Nanomaterials from Natural Products for Industrial...
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Editorial Nanomaterials from Natural Products for Industrial Applications Sohel Rana, 1 Raul Fangueiro, 1 Vijay K. Thakur, 2 Mangala Joshi, 3 Sabu Thomas, 4 and Bodo Fiedler 5 1 Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Guimar˜ aes, Portugal 2 Enhanced Composites & Structures Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK 3 Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India 4 School of Chemical Science, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India 5 Institute of Polymer and Composite, Technical University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Correspondence should be addressed to Sohel Rana; [email protected] Received 22 November 2017; Accepted 23 November 2017; Published 26 December 2017 Copyright © 2017 Sohel Rana et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. is special issue is focused on the nanomaterials derived from natural products and their application in different industrial sectors. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most promis- ing tools for creating high performance and multifunctional materials for various industrial applications. Looking at the growing concern about the environment and sustainabil- ity, nanomaterials from natural sources are receiving great attention in the scientific community as well as in industrial sectors. A wide variety of nanomaterials synthesized from natural products possess exceptional strength characteristics, light weight, transparency, and excellent biocompatibility and are, therefore, promising materials for coatings, packaging, medicine, construction, electronics, filtration, transporta- tion, and other areas. Among various techniques, electro- spinning has been considered to be a simple and versatile technique for producing continuous nanofibres from natural polymers. erefore, besides particles, it has been possible to produce continuous fibres and textiles based on these nanomaterials. Within the range of natural nanomaterials, nanocellulose has attracted a special attention and has been widely used for industrial applications. Nanocellulose has been either synthe- sized through bottom-up approach using bacteria (known as bacterial cellulose) or produced from plant cellulose through physical (such as ultrasonication, homogenization, and ball milling) or chemical methods (such as acid hydrolysis) or their combination in the form of nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) and nano-crystalline cellulose (NCC). Nanocellulose possesses high mechanical properties (NCC’s axial Young’s modulus: 120–220 GPa, transverse modulus: 11–57 GPa, ten- sile strength: 7.5GPa), high surface area, and interesting barrier and optical properties and is, therefore, considered to be an excellent reinforcement for composite materials. is special issue presented a number of sources for production of nano cellulose and its application in different areas. For example, M. Hassanzadeh et al. produced NFC from two underutilized Appalachian hardwoods, Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) and explored the possibility of using the produced NFC as templates for antimicrobial copper for packaging and medical/pharmaceutical applications. J. Li et al. produced NFC from poplar and cotton sources and used for the reinforcement of Polylactic Acid (PLA) composites. An interesting application of copper immobilized NFC has been reported by C. W. Owens et al. as catalyst for the synthesis of 1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole from benzyl azide and phenylacetylene with a yield of over 90%. A number of attempts have been made to control the size and morphology as well as functionality of pro- duced nanocellulose targeting different applications. ese approaches either include pretreatment of cellulosic materials prior to nanocellulose extraction or functionalization of produced nanocellulose using different chemical or physical Hindawi Journal of Nanomaterials Volume 2017, Article ID 4817653, 2 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4817653
Transcript of Nanomaterials from Natural Products for Industrial...
EditorialNanomaterials from Natural Products forIndustrial Applications
Sohel Rana,1 Raul Fangueiro,1 Vijay K. Thakur,2 Mangala Joshi,3
Sabu Thomas,4 and Bodo Fiedler5
1Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal2Enhanced Composites & Structures Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK3Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India4School of Chemical Science, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India5Institute of Polymer and Composite, Technical University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Correspondence should be addressed to Sohel Rana; [email protected]
Received 22 November 2017; Accepted 23 November 2017; Published 26 December 2017
Copyright © 2017 Sohel Rana et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This special issue is focused on the nanomaterials derivedfrom natural products and their application in differentindustrial sectors.
Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most promis-ing tools for creating high performance and multifunctionalmaterials for various industrial applications. Looking at thegrowing concern about the environment and sustainabil-ity, nanomaterials from natural sources are receiving greatattention in the scientific community as well as in industrialsectors. A wide variety of nanomaterials synthesized fromnatural products possess exceptional strength characteristics,light weight, transparency, and excellent biocompatibility andare, therefore, promising materials for coatings, packaging,medicine, construction, electronics, filtration, transporta-tion, and other areas. Among various techniques, electro-spinning has been considered to be a simple and versatiletechnique for producing continuous nanofibres from naturalpolymers. Therefore, besides particles, it has been possibleto produce continuous fibres and textiles based on thesenanomaterials.
Within the range of natural nanomaterials, nanocellulosehas attracted a special attention and has been widely used forindustrial applications. Nanocellulose has been either synthe-sized through bottom-up approach using bacteria (known asbacterial cellulose) or produced from plant cellulose throughphysical (such as ultrasonication, homogenization, and ballmilling) or chemical methods (such as acid hydrolysis) or
their combination in the form of nano-fibrillated cellulose(NFC) and nano-crystalline cellulose (NCC). Nanocellulosepossesses high mechanical properties (NCC’s axial Young’smodulus: 120–220GPa, transverse modulus: 11–57GPa, ten-sile strength: 7.5 GPa), high surface area, and interestingbarrier and optical properties and is, therefore, considered tobe an excellent reinforcement for composite materials. Thisspecial issue presented a number of sources for productionof nano cellulose and its application in different areas. Forexample, M. Hassanzadeh et al. produced NFC from twounderutilized Appalachian hardwoods, Northern red oak(Quercus rubra) and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)and explored the possibility of using the produced NFCas templates for antimicrobial copper for packaging andmedical/pharmaceutical applications. J. Li et al. producedNFC from poplar and cotton sources and used for thereinforcement of Polylactic Acid (PLA) composites. Aninteresting application of copper immobilized NFC has beenreported by C. W. Owens et al. as catalyst for the synthesisof 1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole from benzyl azide andphenylacetylene with a yield of over 90%.
A number of attempts have been made to controlthe size and morphology as well as functionality of pro-duced nanocellulose targeting different applications. Theseapproaches either include pretreatment of cellulosicmaterialsprior to nanocellulose extraction or functionalization ofproduced nanocellulose using different chemical or physical
HindawiJournal of NanomaterialsVolume 2017, Article ID 4817653, 2 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4817653
2 Journal of Nanomaterials
methods. In this special issue, Y. Chen et al. presented a greenpretreatment approach with exoglucanase and endoglu-canase enzymes to produce NFC with controlled length forspecial applications.
Nanomaterials produced by bacteria are also gettingtremendous attention in recent times. Bacterial cellulose is anappropriate example of this type ofmaterials with high purity,crystallinity, and excellent mechanical properties. Minicellsgenerated by lactic acid bacteria are another type of nanosizedparticles with huge application potential in drug deliverysystems for treatment of cancer, microbial infection, andother diseases, as discussed in the review paper by H. N.Nguyen et al. included in the present special issue.
Nanoclays such as montmorillonite (MMT), kaolinite,and saponite are other natural nanomaterials which havebeen widely used for reinforcement of polymeric as well ascementitious composites. Reinforcement of polymers withnanoclays improves their physical, mechanical, and gas bar-rier properties. On the other hand, in case of cementitiousmaterials, nanoclays are used to improve the mechanicalperformance, resistance to chloride penetration, and self-compacting performance and to reduce the permeability andshrinkage properties. Nanoclays find diversified applicationsin cosmetics, drug delivery systems, pollution control andwater treatment, food industry, and so on. An applicationof nanoclays to improve the mechanical and barrier per-formance of whey protein isolate nanocomposites films forfood packaging applications has been presented in this specialissue by K. Muller et al. The use of other inorganic nano-materials such as MCM-41 silicate and Y-Zeolites, depositedwith a bioactive plant extract for medical applications, hasbeen discussed by M. A. Hernandez et al. Some other nano-materials from natural products for medical applications,discussed in this issue, include nanoemulsion produced fromthe extract of Amazonian andiroba plant oil as reported byS. S. R. Milhomem-Paixao et al. and nanocomposite films ofhyaluronic acid containing metal nanoparticles as discussedby G. Cardenas-Trivino et al.
However, despite promising properties and applications,further research and developments are extremely essential fornanomaterials obtained from various natural products. Pro-duction of these nanomaterials at industrial scale needs cost-effective production processes, improved production rate,and consistent quality as well as predictable and consistentperformance of nanomaterials based products. This specialissue presented some of the recent research approaches tostudy and optimize the properties of a few natural productbased nanomaterials and highlighted their enormous appli-cation potential in diversified industrial sectors.
Sohel RanaRaul FangueiroVijay K. ThakurMangala JoshiSabuThomasBodo Fiedler
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