Napoleon Bonaparte. Rise of Napoleon 24 years old is made a general by the Committee of Public...
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Transcript of Napoleon Bonaparte. Rise of Napoleon 24 years old is made a general by the Committee of Public...
Rise of Napoleon
24 years old is made a general by the Committee of Public Safety
At 26, he becomes commander of French armies in ItalyGains fame for victories in Italy
France wants him to invade BritainHe knows that invasion will fail, so he
invades Egypt insteadInvasion of Egypt also fails
Consul and Emperor
1799 Napoleon takes part in coup d’état that overthrows the Directory.A consulate government is set up
Napoleon is named the first consul3 years later he gets named consul for life
1804, Napoleon is crowned Emperor
Peace with the Church
Napoleon knows it’s good to mend relationship with the ChurchMakes deal with the pope
Catholicism is recognized as the religion of the majority of France
In return, the pope will not ask for the return of seized Church lands from the Revolution
Catholic Church is no longer an enemy of the State
People who seized lands now support the government.
Codification of the Law
Institutes Napoleonic (Civil) Code – unifies all the laws of Francethe equality of citizens before the lawthe right to choose your own professionreligious tolerationabolition of serfdom + feudal
obligationswomen less equal than men
No inheritance rights for daughters
A New Bureaucracy
public officials + military officers promoted on ability
Aristocracy (noble class) based on meritorious service to nation
Preserver of the Revolution???
Liberties taken awaynewspapers shut downbanned booksgovernment controlled publishingMail confiscated + opened by police
Building the Grand Empire Napoleon builds France and becomes the
greatest power in Europe at the time.Known as the Grand Empire
The Grand Empire would consist of three partsFrench EmpireDependent statesAllied states
Building the Grand Empire…. The French Empire
France and its new extended boundaries
The Dependent States
Kingdoms ruled by relatives of Napoleon
Unified German States
Spain - brother
Holland – brother
The Allied States
Countries defeated by Napoleon
Russia, Prussia, Austria
Building the Grand Empire…. Napoleon spreads the ideas of the French Revolution
Legal Equality
Religious toleration
Economic freedom
Clergy and nobility have all special privileges taken away
Napoleons system of merit instituted in new states
Napoleon hoped to build a long lasting French Empire
Two factors lead to its demise
Britain
Nationalism
Britain Napoleon wants to invade Britain and conquer.
British navy too strong for Napoleons forces
French defeated trying to invade
Continental System
Napoleons new plan to defeat British
Set up a blockade against importing British goods, try to bankrupt them
System fails
Allied states go behind his back
Too many markets worldwide to try and stop British trade
Nationalism
Sense of identity of a people based on Common language Religion National symbols
Conquered people are not forced to take on French culture Still unified by their own culture Resentful of invaders
Russia Under control of Napoleon, but ignoring Continental system
Must be punished
Set precedent for other countries
Napoleon sets out with 600,000 men
Only brings enough supplies for 26 days
Depending on quick victory
War would last 6 months
Russians strategy baffles Napoleon
Refuse to fight
Retreat further into Russia
Burn fields and homes along the way
Russia… Napoleon finally reaches Moscow
Russian capital
Finds it set ablaze
Wins two battles along the way, but costly victories Tens of thousands of men die in battle
Begins Great Retreat Napoleon makes decision to leave Russia
Still in the dead of winter
Thousands of troops are lost
Starvation
Hypothermia
Suicide
Less than 40,000 out of 600,000 make it back
Downfall of Napoleon Disaster in Russia leaves France vulnerable to surrounding
countries
Napoleon defeated
Exiled to island of Elba
Louis XVIII restored as monarch in France
Brother of Louis XVI
Napoleon escapes Elba and returns to France to claim his empire
Foreign armies rally together to finish Napoleon for the last time
Napoleon defeated at Waterloo in Belgium
Duke of Wellington leads British and Prussian troops
Defeated, Napoleon is exiled to St. Helena
Dies in exile in 1821