, see geometrya vessel under (Fig. 1, p. 7) for
internal pressure, location, inchessquare inches
5
A4 = metal in TE(INSIDE) = thickness of
attachment attached inside
welds (W1 g reinforcing padW2) available or height of the
for reinforce- largest 60-deg
ment, square right triangleinches supported by the
vessel and
AS = total metal nozzle outside
available for diameter pro-reinforcement jected surfaces
for an opening and lying com-without pletely within
reinforcement the area of
pads, square integral rein-
inches forcement, inches(see Fig. UG-40)
SP = maximum allow- (see Operating Hints
able stress and Example 3, p. 13)
value for padmaterial, DL = the limits of
pounds per reinforcement
square inch measured parellel
(see applicable to the vessel wall
table of stress on each side of
values in Sub- the axis of the
section C) opening, inches
TE(OUTSIDE)= thickness of TL(OUTSIDE)= the limits of
attached out- reinforcementside reinforcing outside the
pad or height vessel wallof the largest and measured
60-deg right normal to the
triangle sup- vessel wall
ported by the conforming to the
vessel and contour of the
nozzle outside surface, inchesdiameter pro-jected surfaces, TL(INSIDE) = the limits of
inches (see reinforcementFig. UG-40) inside the vessel
(See Operating Hints wall and measured
and Example 3, p. 13) normal to thevessel wall con-forming to the con-tour of the surface,inches
6
A3* = A3 recomputed usingnew limits, squareinches
DP(OUTSIDE)= diameter of out-side reinforcingpad, inches
DP(INSIDE) = diameter ofinside reinforcingpad, inches
A5(OUTSIDE)= metal in the outsidereinforcing pad avail-able for reinforcement,square inches
A5(INSIDE) = metal in the insidereinforcing pad avail-able for reinforcement,square inches
W3 = length of attachmentweld leg, see geometry(Fig. 1, p. 7) torlocation, inches
W4 = length of attachmentweld leg, see geometry.(Fig. 1, p. 7) forlocation, inches
A4* = metal in attachmentwelds (Wl+W2+W3+W4)available forreinforcement, squareinches
A2* = A2 recomputed consideringreinforcing pad, squareinches
A(SUM) = total metal availablefor reinforcement foran opening usingreinforcement pads,square inches
DL (OUTSIDE) II ----DP (OUTSIDE) 1
I - - IOPENING
1 TRN - +-
SW1TL (OUTSIDE)
W3 -1
T TR i WELD LEG i' , A(REQD)
I TE (INSIDE)
12 RN t-H TL (INSIDE)- - ----A .
RS - D I ,
DP (INSIDE) I
I DL (INSIDE)
CYLINDRICAL VESSEL
FIG. 1 - GEOMETRY OF REINFORCED OPENING
(See Reference 1 for Allowable Weld Details)
8
EXAMPLE 1
A 5 in. I.D., 3/4 in. wall, nozzle conforming toSpecification SA-181, Grade I, is attached by welding to avessel that has an inside diameter of 40 in. and a shellthickness of 1/2 in. The nozzle projects into the vessel 3in. The vessel material conforms to Specification SA-285,Grade C. The vessel is designed for a pressure of 250 lbs.per sq. in. and 1500F. There is no allowance for corrosion.There will be no radiographic examination of welds. Theopening passes through a circumferential joint in the shell.Check the opening for reinforcement requirements.
4 .5,00" Dia. p,/ .75"
- 6.50" Dia.
.38"
.50'
T.38" 3.00"
P = 250 lbs. per sq. in.RS = 20 in.RN = 2.5 in.SS = 13,700 lbs. per sq. in.SN = 15,000 lbs. per sq. in.ES = 0.70El = 1.0F = 1.0RO = 2.5 in.T = 0.500 in.TN = 0.75 in.H = 3.0 in.W1 = 0.375 in.W2 = 0.0 in.
EXAMPLE 1 PRINTOUT
("1 ".1 ,T i ,,
r . I I I. ::
F l .I L E:
E 1l1 . 9IP : ! E"i ] i CI ... I . ..
II ,
' I::I:' I , A ... : .L t ,
F " E .I . F I "I
.. ...... , R R E i I. F1r'I. C I"I E A T
F
" . D AI I : :1. I:
..I I::.H AT_: i_. iiS .F F," R ; E I f." F 0 F. [:: ill lEJ-1 T"4 T
S. i...i I I I. I.I ' iF .IH: " F E
I l l T I I ."i iF:I 1:: E " .. 1
Ci .I:H T i: .:...... "R: .
F' I NT E R F I I F i.. I I.: F:::
]. . ... .0..
i'FII E 1FGi ' L I lI
' i : .:::!! E F l: I ., : -t
l' 4:- ::ET 4- TL:
A.: ': . :1 I .. .. IP. I 1 .IE1 . 1
.l.~..1 '' HELL~ F lLt;L PAGF s
i I ; T I .. I I PO FQUAI..
10EXAMPLE 2
A 5 in. I.D., 1/8 in. wall nozzle conforming to
Specifications SA-181, Grade 1, is attached by welding to avessel that has an inside diameter of 40 in. and a shell
thickness of 7/16 in. The shell material conforms to
Specification SA-285, Grade C. Spot examination
requirements of UW-52 are to be met. The opening passes
through a longitudinal seam of the vessel. .The opening is
to be reinforced on the outside of the vess.el with an 8 in.
diameter x 1/2 in. thick reinforcing pad and on the inside
by a 12 in. diameter x 3/8 in. thick reinforcing pad. The
material for both pads conforms to SA-283, Grade A. The
vessel is designed for a pressure of 250 lbs. sq. in. and
400 0 F. There is no allowance for corrosion. Check the
opening for reinforcement requirements.
5.00" Dia.-
5,25" Dia.
.38'- 8.00" Dia.
,3811.50"
.38".25 12.00" Dia.
P = 250 lbs. per sq. in. W1 = 0.375 in.RS = 20 in. W2 = 0.0 in.
RN = 2.5 in. SP = 10,300 lbs. per sq. in.SS = 13,700 lbs. per sq. in. TE(OUTSIDE)= 1/2 in.SN = 15,000 lbs. per sq. in. TE(INSIDE) = 3/8 in.ES = 0.85 DP(OUTSIDE)= 8.0 in.El = 0.85 DP(INSIDE) = 12.0 in.F = 1.0- W1 = 0.375 in.
RO = 2.5 in. W2 = 0.0 in.T = 0.438 in. W3 = 0.375 in.TN = 0.125 in. W4 = 0.250 in.H = 0.0 in.
EXAMPLE 2 PRINTOUT
I: I F C E E T S N R IL SHELLF ..I., F:L I .... 1... 1. I 1
CYli .:: 1IL 1.. 0 .4380PRESSURE SHE L .... II . FI I N..i. Z I!:2 LE
1:S E CODE f0. 250
'.. ,,T , :. E:! :V 1 L I .L L I A F IL
FOR E l: IE F .1 F- F: R: i' E l "TI1TE .0165II.. iT IIME SIONS HOZo Wt.ILLF A *FlL.
I T1E CORRO'. IE.IS FOR REI I.FORCMENTL. E i!"i1 T f.T1N L "2=
0.0125P RESSRE INFORCEMENT
2 .I 0I f-'CE-1R FF:l..J.E CT"I 3ION1-
P1- 1R i r L. i iA AFfIEDT'ij i[T IN [LI[ITS NORMA F F L TO
2I' I E U R E VESSEL I.. .L L
fF 1... 1 bJ F1 E: I. E F Ei:LI.: LEH
TL=
, 0 0I0H ER PR LECT GI.:;
FI :2 ::: I E E. C. . PS , L. E
0. 250 010 00
SH ELL AI) (IHE - =
2 . ' 0 i E- L D A A AFI I L A L. ERE, NU I LET REINFORCED :ENT
:lii.. IiA B LE SHELL Fri .'IF
STRE1 APSI A + =2!A'3 -iA4 :1
LENGTH i.,'EL . LErS
F I .L 0 . Bi LE N*Z' LL 4E
TRESS1PSI = i,.1 0=2
:i. i:: 0 R 9 F:' A ( :RE5.
0. 8500JOIIT EFFICIENC FOiR REINFORCMENT
El (SEE 1G -40)= =
SE I I:! 1 F: E SE MLESSFAiR E A1 G F: E A "FE R
111 :S l...;. T1 E : 1. P iNESS=
. P '' i.A .I . .i C L
i D.l 1: 1" :. L. [.1T EI-i L
1, 1.-1 :1' R I EG! REINFORCED
FI: E R,, ... : I RE I) R E :! IiA: 'RE Q4 ::::
I.8450
12
EXAMPLE 2 PRINTOUT
.LD LEG LEGTHS:: :: 1, 75.
IN :I N Fi , 0.",:S 1 F i":: C i H F. F :: i i :::::0 .3 7 5
L.I'4 E K S : " -:::::
...E ('A T LE W4=0. 50 ii 0 i0. 2500*
TE : A I DE0. 37 5 0 L1.1 T .: E L: INIT
FR I I iFO( !(: E .. T :C I E1. E
E.L.: DI I F!LFi: LEF'ARAL LEL (DT() F::: R E I - F 0 R C:: I E N T
Ei.,.-.: . R',,'LL L E E. ... i0 . ,2 8 1
A .Li FI .L 2 -=
T l l T S ID E 0. 13: 47
Si. :.. .. + F:I '::.(A + A2A 4 +0. ,. 5 ,UT' +Fi5 "1T I A 5=
2. 8054li 1ER P P ! ....IE ;.:: .. - 1i R E j =,
.IL B 45 C.4iRE FORCEMET T FFI : E I T
Si F I HIi FiF 1 : : 1 'I
i: 1 I'F 1 I E I 1T E
?E S I GH E". F! N A'[-'
F"j f1 1 r E; T R I F. I I E NT0.0 l:Jl0 IF E F CEME TDI F . " 1 VI ID E jG : S 1
i I I..T S 13 T E E ) =
iE i' )i :::E;T I I E Y T1 3PAR . '. E T E R S• Ii .T H . : K'I ] .. .I ., i:: . T O EIE , .: .-, T-
L . .. ... .F i i, Ti 2:: ]] i:::RESS C i T)
13
EXAMPLE 3
A 10 in. I.D. weld neck, 1 in. wall, conforming to Specification
SA-181, Grade I, is attached by welding to a vessel that has an
inside diameter of 50 in. and a shell thickness of 1-1/2 in. The
shell material conforms to Specification SA-285, Grade C. The
vessel is to be designed for 500 lbs. per sq. in. and 8000F. An
allowance of 1/16 in. for corrosion is to be included in the
shell and nozzle thickness. Main seams in the vessel are to be
radiographed. The opening does not pass through a main seam.
Check the opening for reinforcement requirements.
--06" Corrosion Allowance
1 i0.00" Dia. 0
10.13" Dia.
12.00" Dia. 0 .75"
17.00" Dia.
1.44" 3.25"1.75"
1.50"
.06" Corrosion Allowance
P = 500 ibs. per sq. in. H = 0.0 in.RS = 25.062 in. W1 = 0.75 in.RN = 5.062 in. SP = 10,800 ibs. per sq. in.
SS = 10,200 Ibs. per sq. in. TE(OUTSIDE) = 2.500 in. (see Note 1)SN = 10,800 lbs. per sq. in. TE(INSIDE) = 0.0 in.
ES = 1.0 DP(OUTSIDE) = 17.0 in.
El = 1.0 DP(INSIDE) = 0.0 in.
F = 1.0 W1 = 0.0 in.
RO = 5.062 in. W2 = 0.0 in.
T = 1.50-.062 = 1.438 in. W3 = 0.75 in.
TN = 1.00-.062 = 0.938 in W4 = 0.0 in.
Note 1
TAN 0 = [(17.00-12.00).5]/3.25 = 0.769
0 = 37.570,
Since 37.570>300 [ref UG-40(d)]
TE = 3.25 in.
This value (TE=3.25) is used in calculating A2. However, theaverage height of the reinforcing element (TE=(3.25+1.75).5 = 2.500) isused in calculating A5. Since the program uses TE for both-calculations, it is suggested that the average value be used.This results in slightly conservative answers for A2.
EXAMPLE 3 PRINTOUT
14: "'i .. I. ." E I...: i...F 0 RF 1,.IlT:::i L Eh : I". =4
F :, l h I.... I.... H " H : .:l L.. I".I r :::L. ::. I . 4 3 8 0 +....i............ .11 Z Z L E..E .IE:IE,.. , :TI !' .!: ..L..-
.ME C E:3 0 9380i J: . I [ 1. iLL 1. .I ' I.... ,'FI A I I ...
A 13F-c !C.: F.. F E : 1 .. F:' C r1E I.T i
FI 2=::3 2687
: ', " E: :1 I.IIL .r ..1... I R :::: l 1 ,'E: I T
PRESSU . RE: E: I.E Lt 1I L I...
I5 0
i i. .1 .. I. 1 'l1 I 0 . 000
BI 1. I I F .I EF : TL I 3:=
L 2 7L. 50E
C, .7 5.. 00
0FS H E LL... E 8: :: 0. 00001 .0 10 13 i L AFi....l BI L.E
.: . IIn C, : i: F.. I IF Fi: C t1 R EI I
1. 0 0 1: 0.5625
... . . .: ][. i. F : E A R E AF. KH
i E.. " i I' I '-IDE D00. 2 10 A + R +A2+Fl3F -i. A:1
1i O .I-' (D LD A"HI.I 5.. 575toF Q TO R : :E[
.:I,!; I. ' i: .! I:::: 1 i.i E, I'Fi .C E.4 II Iq AI(
F 'E I I I :: : I' I -I F : C I::: G
.I::; :: .i:.. I: :: : !:: 4::: 10 E:'.!1 ::!; 1.
iFt.ill F H.: " .... ...I"E I.:"I.: RE A
4 E .1 N, F RC !
15
'EXAMPLE 3 PRINTOUT
WEi... I. ...EG LEWlGTH
FA I .I... I'F.I L A E: PfI Dl i .-1 .
4 i. 1 0 . I 2Jl "0)i' 0. 00 00*i i *REI11FORCING P I 3:::::THICKNESS 0.7500*TE: OU...TSI DE = W 4 =
2.5000i 0. E0 0*TE IE E I F =
0.E00 1WA ELI RVI LABLE
R E 1F O! C' E 11 E.,.FOR RE NFORC ENTREiiNFOREET i4 =LIMI;TS 0.5625
0 , Ai.,.ALL RV-' ILPi iRFILLEL TO FOR R E I FORC ENT
E.SEL I., FILL : F2 =DL= 5.0111
20 2480 (SUM) =[ORM'!RL TO VESSEL (Ri+F2 +l3+F4*+.FI L.L 5 , UT 1+F5 ( : ) =
T L ( T S IE : 19.81743.5950 .F (FREQI) :i
TL INSIIE)= 12. E14"iL .. . . :: E 1 452. :3 45 SUFF IC IEHT
F: E I II F OR CI NGI:NER PRO:'.JECT I0-1
FIR I LA B LE FORREIN FOFR:CEMENT
,* U .I1 IF RE I4NFORCEENT0 .000 F R E : i I H Ff ! I- E: M E T
:If PNETI'ER OF IS TOO GRE TREI- 111-ORC G PFI TIES IGNER PFI
P OUTSI)= OPT I MIZE EBYS 7. E 00 0 'F'RY' I 'NG PF1D1: (Si)P INSIDE)= PRFETERS
F : 0 IUTS RN E T E R:. =
12 5000 0 E:: I SE TINSIDE:= TO E::::ERCISE OPT N
0. 0010 PRESS (CO T)
UP4MJ
16
REINFORCEMENT FOR PRESSURE SHELL PENETRATION PROGRAM
STORAGE LOCATIONS
REGISTER VARIABLE REGISTER VARIABLE
a Not Used 23 W1
b Not Used 24 W2
00 P 25 W3
01 RS 26 W4
02 RN 27 A4 or A4*
03 SS 28 AS(SUM)
04 SN 29 Not Used
05 ES' 30 TE(INSIDE)
06 TR using ES' 31 Not Used
07 TR1 (El=l) 32 Not Used
08 TRN (E=1) 33 RATIO
09 D 34 Not Used
10 F 35 TL(INSIDE)
11 A(REQ'D) 36 Not Used
12 T 37 DP(0OUTSIDE)
13 TN 38 DP(INSIDE)
14 TE(OUTSIDE) 39 A5(OUTSIDE)
15 DL 40 AS(INSIDE)
16 TL(OUTSIDE) 41 (TN-TRN)(T)(5)
17 El 42 (TN-TRN)
18 temporary 43 (TN-TRN)(2.5 TN+TE(O))(2)
19 Al 44 (TN-TRN)(2.5 TN+TE(I))(2)20 A2 45 A2 from comparison21 H X46 Not Used22 A3 or A3*
17
FLOW DIAGRAMAN AUTOMATED PROGRAM FOR REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS
FOR OPENINGS FOR CYLIODRICAL PRESSURE VESSELS
INPUT CONTROL CARD
NOTE:CALL FILE 0 TRUE
1. FALSEHEADING FALSE
ARROWS OR LINESEXTENDING OFF THE
NOTESI PAGE INDICATES ACONTINUATION TO, ORFROM, THE FOLLOWING
INPUT & STORE PAGE.P
.RSRNSS
E5 . > ES
NOTE:
PR CALCULATE & STORET SEAMLESS TR
S-.6P SEAMLESS TRN
ES'
CALCULATE & STOR M - INPUT & STORE L
NOTE:
INPUT RADIUS OFTR1 = PRS OPENING IN
TS (SS- GIVEN PLANE
OTE: CALCULA E & STORE'I .. AREA OF REQUIRED
2.RO)(TR)F REINFORCEMENT
A(REQ'D,) .
S INPUT & STORESHELL WALL T
NOZZLE WALL TN
CALCULATE & STORESHELL WALL AVAILABLE NOTE:.
FOR REINFORCEMENT
T Al' [E1(T)-F(TR)]2(Ro)Al > Al' Al 2(EI(T)-F(TR))(T+TN)
Al
Al All
CALCULATE & STORE ?'0/#%$*?%*@/-$NOZZLE WALL AVAILABLE IMPROPER DESIGN
FOR REINFORCEMENT SHELL (IF Al =. -)AND/OR \
A2 A2' NOZZLE (IF A2 = -)
A22 T A
A2
NOTE:
A2 = (TN-TRN)5T CALCULATE & STOREI REINFORCEMENTA2 =(TN-TRN) (5TN+2TE LIMITS NORMAL
TO VESSEL WALL
2.5 TN-- a 2.5 T
, TL
INPUT INNE PROJECTION
19
TL-H
H GR EATER TLSET H = TL
NOTE:CALCULATE & STOREINNER PROJECTION A3 =2H(TN)
AVAILABLE FOR REINFORCEMENTA3.
INPUT & STORELENGTH OF WELD LEGS
W1W2
NOTE:CALCULATE & STORE
WELD AVAILABLE FOR A4 2 (W12 2+REINFORCEMENT
A4
CALCULATE & STOREREINFORCED AREA PROVIDED
AS(A1+A2+A3+A4)
A(REQ'D) As
IL FILE 1 SUFFICIENT REINFORCING
PROGRAM STOP
20
REQUIRED REINFORCED AREAGREATER THAN AVAILABLE AREA
ADDITIONAL REINFORCING REQUIRED
INPUT ALLOWABLE PAD STRESS
INPUT & STOREREINFORCING PAD THICKNESS
TE (OUTSIDE)TE (INSIDE)
REINFORCEMENT LIMITS
i CALCULAJE & STOREPARALLEL TO VESSEL WALL
2(RO+T+TN) 4
CALCULATE & STORENORMAL TO VESSEL WALL
2.5 T +TE(O S 2. T
TL (OUTSIDE)
21
CALCULATE & STORENORMAL TO VESSEL WALL
2.5 TN+TE(I) 4 2.5 T
I ,1TL (INSIDE)
TL (OUTSIDE ~ > TE (OUTSIDE)
TE (OUTSIDE) GREATER THANTL (OUTSIDE) SET TL = TE
STORE TE(O) I AND STORE TL
TL (INSIDE) SET TL = TESTORE TE (I) AND STORE
TL (INSIDE H
H GREATER THAN TL (INSIDE)SET H = TL
CALCULATE & STORE NOTE:NNER PROJECTION AVAILABLE 3 = H(TN)(2)
FOR REINFORCEMENTA3* 4
22
INPUT & STOREREINFORCING PAD DIAMETERS
DP (OUTSIDE)DP (INSIDE)
DL S DF DP OUTSIDE)
DP (OUTSIDE) GREATER THAN DL (OUTSIDE)STORE DP SET DP = DL & STORE
DL DP (INSIDE)
DP (INSIDE) GREATER THAN DL (INSIDE)STORE DP I SET DP = DL & STORE
NOTE:CALCULATE & STOREA5 (OUTSIDE) A5 - (DP-2(RO)-2(TN))(TE)(RATIOA5 (INSIDE)
INPUT & STOREWELD LEG LENGTHS
W1
W2
W3
W4
Q23TL (OUTSIDE- < TE (OUTSIDE)--
WI OUTSIDE LIMIT OFREINFORCEMENT (NOT CONSIDERED)
STORE W1 = 0
TL INSIDE) - TE (INSIDE)
W2 OUTSIDE LIMIT OFREINFORCEMENT (NOT CONSIDERED)
STORE W2 = 0
DL > DP (OUTSIDE)-
W3 OUTSIDE LIMIT OFREINFORCEMENT (NOT CONSIDERED)
STORE W3 = 0
DL )DP (-INSIDE)
W4 OUTSIDE LIMIT OFREINFORCEMENT (NOT CONSIDERED)
STORE W4 = 0
CALCULATE & STORE WELD NAVAILABLE FOR REINFORCEMENT A4* .5(W12+W22+W32+W4)2
A4*
24
NOZZLE WALL AVAILABLE NOTE:FOR REINFORCEMENT
A2* - (TN-TRN)5T
AA2* - (TN-TRN)(5TN+2TE(O)
A2*
CALCULATE & PRINTA(SUM) =
A1+A2*+A3*+A4*+A5 (OUTSIDE) + A5 (INSIDE)
A(REQ'D) A(SUM)
SUFFICIENTREINFORCEMENT
IF REINFORCEMENT IS TOOGREAT DESIGII MAYWTMtIZr 8Y VARYINGPAD(S) PARAMETERS
TO EXERCISE OPTW PRESS(CONT)
TAPE 1 - FILE 0 25
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45
OPERATING HINTS
TE is defined as the thickness of an attached reinforcing pad
or height of the largest 60-deg right triangle supported by
the vessel and nozzle outside diameter projected surfaces and
lying completely within the area of integral reinforcement
(see Fig UG-40 ref. 1). When calculating A2 (area of the
nozzle wall available) for integral reinforcement, TE is
defined by a configuration such as UG-40 (d) (ref. 1). In
calculating A5 (metal in pad(s) available for reinforcement),TE is defined as the average height of the reinforcing pad
(see example 4 p. 395 ref. 1). Since the program uses the
same value of TE to calculate both A2 and A5, it is
recommended that the smaller value be used for TE. This.will
result in a slightly conservative answer for A2 (See Example
3).
If the reinforcing pad is smaller than the reinforcement
limits, the total weld area (even though some may be outside
the limit) will be considered for reinforcement by the
program.
This program was written to utilize the Hewlett-Packard 9865A
Tape Cassette in conjunction with the 9810A Electronic
Calculator. For users not having a tape cassette, the program
may be run using magnetic cards by performing the followingoperations:
a. Place program from Tape 1 - File 0 (see p. 25) in
calculator.
b. Go to step 1600 of Tape 1-File 0 (shown on page 34)
and rewrite the program as shown on the card tape
(page 46).
c. With program in the calculator, start at step 0020and record on a 10-1/2 inch magnetic card and label
the card "#1".
d. Place program from Tape 1 - File 1 (see pages 34-44)
in calculator.
e. Start at step 0020 and record on a 10-1/2 inch
magnetic card and label card "#2".
These two cards are now sufficient to run the program. To
run, load card "#1" in calculator starting at step 0000 and
press END, CONT. Program will run as with tape considering no
reinforcing pads. If reinforcement is not sufficient, program
will stop and print the following message: LOAD CARD "#2".
User must press LOAD and insert card "#2" into calculator to
consider reinforcement pads. After.loading card "#2" press
END, CONT. and proceed. An option is still prdyided.. tooptimize the reinforcement supplied.
46
TAPE TO CARD CONVERSION
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ORiE1NM PAGE 10 poOR QUALMI
47
CONCLUDING REMARKS
This computer-aided-design program presents an "interactive"
procedure for the engineer, utilizing an electronic desk topcalculator, to obtain reinforcement requirements for an
opening in a cylindrical pressure vessel subject to internal
pressure. The area of reinforcement required for an openingis calculated and compared with the area of reinforcement
provided by a proposed design. The program considers asreinforcement: metal in the shell and nozzle not needed torestrain pressure, an inner projection of a nozzle, weldmetal, and reinforcing pad(s). The design equations utilizedin the program are from reference 1.
The program is written for a Hewlett-Packard Model 9810A
Calculator with cassette memory. The necessary programmodifications are provided to run the program from magneticcards.
The program can be modified for a spherical shell underinternal pressure by changing the design equations for shellthickness.
REFERENCES
1. American Society of Mechanical Engineers: Boiler andPressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division I,1974 Edition.
2. Hewlett-Packard 9810A "Programming," "PrinterAlpha ROM," "Mathematics Block," and "Cassette Memory"Calculator Operating Manuals, 1972.
