NANOTECHNOLOGY
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THE TECHNOLOGY
OF 21ST CENTURY:
NANOTECHNOLOGY
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PRESENTED BY
Parag P. Tyagi
Anuja B. Pharse
Priya B. Yadav
Vaishali A. Deore
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NANOTECHNOLOGY
1. WHAT IS NANO?
NanoOriginates from the Greek word ‘dwarf’
FactorNano is of the factor 10-9
How small is it?
for e.g.:-Oxygen atomsWater molecule
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HOW ABOUT THIS.. A red blood cell
Human hair fragment
(the purplish thing)
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NANOTECHNOLOGY
a bit more…
A fingernail
Comparison
A man’s beard
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2.WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?
Definition
Technology for microscopic devices
Refers to various field
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3. WHAT’S SO SPECIAL ABOUT NANOTECH & WHY IS IT AN ISSUE?
The AFM (Atomic Force Microscope)
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Quantum Effects: Quantum effect describes the electron
properties The effect comes into play when
nanometer size range is reached Quantum effects begin to dominate
behavior of the matter Materials reduced to nanoscale show
different properties
For instance,
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Opaque substances (viz. copper)
Inert materials (viz. platinum)
Stable materials (viz. aluminium)
Solids (viz. gold)
Insulators (viz. silicon)
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Surface Area
Comparison of bulk form and nano scale form of same mass of material
This make material chemically more reactive
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To understand the effect of particle size on surface area. Consider this example,
the coin weighs 26.96 grams and has a diameter of about 4
centimeter And has a total surface area of approx.
27.70 sq. cm.
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if, the same amount of coin were divided into tiny particles – say 1nm in diameter
then, the total surface area of those particles would be 11,400 sq. meters
The surface area of those particles is over 4 million times greater than the surface area of the silver coin.
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EVOLUTIONARY V/S REVOLUTIONARY NANOTECHNOLOGIESFOR EXAMPLE,
The picture over left is the first point contact transistor built in 1947.
It has a diameter of over 1 centimeter
The first point contact transistor
Description
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Intel’s Nehalem chip architecture
of size 32nm which incorporates
about 1.9 billion transistors in a single chip
Intel’s 32nm Nehalem chip architecture
Description
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Which is equivalent to,
shrinking of 509 meters tall Tapei-101 (currently the tallest building of the
world )
to the size of a 1.6 millimeter tallgrain of rice
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4.HISTORY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Historical Background
The First mentionBy James Clerk Maxwell (in 1867)
During the beginning of 20th century
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (in 1910’s) Irving Langmuir & Katharine B. Blodgett
(in 1920’s)Gordon Moore (in 1965’s)
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In 1950’s
physicist Richard
Feynman
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5.IMPACT ON ECONOMY
AffectedAreas
Impact Economy impact /yr
Transport-ation
Lighter & safer vehicle
$70billion /yr
Energy Reduction in production
$100billion/yr
Manufacturing
Nano structuringMaterial properties
$340billion/yr
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6.APPLICATIONS
Nanocomputer
Nanomotors
Nanowires
Consumer Goods
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7.1.NANOCOMPUTER
It is smaller then micro & mini computer.
Types of Nanocomputer:
Humanizing Nanocomputer
Quantum Nanocomputer
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HUMANIZING NANOCOMPUTER
It is a nanorobot which serves as antibodies
Protect human bodies against pathogenic bacteria & viruses
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EXAMPLES
Nanorobot carrying sperms
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7.2.NANO MOTORS
It is device which converts energy to movement
Units
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7.3.NANOWIRES
Referred as 1-Dimensional materials of ratio(length - width)1000 or more.
It cannot be seen in 3-D.
Uses
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7.4.CONSUMER GOODS
Foods Bacteria identification Nanocomposite
Households Self cleaning
Agriculture Solution for various problems
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8.IMPLICATIONS
1.Health Issue
2.Environmental Issue
3.A Need For Regulation
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8.1.HEALTH ISSUE
• Nano-particles
• Nano-medicine
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NANO-PARTICLES
Health hazards.
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NANO-MEDICINE
Cancer therapy
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CANCER TREATMENT USING MOLECULAR IMAGING
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8.2.ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE
Nano pollution
Nano filtration.
Magnetic nanoparticles
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8.3.A NEED FOR REGULATION
Since there are good as well as bad effects of nanotechnology their should be some regulation