NapoleonNapoleon

October,1799-Napoleon returned to October,1799-Napoleon returned to France from Egypt and overthrew the France from Egypt and overthrew the governmentgovernment

Led by three consuls (what does this Led by three consuls (what does this remind you of?)remind you of?)

Napoleon was First Consul (had the most Napoleon was First Consul (had the most power)power)

1802-First Consul for Life (affirmed by a 1802-First Consul for Life (affirmed by a plebiscite—what are people willing to do plebiscite—what are people willing to do for security?) for security?)

1804-Crowned himself emperor (who 1804-Crowned himself emperor (who does this remind you of?)does this remind you of?)

Rise to PowerRise to Power

Domestic PoliciesDomestic Policies Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code

– Regarded all French men as equalsRegarded all French men as equals– Religious tolerationReligious toleration– Abolished serfdom and protected property rightsAbolished serfdom and protected property rights– Workers were not protected (treated as inferior Workers were not protected (treated as inferior

to employers)to employers)– Husband had almost total control of family Husband had almost total control of family

property and financesproperty and finances Bank of France createdBank of France created

– All paid taxesAll paid taxes– Made loans to businessesMade loans to businesses– Decreased inflationDecreased inflation

Domestic Policies (con’t)Domestic Policies (con’t) Controlled public opinionControlled public opinion

– NewspaperNewspaper– Education—lyceesEducation—lycees– Punished criticsPunished critics

Created peace with the Catholic Church—Concordat Created peace with the Catholic Church—Concordat of 1801of 1801– Affirmed that Catholicism was majority religionAffirmed that Catholicism was majority religion– Religious tolerationReligious toleration– Napoleon named bishops and state paid clergy salariesNapoleon named bishops and state paid clergy salaries– Church did not get land lost backChurch did not get land lost back

Did not favor political liberty-He believed that his Did not favor political liberty-He believed that his absolute rule was best for Franceabsolute rule was best for France

SPECTRUM???SPECTRUM???

Empire BuildingEmpire Building Defeated Italy and AustriaDefeated Italy and Austria 1802- Treaty of Amiens w/ Britain1802- Treaty of Amiens w/ Britain 1804- Crowned Emperor by Pope Pius VII1804- Crowned Emperor by Pope Pius VII Many military successes on the Euro. Many military successes on the Euro.

continentcontinent 10/1805- Napoleon lost @ Trafalgar to 10/1805- Napoleon lost @ Trafalgar to

the British Navythe British Navy– Therefore, France will never invade BritainTherefore, France will never invade Britain– Beginning of the Continental SystemBeginning of the Continental System

More Empire BuildingMore Empire Building Continental SystemContinental System

– All European nation that had been conquered by All European nation that had been conquered by France (+ Russia & Prussia) had to stop trade w/ G.B.France (+ Russia & Prussia) had to stop trade w/ G.B.

– British demanded all trading ships had to stop at British demanded all trading ships had to stop at British port first (Napoleon says he will seize those British port first (Napoleon says he will seize those ships!)ships!)

– An eventual failure b/c G.B. navy strongerAn eventual failure b/c G.B. navy stronger– US and other neutral nations sufferedUS and other neutral nations suffered

1812- Napoleon controlled most of Europe, 1812- Napoleon controlled most of Europe, became king of Italybecame king of Italy– See map, p. 595See map, p. 595– People resented paying France taxes and giving People resented paying France taxes and giving

soldierssoldiers– Resentment= building nationalism in occupied areas Resentment= building nationalism in occupied areas

(i.e. Spain)(i.e. Spain)

DownfallDownfall Czar Alexander I (Russ.) saw Napoleon as Czar Alexander I (Russ.) saw Napoleon as

a threat and resumed trade w/ G.B. in a threat and resumed trade w/ G.B. in 18111811

Napoleon invaded Russia. Unsuccessful.Napoleon invaded Russia. Unsuccessful.– Scorched earthScorched earth– Russian winterRussian winter– 400,000 of 600,000 French troops died400,000 of 600,000 French troops died

Napoleon attacked by other national Napoleon attacked by other national groups after failing in Russia groups after failing in Russia Russia Russia and Prussia announced War of Liberation and Prussia announced War of Liberation and defeated him at Leipzig in 1813and defeated him at Leipzig in 1813

Napoleon’s EndNapoleon’s End March 1814- Paris taken, Napoleon March 1814- Paris taken, Napoleon

abdicated to Louis XVIII (Louis XVI’s brother)abdicated to Louis XVIII (Louis XVI’s brother)– French Bourbon monarchy restoredFrench Bourbon monarchy restored– Napoleon exiledNapoleon exiled– French boundaries shrunkFrench boundaries shrunk

Napoleon returned in 1815Napoleon returned in 1815– Bourbon troops rejoined w/ NapoleonBourbon troops rejoined w/ Napoleon– Reigned again—Hundred DaysReigned again—Hundred Days

6/1815- Defeated at Waterloo by G.B., 6/1815- Defeated at Waterloo by G.B., Prussia, and NetherlandsPrussia, and Netherlands

Napoleon under house arrest on St. Helena Napoleon under house arrest on St. Helena until death in 1821.until death in 1821.

What are the legacies What are the legacies of Napoleon?of Napoleon?

How tall was Napoleon How tall was Napoleon really?really?

5’ 2” (French feet)=

5’ 6.5” (English feet)

““History is a set of History is a set of lies that people have lies that people have

agreed upon.”agreed upon.”-Napoleon Bonaparte, -Napoleon Bonaparte,

ironicallyironically