BY,

ESHA DANGE

Introduction

• The concepts that seeded nanotechnology were

first discussed in 1959 by renowned physicist

Richard Feynman.

• In which he described the possibility of

synthesis via direct manipulation of atoms.

• The term "nano-technology" was first used by

Norio Taniguchi in 1974, though it was not

widely known

Some facts to visualize Nano

A nm is about the width of six bonded carbon atoms

your fingernails grow approximately one nanometer per second.

Another way to visualize a nanometer: 1 inch = 25,400,000 nanometers

A red blood cell is ~7,000 nm in diameter, and ~2000 nm in height

A virus is ~100 nm

What is Nanotechnology?

• Nano:

A Nano meter is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth of a meter(10-9).

• Technology:

Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines and techniques, in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function.

• Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic scale

Tool and Technology

• There are several important modern developments.

– The atomic force microscope (AFM).

– The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) are scanning probes that

launched nanotechnology.

• Various techniques of nanolithography such as:

– optical lithography.

– X-ray lithography,

– Dip pen nanolithography

– Electron beam lithography(inkjet printer)

were also developed.

Lithography in MEMS context is typically the transfer of a pattern into a

photosensitive material by selective exposure to a radiation source such as

light.

Approaches in nanotechnology

Top-down Approach

Creating Nano-scale materials by physically or chemically breaking down larger materials

Bottom-up Approach

Assembling Nano materials atom-by-atom

or molecule-by molecule (self assembling)

CARBON TUBES

• Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbonwith a cylindricalnanostructure.

• Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family.Their name is derived from their long, hollow structure withthe walls formed by one-atom-thick sheets of carbon,called graphene.

• In electric cables and wires

• In solar cells

• In fabrics

Nano Materials

• Nano powders - building blocks of nanomaterials (particles less than 100 nm in size)

Porous metallic ‘nanocubes’store large amounts of H2

Nanoparticles of gold fornew catalysts

The scale ofnanopowders

Subfields

STAGES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

• Active nanostructure

• Passive nanostructure

• System of nanosystem

• Molecular nanosystem

Nanotechnology in various ways

Plant production

Ex: Delivery of DNA to plants

Animal Production

Ex: Nano tube sensors to detect hormone level

changes

Animal or Plant Health

Ex: Detect pathogens

Agrochemical Ex: Nanoparticles in

pesticides

In food industry

ConvergenceNano-Geo-(Bio)-Info technology

SensingEx: Detect chemicals

or food borne pathogen

SafetyPackaging

Ex: Prevent or respond to spoilage

Nanotechnology Applications

Nanotechnology in waste water treatment

ADVANTAGES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

• Computers can become a billion times faster and a million

times smaller

• Automatic Pollution Cleanup

• Create stronger and durable material

• Cure diseases (eg. cancer)

Disadvantages

• Carbon Nanotubes could cause infection of lungs

• Once nano-particles are in the bloodstream, they will be able to cross the blood-brain barrier.

• Atomic weapons could be more accessible and destructive

Future of nanotechnology

National Science and Technology Council (USA) claims that:

“Nanotechnology is an enabling technology that will change the nature of almost every human-made object in the next century.”

Conclusion• Nanotechnology is predicted to be

developed but much depends on our

commitment to its research.

• Like the first human landing on the moon,

or the development of the modern computer,

the development of molecular manufacturing

will require the coordinated efforts of many

people for many years.

BOTTOM LINE

"The Next Big Thing Is Really Small”

ANY QUESTIONS??