Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases.
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Transcript of Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases.
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Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases
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Professional Hittite Engineer Exam
Calculate the smallest limb diameter on a persimmon tree that will support a 10-pound possum.
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Naming Acids and Bases:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:
1. List 3 properties of acids and bases2. Name a binary and oxy- (ternary) acid3. Name a base
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6 Types Of Chemical Compounds
•Binary ionic - metal ion – nonmetal ion
•Binary molecular - two nonmetals
•Ternary ionic - at least one ion is a polyatomic ion
•Binary acid - H – nonmetal
•Ternary acid - H – Polyatomic ion
•Base - metal ion – OH
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Acids & Bases
Their Properties
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Properties of Acids
Taste sour Itchy on skin, will burn if concentrated Turns Blue litmus paper Red Red litmus paper stays Red
Reacts with Base - Neutralization:
Acid + Base Salt + Water
Ex: Vinegar, Citrus Fruit
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Properties of Bases
Taste Bitter Feel Slippery Turns Red litmus paper Blue Blue litmus paper stays Blue
Reacts with Acid - Neutralization:
Acid + Base Salt + Water
Ex: Soap, Milk of Magnesia, Most Cleaners
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Things You Can LearnFrom Your Dog!!
When your loved one comes home, run to greet him/her.
Eat with gusto to show your appreciation for the meal.
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The Fourth Category Of Compounds Is Binary Acids.
•These compounds begin with hydrogen since they are “acids”.
•Attached to the hydrogen is a nonmetal ion
•Hydrogen – nonmetal ion
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What are Binary Acids?
Binary means two elements
Naming
All binary acids follow the pattern as shown next:
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Naming Binary Acids Contain “H” and one other element (nonmetal)To Name:
Hydro + second element name shortened (stem)
+ ic + acidEx: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acid
Hydrochloric acid HF =
Hydroflouric acid
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Prefix
Hydro-
Stem or root of nonmetal
< NM >
Suffix
-ic acid
HCl Hydro
HI Hydro
HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal
chlor ic acid
iod ic acid
H2S Hydro sulfur ic acid
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The Fifth Category Of Compounds Is Ternary Acids.
•These compounds begin with hydrogen since they are “acids”.
•Attached to the hydrogen is a polyatomic ion
•Hydrogen – polyatomic ion
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New Element On The Periodic Table
Element: Woman
Symbol: Xx
Atomic Mass: 120 (More Or Less)
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Before we name ternary acids lets learn some variations on the polyatomic ions…
•The standard ions that you have memorized that end in –ate can be changed by adding or subtracting oxygens to form 3 more ions.
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Let’s see what happens when we add or subtract oxygens…
Ion Name
BrO41-
BrO31-
BrO21-
BrO1-
Perbromate
Bromate
Bromite
Hypobromite
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Let’s try it again…
Ion Name
SO52-
SO42-
SO32-
SO22-
Persulfate
Sulfate
Sulfite
Hyposulfite
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Now let’s use this information to name ternary acids, acids with polyatomic ions…
•The standard ions that you have memorized that end in –ate can be changed by adding or subtracting oxygens to form 3 more ions that can make 3 more acids.
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Naming Ternary (Oxy)Acids (cont.)
Contain “H”, “O” and one more elementTo Name:
Polyatomic ion “ate” “ic” + acidEx: HNO3 = Nitr-ate ic + acid
Nitric acidHClO3 =
Chloric acid
An easy way to remember which goes with which…An easy way to remember which goes with which… ““In the cafeteria, you In the cafeteria, you ATEATE something something ICICky”ky”
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Naming Acids (cont.)
If the acid has one more oxygen than the base acid, the naming goes as follows:
To Name: Per + Polyatomic ion “ate” “ic” + acid
Ex: HNO4 = Per + Nitr-ate ic + acidPernitric acid
H2SO5 = Persulfuric acid
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Naming Acids (cont.)
If the acid has one less oxygen than the base acid, the naming goes as follows:
To Name: Polyatomic ion “ite” “ous” + acid
Ex: HNO2 = Nitr-ite ous + acidNitrous acid
H2SO3 = Sulfurous acid
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Naming Acids (cont.)
If the acid has two less oxygens than the base acid, the naming goes as follows:
To Name: Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite” “ous” + acid
Ex: HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite ous + acidHyponitrous acid
HClO = Hypochlorous acid
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New Element On The Periodic Table (cont.)
Physical Properties of Xx: Generally round in form. Boils at nothing and may freeze anytime. Melts whenever treated properly. Very bitter if not used well.
Chemical Properties: Very active. Possesses strong affinity to gold, silver, platinum, and precious stones. Violent when left alone. Able to absorb great amount of exotic food. Turns slightly green when placed beside a better specimen. Ages rapidly.
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Summary of Naming Ternary Acids
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Acid Nomenclature FlowchartAcid Nomenclature Flowchart
h yd ro - p re fix-ic e n d ing
2 e le m e n ts
-a te e nd ingb e com es-ic e nd ing
-ite e nd ingb e com es
-o us e nd ing
n o h yd ro- p re fix
3 e le m e n ts
ACIDSs ta rt w ith 'H '
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Assume that hydrogen is +1 and balance the charges.
Phosphoric acid This is a Ternary acid (does not begin with “hydro-”.The “-ic” suffix indicates that the polyatomic ion in this acid has a suffix of “-ate” - phosphate
H3PO4
Writing Acids
H1+ PO43-
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Hypochlorous acid This is a Ternary acid (does not begin with “hydro-”.
The “-ous” suffix indicates that the polyatomic ion in this acid has a suffix of “-ite” – hypochlorite
1 less oxygen
Hypo- means 1 more oxygen less
H+1 ClO-1
HClO
Assume that hydrogen is +1 and balance the charges.
Writing Acids (cont.)
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New Element On The Periodic Table (cont.)
Usage of Xx: Highly ornamental. An extremely good catalyst for disintegration of wealth. Probably the single most powerful income reducing agent known.
Caution: Highly explosive in inexperienced hands.
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Naming Bases
Name the metal first Add hydroxide
Ex: NaOH = Sodium hydroxide
KOH =
Potassium hydroxide
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Practice Naming Bases
Formula Name
NaOH
Fe(OH)3
Mg(OH)2
Ni(OH)2
NH4OH
Sodium hydroxide
Iron (III) hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
Nickel (II) hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide
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Naming Acids and Bases:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:
1. List 3 properties of acids and bases2. Name a binary and oxy- (ternary) acid3. Name a base
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Chemical Compound Quiz
Hypochlorous acid helps get the laundry white and bright. What is the common name?
Bleach
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Summary of Naming Ternary Acids
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Acid Nomenclature FlowchartAcid Nomenclature Flowchart
h yd ro - p re fix-ic e n d ing
2 e le m e n ts
-a te e nd ingb e com es-ic e nd ing
-ite e nd ingb e com es
-o us e nd ing
n o h yd ro- p re fix
3 e le m e n ts
ACIDSs ta rt w ith 'H '
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Exit Quiz Naming Bases
Formula Name
LiOH
Mn(OH)3
Ca(OH)2
Cu(OH)2
KOH
Lithium hydroxide
Manganese (III) hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide
Copper (II) hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
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Exit Quiz Naming Acids
Acid Name
H2SO5
H2SO4
H2SO3
H2SO2
Persulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid
Sulfurous acid
Hyposulfurous acid
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Exit Quiz Naming Acids
Acid Name
H2CO4
H2CO3
H2CO2
H4C
Percarbonic acid
Carbonic acid
Carbonous acid
Hydrocarbonic acid
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Exit Quiz Naming Acids
Acid Name
HCl
HClO2
HClO
HClO4
Hydrochloric acid
Chlorous acid
Hypochlorous acid
Perchloric acid
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Exit Quiz Naming Various Acids
Formula Binary or Ternary
Name
HCl B
HI B
HNO2T
H2SO5T
H3PO2T
H4C B
Hydrochloric acid
Nitrous acid
Persulfuric acid
Hypophosphorous acid
Hydrocarbonic acid
Hydroiodic acid
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Down home in Hittiteville, folks now go to some movies in groups of 18 or more.They were told 17 and under are not admitted.
Hittite News: