NAPOLEON’S DEMISE & THE AFTERMATHMr. Barchetto Notes #10

His Demise—The Invasion of Russia

Reason: Even though Alexander I was Napoleon’s Ally;

Alexander refused to stop selling grain to Great Britain. B/C of this and other circumstances Napoleon invaded Russia.

Using the above map answer the questions found in Notes#10…

Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia

Outcome: Napoleon marched

422,000 soldiers into Russia.

Alexander refused to face Napoleon’s stronger army; instead practiced Scorched-earth policy.

Napoleon would return to France with little less than 10,000 troops.

His Demise—The Invasion of Russia

Sequence of Events #1 Treaty of Chaumont

Napoleon’s refusal to the terms set by Austria’s Prince Klemens von Metternich…Leads Austria and Prussia to desert Napoleon and join Russia and Britain.

March 1814- The four countries pledged allegiance to defeat the French emperor.

Sequence of Events #2 Leipzig- Battle of the Nations

In an effort to regain power Napoleon put together a new less experienced army

In the German city of Leipzig in April of 1814 the allied armies crushed Napoleon’s inexperienced army.

Sequence of Events #3 Exile in Elba

April 1814 Napoleon accepted the terms of the surrender and abdicated his throne

Victors gave him a small pension and exiled him to the tiny island of Elba.

Sequence of Events #4 King Louis XVIII & his Troubles

News of Louis’s troubles is all Napoleon needed to hear to spring into action

Napoleon escaped Elba and on March 1, 1815 landed in France. Within days he becomes emperor again.

Sequence of Events #5 Battle of Waterloo June 18, 1815

In response to Napoleon’s return the allies quickly called upon their armies under the direction of British General Duke of Wellington.

The battle was fought in the village of Waterloo in Belgium. The battle lasted only three days and saw the complete destruction of Napoleon and his army.

Sequence of Events #6 Master of St. Helena

Allies did not want to take anymore chances with Napoleon…

Decided to ship him off to a remote island off the western coast of Africa (St. Helena)

Napoleon will live there for 6 years writing his memoirs and will die in 1821.

THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA

1814-1815

Five “Great Powers” Meet:

Prussia - Frederick Willhelm III Russia - Czar Alexander I Austria - Klemens von

Metternich Great Britain - Lord Castleraugh France - Charles Maurice de

Tallyrand

Influential Austrian foreign minister Distrusted democracy Plan to restore Europe

Klemens von Metternich

Klemens von Metternich“States which have undergone a change of

Government due to revolution, the results of which threaten other states, ipso facto cease to be members of the European

Alliance, and remain excluded from it until their situation gives guarantees for legal

order and stability. If, owning to such situations, immediate danger threatens

other states, the Powers bind themselves, by peaceful means, or if need be by arms,

to bring back the guilty state into the bosom of the Great Alliance.”

- Metternich

  

How does Metternich propose to deal with revolutions?

 

3 Goals of the Congress… The Congress of Vienna was convened in 1815 by the

four European powers which had defeated Napoleon. 1. The first goal was to establish a new balance of power

in Europe which would prevent imperialism within Europe, such as the Napoleonic empire, and maintain the peace between the great powers.

2. The second goal was to prevent political revolutions, such as the French Revolution, and maintain the status quo.

3. The third goal was to restore legitimate or traditional governments to power (legitimacy)

Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna attempted to turn the clock back…

The ideals of the French Revolution--liberty, equality and nationalism--had been spread across Europe by the Revolutionary and Napoleonic armies. 

The men at Vienna intended to restore legitimate rulers of Europe to their thrones, to restore the absolute rule of monarchs and to put down any attempts at revolution.

The Concert of Europe: Alliance system between European nations to help one another if revolutions broke out.

However, the clock would NOT be turned back.  Revolutions broke out across Europe in the name of nationalism and

liberalism.  The results of these revolutions varied--some succeeded others failed--but they all caused fear among the ruling classes.