NASA and Carbon Management - LCLUC Program...22 NASA Land-Cover and Land-Use Change Science Team...
Transcript of NASA and Carbon Management - LCLUC Program...22 NASA Land-Cover and Land-Use Change Science Team...
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NASA Land-Cover and Land-Use ChangeScience Team Meeting
NASA and Carbon Management
Ed SheffnerEarth Science Division
April 11, 2006
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NASA Organization
Four Mission Directorates:1. Aeronautics2. Exploration Systems3. Space Operations4. Science
a. Earth Science– Research– Applied Sciences
b. Helio Physicsc. Solar Systemd. Universe
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NASA Strategic Goals*
1. Fly the Shuttle as safely as possible until its retirement, notlater than 2010.
2. Complete the International Space Station in a manner consistent with NASA’s international partner commitments and the need of human exploration.
3. Develop a balanced overall program of science, exploration, and aeronautics consistent with the redirection of the human spaceflight program to focus on exploration.
4. Bring a Crew Exploration Vehicle into service as soon as possible after Shuttle retirement.
5. Encourage the pursuit of appropriate partnerships with the emerging commercial space sector.
6. Establish a lunar return program having the maximum possible utility for later missions to Mars and other destinations.
*NASA 2006 Strategic Plan
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Strategic Goal #3
A. Study Earth from space to advance scientific understanding and meet societal needs.
B. Understand the Sun and its effects on Earth and the solar system.C. Advance scientific knowledge of the origin and history of the solar
system, the potential for life elsewhere, and the hazards and resources present as humans explore space.
D. Discover the origin, structure, evolution and destiny of the universe, and search for Earth-like planets.
E. Advance knowledge in the fundamental disciplines of aeronautics,and develop technologies for safer aircraft and higher capacity airspace systems.
F. Understand the effects of the space environment on human performance, and test new technologies and countermeasures for long duration space exploration.
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NASA Earth Science
The Earth Science Division supports: 1) researchprojects that exploit the observations andmeasurements acquired by NASA Earth observingmissions, and, 2) Applied Sciences projects thatextend NASA research to the broader usercommunity and address societal needs.
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Applications of National Priority
AgriculturalEfficiency
Air Quality Aviation CarbonManagement
Ecological Forecasting
Energy Management
Coastal Management
Disaster Management
Invasive Species Public HealthWater
ManagementHomeland Security
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Integrating Knowledge, Capacityand Systems into Solutions
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GEOSS Architecture
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NASA Integrated System Solution Model
Model characteristics:
• Enhance decision making related to specific societal benefits
• Incremental process
• Verifiable impact through benchmarked results
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Current NASA Earth Observing Systems
Aqua* AuraCHAMP Cluster (with ESA)FAST GOES-M*Geotail (with Japan) GRACE*ICESat* JASON-1*EO-1* Landsat-5,7*NOAA-M(POES) PolarQuickSCAT SAGE III (with Russia)SeaWinds* (with Japan) SORCETERRA* TIMEDTRMM* (with Japan)
*Land observations
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Planned NASA Earth Observing Systems
Aquarius (2009)CALIPSO (2006)CloudSat (2006)GPM (2010)LDCM (2010)NPP (under review)NPOESS (under review)OSTM (2008)OCO (2008)
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Data
DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS
Observations
VALUE & BENEFITS
EARTH SYSTEM MODELS
Predictions
*Future Mission
*Supported Non-NASA Model
Net Ecosystem Production Model: CASA
- Carbon assimilation in above and below ground biomass,
- Assessment of land and ocean carbon sink strength,
- Soil moisture,- Land-atmosphere-ocean carbon
exchange.
• Atmosphere: Terra, Aqua,Terrestrial Networks, NPP, NPOESS, OCO
• Land: Terra, Aura, Landsat, Terrestrial Networks
• Ocean: SeaWIFS, Aqua, Terra, NPP, NPOESS
• Climate change mitigation
• Improved efficiency in energy production
• Improved efficiency in crop production through enhancements in soil carbon
• Improved economy in marginal rural agricultural areas
• Climate change mitigation
Carbon ManagementIntegrated System Solution
Information Products, Predictions, and Data from NASA Applied Sciences
Missions and Models:- Land cover
condition and change
- Volume of above ground biomass Forest condition
- Soil moisture- Agricultural
production and yield - CO2 concentration in the atmosphere
- Oceanic carbon uptake and storage
- Fire management
- Soil carbon sequestration
- Forest management
- Crop planning and rotation
- Irrigation control
- Atmospheric pollution monitoring and prediction
- Energy production (burning of fossil fuels)
- Climate and weather prediction
- Ocean carbon seques-tration
EARTH OBSERVATORIES
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Toward a Carbon Management RegimeSo
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Impa
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Aqua NPP NPOESS
Landsat 7 Terra
N. American Carbon Program and related international results incorporated into models (w/ C data assimilation).
Regional monitoring of carbon storage in biomass and soils.Regional assessment of candidates for carbon sequestration. Assessment of carbon sink strength at continental scaleCapability to discriminate between land and atmospheric carbon fluxes. Assessment of carbon management DSTs in operational systems.
Assessment of OCO data usage
Volumetric assessment of above ground carbon sinks (3-D vs former 2-D capability) Potential to reduce frequency of costly in situ measurements
Soil Surface Moisture Measurement
Next Global land cover and change products
Modeling of soil carbon storage as a function of soil fertility and vegetative processes
Assess and predict sink duration for different land uses
20122008 2010
Steady improvement in model coupling, process characterization, assessment of
carbon sources and sinks
Forest height & canopy volume sampled globally. First global land cover change data product
Current trajectory
Valid
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car
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2006
Prototype Carbon DSS
OCOAura
Improved accuracy in measurements of carbon fluxes and monitoring of carbon storage in above ground biomass, lakes and coastal environments
Global atmospheric CO2 from OCO
01/15/06Current
LandsatNext
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North American Carbon Program (NACP) Systems Integration
Observations & Experiments Science Results Estimates & Uncertainties
Predictive Models
Field StudiesDiagnostic Models
Model-Data Fusion
Decision Support
ObservationsDynamic Maps
NACP quantifies magnitudes and distributions of carbon sources and sinks, explains the processes controlling them, and produces a consistent analysis of North America’s carbon budget.
Landsat 7
NACP is a CCSP Interagency
Collaboration
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Output: landscape-to continental
scale predictive maps of above
and below ground
distributions of sequestered carbon for
different climate scenarios
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NASA MODIS Products
Inputs include continental-scale land cover, NDVI, FPAR, elevation, soils, and
climate data …
Cropland NPP
Leaf Biomass
VEMAP & Daymet (UMT)Climate data
NASA / NGASRTM
Elevation
Cropland AfforestationPrediction
Multi-scale Validation Information
USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis Data Yale/UW Landscape
Management System
User Defined Profile•Region of Interest•Time Frame•Biophysical•Management•Climate Scenario
Carbon Sequestration Predication
CASA CQUEST
Decision Support Tool for Carbon
Accounting
http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/website/cquestwebsite
Landsat 7
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Carbon Management
EOSDIS & DAACs
Downlink
EDOS: Mission Control
Tasking
Exploitation
Landsat 7
Societal Benefits
Terra
SeaWiFs
CASA/CQUEST
Col
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CO
2(p
pm)
October 21-23, 2004
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Carbon Management Projects
Carbon Cycle Solicitation of 2004: "Linking Landscape Scale Carbon Monitoring with Forest Management" / Richard Birdsey, USDA Forest Service "Decision Support Systems for Carbon Management Across the U.S. Corn Belt" /Paul C. Doraiswamy, USDA Agricultural Research Service "North American Forest Disturbance and Re-growth" / Samuel N. Goward, University of Maryland "Accounting for CO2 Fluxes in Agricultural Lands" / Dr. Stephen M. Ogle, Colorado State University "Projections of Land Use Change and the Carbon Cycle" / Stephen J. Smith/Batelle, Pacific Northwest Division "A FrameworkTool for Full Carbon Accounting" / Tristam O. West, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
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Carbon Management Projects
ROSES Š Decisions 2004: ŅDecision Support for Forest Carbon Management: From Research to OperationsÓ / Randy Wynne, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Chris Potter, NASA Ames Research Center REASoN CAN 2003: "The Global Land Cover Facility" / John Townshend, University of Maryland, College Park Directed funding (co-funded with Terrestrial Ecology Program): ŅA Community-Driven, North American Disturbance Record and Processing System For Land Satellite DataÓ / Jeff Masek, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Output landscape-scale predictive maps
of invasive species
distributions …
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MODIS
SRTM
National Institute forInvasive Species Science
Goddard Space Flight Center
High-speed networking interconnects NASA/USGScluster computer & mass storage resources …
USGS Biological Data
Input merged continental-scale NDVI time-series, elevation, soils, and biological field data …
Invasive Species
Landsat 7
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Integrated Earth Observation System (IEOS) Near Term Opportunities
• Data Management System for Earth Observations
• Improved Observations for Disaster Warnings
• Global Land Observation System• Sea Level Observation System• National Integrated Drought
Information System• Air Quality Assessment and
Forecast System
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USGEO Benefits Addressed by GLOS
• Reducing loss of life and property from disasters,• Supporting sustainable agriculture and forestry,and combating land degradation,
• Developing the capacity to make ecological forecasts,
• Protecting, monitoring and managing water resources,
• Understanding the impact of environmental factors on human health, and
• Understanding, assessing, predicting, mitigating, and adapting to climate variability and change.
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NASA Land-Cover and Land-Use ChangeScience Team Meeting
Ed Sheffner
(202) 358-0239
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Landsat Data Continuity Mission
• Intention for Landsat 7 follow-on dates back to 1992 law that authorized Landsat 7 (Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992).
• Options for the system: a) commercial system, b) government build, c) government/private sector joint venture, d) international consortium.
• Recommendation for a joint venture led to solicitation for Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) in 2002.
• RFP cancelled by NASA in 2003.• 2003: Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)
issued memo outlining plan for operational Landsat type instrument.
• Plan called for NASA to build instrument(s) for inclusion on NPP and/or NPOESS.
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Landsat Data Continuity Mission
December 2005: OSTP memo “Landsat Data Continuity Strategy
Adjustment”
• NPOESS to proceed without Landsat type instrument;
• NASA will acquire a single LDCM free flyer to collect data and
deliver to USGS for distribution;
• USGS responsible for operations of LDCM and for “collection,
archiving, processing and distribution of the land surface data
to U.S. Government and other users;”
• NASA and USGS will implement the LDCM in a manner that
does not preclude different approach to follow-on systems;
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Landsat Data Continuity Mission
• Goal remains to make Landsat a “sustained operational program” managed by the USG, or an international consortium, or a commercial partnership.
• OSTP, with NASA, USGS and other agencies will develop a plan for sustainable operational land imaging in accord with the goals and objectives of the US Integrated Earth Observation System.