NANOTECHNOLOGYPresented ByKush Saxena

What is Nanotechnology

• Nanotechnology is a combination of two words i.e. Nano means smallest and technology so Nanotechnology is the technology of smallest things.

• Nanotechnology is the science of very small things.

Nanotechnology = Nano + Technology

Macro Micro Nano

Definition of Nanotechnology

• Nanotechnology refers to the constructing and engineering of the functional systems at very micro level or we can say at atomic level.

• Nanotechnology is a wonderful technology in which scientists rearrange atoms and molecules of matter to new specifications.

Founder of Nanotechnology• Richard Feynman was a Nobel prize winner (1965)

and a brilliant physicist. In 1959 he introduced the concept of nanotechnology when he gave a talk titled “There is plenty of Rooms at the bottom.”

Richard Feynman

Scale of Nanotechnology

1 meter = 100 centimeters

1 centimeter = 10 millimeters 1 millimeter = 0.000001 nanometer

• A sheet of newspaper is about 100,000 nanometers thick.

• A human hair is approximately 80,000- 100,000 nanometers wide.

• A strand of human DNA  is 2.5 nanometers in diameter.

How small the Nano is?

Key Terms You Need to Know

• BuckyBalls• Carbon Nanotubes

Buckyball

Buckyballs, also called fullerenes, were one of the first nanoparticles discovered. This discovery happened in 1985 by a trio of researchers working out of Rice University named Richard Smalley, Harry Kroto, and Robert Curl.Buckyballs are composed of carbon atoms linked to three other carbon atoms by covalent bonds

Carbon Nanotube

• A Carbon Nanotube is a tube-shaped material, made of carbon, having a diameter measuring on the nanometre scale.

Properties of Carbon Nanotubes• Highest ratio to weight ratio, helps in creating light

weight spacecrafts.• Easily penetrate membranes such as cell wall, helps

in treatment of cancer.• Electrical resistance changes significantly when other

molecules attach themselves to the carbon atoms. Helps in developing sensors that can detect chemical vapours.

Application of Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology in Electronics

• Nanotechnology increases the capabilities of electronics devices while reducing their weight and power consumption.

• Improves display screens on electronics devices.• Increasing the density of memory chips• Reducing the size of transistors used in

integrated circuits

Nanotechnology in Medicine with the help of Nanorobot

• Nanorobots is a microscopic robot built with nanotechnology. These robots will be able to sense and adapt to external factors such as light and heat.

• For Example if in future, you have a fever then your doctor will able to place a tiny robot into your bloodstream. The robot detects the cause of your fever, travels to the appropriate system and provide dose of medication directed to the infected area.

Nanotechnology in cancer Treatment

• The use of nanotechnology in cancer treatment offers some exciting possibilities. Usually we depend upon surgery, chemotherapy or radiation treatment to destroy cancer.unfortunatlly these treatments can carry serious side effects. With nanotechnology targeted therapies are possible

Nanotechnology useful for surgeons

• The role of nanotechnology in surgery is evident in miniaturization of surgical tools. In US, Rice University has made a significant invention named ‘Flesh Welding'. Flesh welding is a new technology which can replace the old clumsy and infection prone stitching method after surgery.

Nanotechnology in Battlefield• Nanofabrics are currently being researched for use in

military camouflage.Nanoparticales can be injected into the material of soldiers' uniform to not only to make material durable but also to protect soldiers from different dangers such as high temperature and impact of chemicals.

• Another important use for nanotechnology is for manufacturing sensors highlyuseful for military.

• Nanotechnology also can provide self changing camouflage. This is done by injecting mobile pigment nanoparticales into the uniform materail.These mobile pigment would be able to change the colour of uniforms, depending upon the area that the soldiers are in to provide effective camouflage.

Nanotechnology in Agriculture• The implementation of nanotechnology in the form of

small sensors and monitoring devices will create a positive impact in farming methods.

• Farmers can make excellent use of nanotech-enabled small devices that can perform 2 roles-

1. Being as preventive2. As an early warning system

Nanotechnology in Sports• The world of competitive sports is highly influenced

by even minute changes in sports equipment, which could be a matter of winning or losing and there is where nanotechnology can help.

• Baseball bat,tennis,badminton,hockey sticks cricket bat and many more are some

of sporting equipment and their performance and durability can be improved with the help of nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology in LEDs• Light Emitting Diodes or LEDs use much less energy

than concentioanl Most LEDs are made from semi-conducting material called gallium arcenide phosphide.The best part of LEDs is that they don’t release any heat unlike traditional bulbs.Today,scientist are searching the use of differnt

Status of Nanotechnology in India• Nanotechnology is being hailed as the next sunrise

industry in India. The department of Science and technology of the central government has announced a national initiative in nanometarils while the Jawaharlal Nehru centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bangalore has pioneered the study of nanotechnology in India.

• With the great scientist Prof. C.N.Rao at the helm, the centre has done world class research in Nanotechnology.

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