Nanostructured inorganic materials for energy
Transcript of Nanostructured inorganic materials for energy
Nanostructured inorganic materials for energy
Delia Milliron Group
New phenomena at the nanoscale: Interfaces can dominate behavior
4 nm nanocrystal > 50% “surface”
nanocrystal-in-matrix > 80% “interface”
A B
additive function
A B
i
functional interface
NH2SH
Green manufacturing with nanomaterials
‣ Solution phase synthesis and processing
‣ Low temperature for low embodied energy
‣ Low cost for viable large area/scale devices
‣ smart windows, solar cells, batteries
Inorganic Core
Organic Ligands
6-
solvent dispersible nanocrystal
[Nb10O28]-6
water soluble POM
Nanocrystal-based materials and devices
Chemical control of nanocrystals
Tgrowth=210°C Tgrowth=220°C
Tgrowth=240°C Al-ZnO
PbSe
20 nm
20 nm
Fe3O4
Optical and structural
properties
Au
Au
10µm
Assembly and integration
Various%kind%of%solGgel%films%
• Highly%transparent%
• Thin%films%from%urea%combus+on%shows%highest%conduc+vity%
• Combining%of%combus+on%solGgel%process%and%nanopar+cles%
– Local%heat%may%induce%be]er%par+cle%connec+on%%
Before%N2%annealing%
AEer%N2%annealing%
Urea%
Combus+on%
Conven+onal%
method%
Acetylacetonate%
combus+on%
8.9%kΩ/sq% 15%kΩ/sq% 65%kΩ/sq%
4.9%kΩ/sq% 8.8%kΩ/sq% 20%kΩ/sq%
Semiconductor Nanocrystal Plasmonics
Tunable and responsive properties Application: Electrochromic windows
Interface-Mediated Transport Ion transport through pores and
composites Application: Fuel cell, battery
membranes
Nanocrystal Assembly and Integration
Polymer-nanocrystal assembly, gels Application: Sensors, electrochemical
devices
Phase Stability and Transitions Meta-stable phases and phase
switching materials Application: Thermochromic windows,
solar cells
5nm$
WZ 100
WZ 101
WZ 002
K 112
400℃
Electric field enhancement using plasmonic metal oxide nanocrystals
24.418.612.87.031.25Epol
Shape-dependent field-enhancement
Synthesis and Simulation of ICO Nanoparticle
X=0 X=L1 X=L2 X=L3
r Modeling and experiment on Electrochromic Device
Photonic Crystal Modeling
Research
Synthesis and Simulation of ICO Nanoparticle
X=0 X=L1 X=L2 X=L3
r Modeling and experiment on Electrochromic Device
Photonic Crystal Modeling
Research
309
232
155
77.3
.008
All are 10 nm-equivalent In-CdOAnkit Agrawal, et al., in press.
84.7
63.8
42.8
21.9
.930
Epol
Hot spots in dimers
Sample preparation
5
4 sizes each of CeO2 and TiO2
3 nm TiO2 6 nm
12 nm 12x30nm
2.8 nm CeO2 4 nm
6.3 nm 11 nm
range of pore sizes
Proton transport through microporous metal oxides
Measuring proton conductivity
7
1 cm
1 mm
sputtered Pt
ceria film
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
6543210Zreal (x109 Ω)
Z imag
(x10
9 Ω)
Zresistor
= R
Zcapacitor
=1
j!CZinductor
= j!L
ZVoigt
=R
1 + j!RC
Measuring proton conductivity
7
1 cm
1 mm
sputtered Pt
ceria film
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
6543210Zreal (x109 Ω)
Z imag
(x10
9 Ω)
Zresistor
= R
Zcapacitor
=1
j!CZinductor
= j!L
ZVoigt
=R
1 + j!RC
Conductivity of 4 nm CeO2 nanocrystal films
8
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
log(
T·m
) [K·
S/cm
]
3.0x10-32.82.62.42.22.01.81.61.41/T (K)
50100150200250300350400450450Temperature (ºC)
0.74 eV
conductivity under dry Ar
0.51 eV
conductivity under wet Ar
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
log(
T·m
) [K·
S/cm
]
3.0x10-32.82.62.42.22.01.81.61.41/T (K)
50100150200250300350400450450Temperature (ºC)
0.74 eV
conductivity under dry Ar
Typical electronic conduction behavior for nanocrystalline CeO2
Significant increase in conductivity already occurring at 300℃
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
log(
T·m
) [K·
S/cm
]
3.0x10-32.82.62.42.22.01.81.61.41/T (K)
50100150200250300350400450450Temperature (ºC)
0.74 eV
conductivity under dry Ar
0.51 eV
conductivity under wet Ar previous literature values(wet Ar)
Enhanced proton (and electron) conductivity compared to previous work
50 nm
Evan Runnerstrom
H+
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