Nanosafety Nanosafety Initiative Initiative

in Thailandin Thailand

Dr.Sirasak TeparkumDeputy Executive Director

National Nanotechnology CenterNSTDA

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Outline

• What’s Nanotechnology?

• Dilemma of Nanotechnology

• Nanosafety Program– Policy: National Nanosafety & Ethics Strategic

Plan(2012-2016)– Research: SRA Lab– Testing: NCL Lab

• Nano-labelling (NanoQ)

What’s Nanotechnology?

“Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at the nanoscale, at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications”.

Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale.

So how small is "nano"? A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick. And there are 25,400,000 nanometers in one inch.

NNI: http://www.nano.gov/

nm0.1 1 10 100 1,000 100,000นาโนเทคโนโลยี

Hydrogen DNA Virus

Microchip Human hair

ATP synthase

Nano is an enabling technology for the future

1 Trillion US$ of nanoproduct value is expected by 2015!!!

Nanochips

Nanocapsules

Nanofilms

Handheld computer, watchphone

Electronic transdermal drug delivery patch

Flexible thin screen

Nan

ote

ch

nolo

gy

NOW FUTURE

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Dilemma of Nanotechnology

Utopian dreams Apocalyptic nightmares

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• Size• Surface area• Surface chemistry• Solubility• Shape

5S Factors involved in toxicity of nanomaterials

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Factors Affecting Nanosafety

Potential routes of nanomaterial exposure

Inhalation: Lung

Ingestion: Gastro-intestinal tract

Dermal: Skin

Parenteral: Blood circulation

Local / systemic adverse effects

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List of Manufactured Nanomaterials (15)

• Fullerenes (C60)• Single-walled carbon

nanotubes (SWCNTs)• Multi-walled carbon

nanotubes (MWCNTs)

• Silver nanoparticles• Iron nanoparticles• Carbon black

• Titanium dioxide• Aluminium oxide• Cerium oxide• Zinc oxide• Silicon dioxide• Polystyrene• Dendrimers• Nanoclays• Gold nanoparticles 8

Possible Nanomaterial Adverse Effects

Experimental NM effects Possible pathophysiological outcomes

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation*

Protein, DNA and membrane injury, oxidative stress

Oxidative stress* Phase II enzyme induction, inflammation, mitochondrial perturbation

Mitochondrial perturbation* Inner membrane damage,* permeability transition (PT) pore opening,* energy failure,*

apoptosis,* apo-necrosis, cytotoxicity

Inflammation* Tissue infiltration with inflammatory cells, fibrosis, granulomas, acute phase protein

expression (e.g., C-reactive protein)

Protein denaturation, degradation*

Loss of enzyme activity,* auto-antigenicity

Uptake by reticulo-endothelial system*

Asymptomatic sequestration and storage in liver, spleen, lymph nodes, possible organ

enlargement and dysfunction

Experimental NM effects Possible pathophysiological outcomes

Nuclear uptake* DNA damage, nucleoprotein clumping,* autoantigens

Uptake in neuronal tissue* Brain and peripheral nervous system injury

Perturbation of phagocytic function,* "particle overload," mediator release*

Chronic inflammation, fibrosis, glanulomas, interference in clearance of

infectious agents

Endothelial dysfunction, effects on blood clotting*

Atherogenesis,* thrombosis,* stroke, myocardial infarction

Generation of neoantigens, breakdown in immune tolerance

Autoimmunity, adjuvant effects

Altered cell cycle regulation Proliferation, cell cycle arrest, senescence

DNA damage Mutagenesis, metaplasia, carcinogenesis

Possible Nanomaterial Adverse Effects

Nano-products in Thailand…

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Nano

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Nano-products in Thailand…

“Pao Silver-nano (night formula)” claiming that it can eliminate bacteria upto 99% and makes clothes odor-free without sun dry.

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Nano-products in Thailand…

Past attempts to promote nanotechnological products•nano-fabric & apparel•nanosilver•nanocosmetics

Trailing edge of a nanohype peak

Awareness of nanosafety inlimited circles•Nanosilver-coated traditional Thai outfit promoted by the National Innovation Agency in honor of H.M. the King in April 2008

•Environment-friendly cloth bags coated with 90-300 nm TEFLON particles werepromoted in 2007 14

Public Perception of NanoSafety

(Nano-)Safety Legal Infrastructure

• The Hazardous Substance Act of 1992: พระราชบั�ญญ�ติวั�ติถุ อั�นติราย พ.ศ. 2535 – A nanomaterial need to be assigned to one of 3 types

• Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act of 1992:

พระราชบั�ญญ�ติส่�งเส่รมคุ ณภาพส่�งแวัดล้�อัมแห่�งชาติ พ.ศ.2535 – Setting pollution/emission standards; penalty for polluters

• The Labour Protection Act of 1998:

พระราชบั�ญญ�ติคุ �มคุรอังแรงงาน พ.ศ. 2541 – OSHE Committee makes policy recommendations to

Minister of Labor -> labor safety regulations15

NanoSafety Institutional Public Sector Infrastructure

• Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, MOI

• Department of Industrial Works, MOInd

• Department of Disease Control, MOPH

• Department of Medical Sciences, MOPH

• Food & Drug Administration, MOPH

• Pollution Control Department, MNRE

• Department of Labour Protection• Thai Industry Standard Institute,

MOInd• The Thailand Research Fund

(TRF)• NANOTEC, NSTDA

• Chulalongkorn University (CU)

• Private Sector – Federation of Thai Industries

(FTI)

• People Sector– National Health Commission

Office of Thailand (NHC) - acting as a central facilitator

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Trend of Nanotechnology Acceptance

Year

Pu

blic

ac

cep

tan

ceNanotechnology w/o good governance and safety guideline

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Trend of Nanotechnology Acceptance

Year

Pu

blic

ac

cep

tan

ceNanotechnology with good governance and safety guideline.

Sustainable Development is the Key!

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The Seven Principles of Nanosafety Code

1. Board accountability2. Stakeholder involvement3. Worker health & safety4. Public health, safety & environmental risks5. Wider social, environmental, health and

ethical implications and impacts6. Engaging with business partners7. Transparency and disclosure

www.responsiblenanocode.org.

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NanoSafety ProgramNanoSafety Program

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Vision:

Safe Nano Propels Thailand

Sustainably

Knowledge Management

Public Participation

Establishment & Encouragement of

Regulation & Standard

Marketing

Security

Environment

Development Production

Health

National Nanosafety & Ethics Strategic Plan Framework

Vision

Objective

3 Key Performance Indicators

3 Strategies

5 Measures

Safe Nano, Thailand towards Sustainable Development

To create nanotechnology and nanomaterials’ R & D, production, distribution and usage

which are ethical, sustainable and done with related parties’ involvement

for health and environmental safety and national security.

Thailand has an effective management system of nanotechnology safety and ethics, with related sectors’ operating within 5 years.

Nanoproducts in Thailand’s market have labels demonstrating nanomaterials’ names and safety information based on scientific evidence.

The public has knowledge, understanding, and awareness of nanotechnology safety and risk and are able to select, store, and eliminate nanoproducts by themselves.

Engineering EconomicsEnforcement Education Empowerment

Conduct and manage the information network

Develop and strengthen measures as well as mechanisms of

Strengthen and promote public

Conduct and manage the information network

Develop and strengthen measures as well as mechanisms of

monitoring and enforcement

Strengthen and promote public

engagement

Thailand has an effective management system of nanotechnology safety and ethics, with related sectors’ operating within 5 years.

Nanoproducts in Thailand’s market have labels demonstrating nanomaterials’ names and safety information based on scientific evidence.

The public has knowledge, understanding, and awareness of nanotechnology safety and risk and are able to select, store, and eliminate nanoproducts by themselves.

Thailand has an effective management system of nanotechnology safety and ethics, with related sectors’ operating within 5 years.

Nanoproducts in Thailand’s market have labels demonstrating nanomaterials’ names and safety information based on scientific evidence.

The public has knowledge, understanding, and awareness of nanotechnology safety and risk and are able to select, store, and eliminate nanoproducts by themselves.

Work

s

Exp

ertiseResearch

TestingServicesStandard

NCL

Income

SRA

1

3

Collaboration & Training

Product labelingProduct labeling

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NA

NC Infra structure

Flagship

Targeted Nanoproducts•Cosmetics•Food•Petrochemicals

National Advanced NANO Characterization Center

(NANC)

NanoMARKS Flagship

Nan

osaf

ety

Nan

omet

rolo

gy

Copyright © 2015 NANOTEC

Nano-measurement & Nano-charaterization Service Lab

• Capabilities– Physical & chemical testing: particle size and nano-particle

distribution analysis (nanosizer/ Dynamic light scattering)– Structural surface analysis (AFM/STM/ E-SEM)– Biological testing: MTT toxicity assay, anti-bacterial testing

(AATCC standard)– Nanoparticle preparations in powder and emulsion form.

26SEM AFM TEM

Scanning Electron Microscope

Transmission Electron Microscope

NANOTEC Testing Service Lab Equipment

Nanosizer

Atomic Force Microscope

High Pressure Homogenizer

Antibacterial test

Scanning Tunneling Microscope

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Nano Q

• Nano Q is a certified mark for nano products which are

certified by Nanotechnology Association of Thailand.

•Motivation to Have Nano Q

• Increase Public Trust :Facilitate healthy development of

nanotecnology• Protect Consumer :Avoid waste money• Protect Good Companies : Eliminate unfair competitions

between good and bad products• Facilitate Trade : Stimulate economic growth

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Brand : …. Model : …..

Testing Scopes of Nano Q

ProductsTest

Sample Property Testing

Anti-bacteria Water repellence

Functional Textiles

Final products, raw materials (SEM, DLS)

AATCC 147, AATCC-100,

Contact Angle Spray method

Color and Coating Material

Final products, raw materials(SEM, DLS)

JIS Z 2801 Contact Angle Spray method

Household Products(i.e. ceramic ,plastic)

Final products, raw materials(SEM, DLS)

JIS Z 2801

Contact Angle Spray method

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Thank you for Thank you for your attentionsyour attentions

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