Chapter 1 Originates from Punjab = city of 5 riversRivers are: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas = all flow into Indus

• Important cities: Lahore( in Punjab) and Amritsar (in india)• Punjab was divided into two after Pakistan was created but when sikhism started

there was no India/ Pakistan • Most sacred Sikh places are in Pakistan• India's invaders entered from NW EXCEPT Europeans! Most by the Khyber Pass

Chapter 2He rejected celibacy, believing that family and personal relationships reflect the discipline of culture, tradition and faithGuru Nanak (1469-1539) 70 Years --> Founder of Sikhism

• Born: Talwandi Rai Bhol - now called nankana Sahib - now in pakistan • Father: Mehta Kalu (b.1440) Bedi; Patwari (Land Accountant) • Mother: Mata Tripta • Sister: Bibi Nanaki (older then nanak) B. 1464; Married in 1475 to Jairam of

Sultanpur* (nanak eventually lives there)--> very close to his sister• When he lived with his sister (age 16), in a Muslim orientated city, he was

exposed to Muslim philosophers but he still did not find satisfaction with what he was learning about their religion from them

• Married in 1487 to Mata Sulakhni (age 19)• Two Sons: Baba Sri Chand (1494-1612) and Baba Lakshmi das (1487-1555)• Education: (Always wanted to know the higher truth-> impressed teachers)

◦ Rukh-ed Din: Arabic, Persian and Religion --> started going at age 5◦ Gopal Pandit: Arithmetic, Book keeping ◦ Pt. Brijinath: Sanskrit, Music, Religion

Early Life

• Farmer (1485-1504)◦ Age 5, begins to ask questions about Life ◦ Age 7, Pandit teaches for a day ◦ Age 9, Maivi teaches for a day◦ Age 12, Married ◦ Age 19, Wife joins in Sultanpur ◦ 1504- stays in Sutanpur (7)

Mool Mantar: know the meaning of it!! --> definition of God• 8 words are creed of sikhism• Opening words of scripture• Written by Nanak• First composition of sikh religion

Guru Angad Dev Ji (1504-1552)

Nanak 2• 1504-1552 [ 35 (when he got power ship) + 13 (years as guru) = 48]• Prophet of devotion• Father: Baba Pheru• Mother: Mata Sabri (Mata Daya Kaur) • Born in Ferozpur, moved to Harike, and settles in Khadur• Studied: Languages, Religion, Arithmetic and Sanskrit • Visited Jwalamukhi temper every year• Marriage: Mata Khivi in 1519 • Children: Baba Dasu, Baba Dattu, Bibi Amro, and Bibi Anokhi• Contributions:

▪ Authored 63 sholaks ▪ Invented the gurmukhi script and grammar▪ Finalized Japji with guru nanak and rewrote guru nanak hymns ▪ Instituted langar▪ Visited by hamayun (second Mughal emperor)▪ Died: in 1552 after 13 years of guruship

Nanak 31479- 1574 [73 (when he got guruship)+22 (how long he stayed guru)=95]

• Father: Baba Tej Bhan • Mother: Mata Bhagat Kaur• Born in 1479 at Baerke• Married to Mata Mansa Devi in 1502• Children: Mohan, Mohri, Bibi Dani, and Bibi Bhani (remember)• Business: Merchant and Farmer• Met Guru Angad after hearing Bibi Amro sing Guru Nanak's hymn• Lived in Goindwal and became Guru in 1552• Contribution:

• 907 Hymns in 17 rags in punjabi• Banis: Anand Sahib --> means bliss, sung at every occasion --> no more

crying for days • Inter caste marriages, widow marriage, no purdaha (face cover ups-> ex.

burkha), no dowry, no satti (women required to jump on her dead husbands cremation), equality of men and women, made it a requirement for sikhs to visit him and be in his presence instead of going to the hindu festivals, made his own festivals (vaisakhi --> April 1st, and Diwali--> October/ November)--> pretty much people had to choose who they wanted follow at this point

• Establishment of manjis (cots) -> a parish at different locations in India, in which a Mahant (women or men and nonsikhs who occupied the manji) who comes back to guru during the festivals. Established 22

• Collection of authentic hymns (Pothi's) of previous two gurus and added his own and then gave it to his grandson and he wrote the books all

together. Known as goindwal pothi's BUT guru ji's son stole the books thinking that he would have power but he never got any

• Built baolli (well) - 84 steps• Met emperor akhbar

• Emphasized langar