TEXT STRUCTURES

WHAT IS TEXT STRUCTURE?

A “text” is the actual or original words of an author, as distinguished from notes, commentary, paraphrase, translation etc.

A “structure” is a building or framework.

Narrative genre generally follows a standard story grammar that includes the following components:

SettingMood

Character

ConflictTheme

Plot

WHAT IS SETTING?

The setting is an environment in which a story or an event takes place.

It can includes specific information about time and place or can simply be descriptive

WHY IS SETTING IMPORTANT?

Think about setting not just as factual information but as an essential part of a story's mood and emotional impact.

Careful portrayal of setting can convey meaning through interaction with characters and plot

HOW DO I CREATE IT?To create a setting:

•provide an information about time and place and use descriptive language to evoke vivid sights, sounds, smells, and other sensations.

•Pay close attention to the mood a setting conveys.

WHAT IS MOOD?•Mood is a feeling that is conveyed to the reader in a literary work. •The writer can develop mood through word choice, dialogue, sensory details, description, and plot complications.

The mood conveyed in a literary piece can be a variety of feelings. A short list

is as follows:

1. mysterious2. eerie

(frightened)3. electrifying

(to excite; to startle)

4. happy5. bleak

(chilly; cold; dismal)

6.dreamy7.freewheeling

8.gloomy9.light10.ominous

(threatening)

11.reckless (careless)12.humorous13.sad14.intense15.calm (quiet)16.cheerful (happy)

WHAT IS CHARACTER?

A character is a person depicted in a narrative or drama. Characters may be flat, minor characters; or round, and major.

Main character in a story is generally known as the protagonist; the character who opposes him or her is the antagonist.

MAJOR CHARACTER/S

Is/are the character that plays a large role in the story, but is/are not the main characters.

DOPEY DOC GRUMPY SNEEZY

HAPPY BASHFUL SLEEPY

MINOR CHARACTERS

are the people in a story who are not the main point of the story, but still interact with or grab the attention of those main characters.

MAGIC QUEEN’S VULTURES RAVENMIRROR HUNTSMAN

ROUND CHARACTER

A round character is one who is capable of change and evolution throughout a story.

FLAT CHARACTERA flat character is one who lacks a complex and realistic personality.

A flat character is a term referring to a character who boasts, no mental or emotional development

The main character in a story is generally known as the protagonist: is the character who experiences the main conflict or problem in the plot.

A dynamic character is one who changes during the course of the story.

A static character doesn't change during the story.

•The character who opposes the protagonist is the antagonist.

Characters can be examined and studied using

the three A's criteria: Appearance, Actions,

Attitude

Appearance - the characters body structure (height, weight, proportion), facial features (hair, eyes, complexion, notable features), and clothing.

Actions - what the character does. For every attitude there will be an action that proves it.

Attitude - how a character thinks. The character may be intelligent, determined, curious, talented, brave, stubborn, humorous, pessimistic, etc.

WHAT IS CONFLICT?

Conflict is most visible between two or more characters, usually a protagonists and an antagonist, but can occur in many different forms.

THREE BASIC CONFLICTS

Internal conflicts occur when a character is in disagreement with him or herself. Specifically, this occurs when a character has two or more values or traits in opposition

Relational conflicts are incompatibilities how two or more individuals relate to one another - Fathers to Sons, Bosses to Employees, Slaves to Masters, etc.

External conflicts arise from obstacles located outside the protagonist including nature, the supernatural, or society.

WHAT IS PLOT?Plot is a series of episodes which hold the reader’s attention while they are reading the story.

FIVE PARTS OF PLOT

ExpositionThe exposition

introduces all of the main characters in the story. It shows how they relate to one another, what their goals and motivations are, and the kind of person they are.

RISING ACTIONGenerally, in this phase the protagonist understands his or her goal and begins to work toward it.

CLIMAXThe point of climax is the turning point of the story, where the main character makes the single big decision that defines the outcome of their story and who they are as a person.

FALLING ACTIONIn the sense that the loose ends are being tied up.

However, it is often the time of greatest overall tension in the play, because it is the phase in which everything goes most wrong.

RESOLUTIONThere is a final confrontation between the protagonist and antagonist, where one or the other decisively wins.

WHAT IS THEME?Outside of the plot, the

'theme' is often used to describe a topical issue that runs through the story, for example, fatherhood, unrequited love, racism.

The theme is the idea of the author wishes to convey about that subject. It is expressed as a sentence or general statement about life or human nature.