Nams rois faseruk_2013
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FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
Why is the Stained Glass Window a Glass Ceiling?: Organizational Perspectives on
Female Bishops in the Anglican Communion
Judy Rois, Trinity College, University of Toronto & Anglican Foundation
Alex Faseruk, Memorial University
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
Rowan Williams, Archbishop
“A Church that ordains women as priests but not as bishops is stuck with a real anomaly.”
• October 2012 in preparation for
Synod in November to vote on the ordination of women as bishops in the Church of England
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
Nature of Churches
• hierarchical & centralized • hierarchical & decentralized • non-hierarchical & centralized • non-hierarchical & decentralized • span of control-diocese-province • CEO model, branch model,
franchise model
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
Role of Women in The Church
• ancient church controversy • traditional orders of ministry • Bishop • Priest • Deacon • barriers to entry • entry level positions • stained glass ceiling
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
Conditions for a Glass Ceiling
Cotter et al. (2001) • not explained by other job
relevant characteristics • greater at higher levels than at
lower levels • does not reflect proportional data • increases over the course of a
career
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
History of Female Ordination
• until 19th century none ordained • Margaret Fell, “Women’s Speaking
Justified, Proved and Allowed of by the Scriptures, all Such as Speak by the Spirit and Power of the Lord Jesus and How Women Were the First That Preached the Tidings of the Resurrection of Jesus and Were Sent by Christ’s Own Command Before He Ascended to the Father”
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
Reasons against Ordination
• Tradition • Scripture • Zagano (2008) • Martinez, Rodriguez-Entrena and
Rodriguez-Entrena (2012)
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
Differential Treatment
• conscience clauses • reversal of decisions • church shopping • selective attendance and
participation
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
Reaction by Other Women
• Radford-Ruether (2011) • Via (2011) • Hunt (2011) • Buchannan, Warning and Tett
(2012)
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
Women in Other Churches
• ELCA (2004) • United Methodist (2012) • Houseal (2003) Nazarene • Presbyterian USA (2003) • Roebuck (2012) Pentecostal
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
Governance in Anglicanism
• check and balances in provinces • episcopally led but synodically
governed • nature of bishops-leadership • majority or super majority? • requirements for ordination • issue started with deaconesses • elections as a glass window
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
Church of England
• deacons 1986 • female priests 1992 • loss of members • bishops-ongoing debated at
Synods 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
Vote at Synod
• For/Against • House of Bishops 44/3 • House of Clergy 148/45 • House of Laity 132/74 • Total 324/122
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WWW.BUSINESS.MUN.CA