Naming Chemical Compounds. Beating The System The system of naming that is used world- wide today...

Naming Chemical Naming Chemical CompoundsCompounds

Beating The SystemBeating The System The system of naming that is used world-The system of naming that is used world-

wide today is called the IUPAC systemwide today is called the IUPAC system IUPAC is an acronym for International IUPAC is an acronym for International

Union of Pure and Applied ChemistryUnion of Pure and Applied Chemistry The names and formulas used by IUPAC The names and formulas used by IUPAC

are universal throughout the world ndash much are universal throughout the world ndash much like the scientific names used in biology ndash like the scientific names used in biology ndash you you HomoHomo sapienssapiens

This system helps to eliminate language This system helps to eliminate language barriers and problems of communicationbarriers and problems of communication

Names forNames forBinary Ionic CompoundsBinary Ionic Compounds

A A binary ionic compoundbinary ionic compound is an ionic compound that is made of is an ionic compound that is made of just two elementsjust two elements

The elements involved with binary ionic compounds have formed The elements involved with binary ionic compounds have formed ions ndash one positive and one negativeions ndash one positive and one negative

These compounds have a first and last name just like you The These compounds have a first and last name just like you The positive ion is always placed first in the formula and is written as positive ion is always placed first in the formula and is written as the first name The negative ion is second in both instancesthe first name The negative ion is second in both instances

The general form of the name of a binary ionic compound ishellipThe general form of the name of a binary ionic compound ishellip

Metal nonmetideMetal nonmetide Notice that the first name stays the same as on the periodic table Notice that the first name stays the same as on the periodic table

while the second name gets shortened and ends in ldquoiderdquowhile the second name gets shortened and ends in ldquoiderdquo ExamplesExamples KK22SS NaClNaCl MgMg33NN22

Potassium sulfidePotassium sulfide Sodium chlorideSodium chloride Magnesium nitrideMagnesium nitride

Ionic Compounds with Ionic Compounds with Transition MetalsTransition Metals

There are several metals on the periodic table that are There are several metals on the periodic table that are ldquoshiftyrdquo They are capable of having more than one ionic ldquoshiftyrdquo They are capable of having more than one ionic charge Of course being metals this charge is positivecharge Of course being metals this charge is positive

These metals areThese metals are Copper ndash Cu ndash I amp IICopper ndash Cu ndash I amp II Iron ndash Fe ndash II amp IIIIron ndash Fe ndash II amp III Lead ndash Pb ndash II amp IVLead ndash Pb ndash II amp IV Tin ndash Sn ndash II amp IVTin ndash Sn ndash II amp IV

When naming a compound these metals must be identified When naming a compound these metals must be identified not only with their name but with their chargenot only with their name but with their charge

The formulas of compounds that include these ldquoshiftyrdquo The formulas of compounds that include these ldquoshiftyrdquo metals do not have any Roman numerals in themmetals do not have any Roman numerals in them

Naming Ionic Compounds Naming Ionic Compounds with Transition Metalswith Transition Metals

These too have a first and last nameThese too have a first and last name The The first namefirst name is the name of the is the name of the metalmetal This This

name is name is followed by a Roman numeralfollowed by a Roman numeral in in brackets ndash just to show what form of the ldquoshiftyrdquo brackets ndash just to show what form of the ldquoshiftyrdquo metal it ismetal it is

The The second namesecond name is the name of the is the name of the nonmetalnonmetal ndash ndash shortenedshortened with the with the ldquoIDErdquo endingldquoIDErdquo ending

ExampleExample CuCu33NN SnOSnO22

Copper (I) nitrideCopper (I) nitride Tin (IV) oxideTin (IV) oxide

Polyatomic Ionic Polyatomic Ionic CompoundsCompounds

A A polyatomic ionpolyatomic ion is a is a cluster of atoms that travel cluster of atoms that travel together as a single unit together as a single unit that carries an overall that carries an overall chargecharge

Many of the polyatomic ions Many of the polyatomic ions are negatively charged so are negatively charged so when they are in an ionic when they are in an ionic compound they replace the compound they replace the nonmetalnonmetal

The polyatomic ions you The polyatomic ions you need to know areneed to know are

Name (formula) Name (formula) chargecharge

Hydroxide (OH)Hydroxide (OH)1-1-

Nitrate (NONitrate (NO33))1-1-

Chlorate (ClOChlorate (ClO33))1-1-

Bicarbonate (HCOBicarbonate (HCO33))1-1-

Carbonate (COCarbonate (CO33))2-2-

Sulfate (SOSulfate (SO44))2-2-

Phosphate (POPhosphate (PO44))3-3-

Ammonium (NHAmmonium (NH44))1+1+

Naming PolyatomicNaming PolyatomicIonic CompoundsIonic Compounds

Polyatomic compounds also get two names just like we doPolyatomic compounds also get two names just like we do The The first namefirst name will be the name of the positive ion ndash will be the name of the positive ion ndash

usually a usually a metalmetal ndash no changes are made to this first name ndash no changes are made to this first name The The second namesecond name will be the will be the name of the polyatomic name of the polyatomic

ionion as it is ndash there are no changes made to the name of as it is ndash there are no changes made to the name of polyatomic ions when they are used in a compoundpolyatomic ions when they are used in a compound

The second name ndash if the second part of the compound is The second name ndash if the second part of the compound is just a nonmetal (not a polyatomic) ndash will be the shortened just a nonmetal (not a polyatomic) ndash will be the shortened name of the nonmetal with the ldquoname of the nonmetal with the ldquoIDEIDErdquo endingrdquo ending

ExamplesExamples CaSOCaSO44 KK33POPO44 NHNH44ClCl Calcium sulfateCalcium sulfate Potassium phosphate Potassium phosphate Ammonium chlorideAmmonium chloride

Binary Covalent CompoundsBinary Covalent Compounds Binary covalent compoundsBinary covalent compounds are those are those

which are made of two nonmetals bonded which are made of two nonmetals bonded together because they are sharing together because they are sharing electrons (Two bullies are sharing the electrons (Two bullies are sharing the toys)toys)

Covalent compounds do not form ions so Covalent compounds do not form ions so you canrsquot go ldquopositive ion first amp negative you canrsquot go ldquopositive ion first amp negative ion secondrdquo This means you have to name ion secondrdquo This means you have to name them differently than the ionic compoundsthem differently than the ionic compounds

Naming BinaryNaming BinaryCovalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds

The The covalent compoundscovalent compounds use only nonmetals They still have use only nonmetals They still have two names just like ustwo names just like us

PrefixesPrefixes are used to show how much of each nonmetal is used to are used to show how much of each nonmetal is used to make the compoundmake the compound

The prefixes used areThe prefixes used areMono ndash 1Mono ndash 1 Tri ndash 3 Tri ndash 3 Penta ndash 5 Penta ndash 5 Hepta ndash 7Hepta ndash 7 Nona - 9Nona - 9Di ndash 2Di ndash 2 Tetra ndash 4 Tetra ndash 4 Hexa ndash 6 Hexa ndash 6 Octa ndash 8Octa ndash 8 Deca ndash 10Deca ndash 10

The The first namefirst name is the name of the is the name of the first nonmetalfirst nonmetal used It will used It will have a prefix only if there is more than one of it used No prefix have a prefix only if there is more than one of it used No prefix needed if there is only one of the first nonmetalneeded if there is only one of the first nonmetal

The The second namesecond name is the name of the is the name of the second nonmetalsecond nonmetal used ndash it used ndash it will be will be shortenedshortened with an with an ldquoIDErdquo endingldquoIDErdquo ending and will have a and will have a prefixprefix (even if there is only one of it) The second nonmetal always gets (even if there is only one of it) The second nonmetal always gets a prefixa prefix

ExamplesExamples NN22OO CClCCl44

Dinitrogen monoxideDinitrogen monoxide Carbon tetrachlorideCarbon tetrachloride

Binary AcidsBinary Acids A A binary acidbinary acid is an acid that contains is an acid that contains

hydrogen and one other elementhydrogen and one other element The general formula for any binary acid isThe general formula for any binary acid is

Hydro-nonmetal-ic acidHydro-nonmetal-ic acid

ExamplesExamples HCl (HCl (aqaq)) HBr (HBr (aqaq)) Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid Hydrobromic acidHydrobromic acid

Ternary AcidsTernary Acids A A ternary acidternary acid is an acid that contains hydrogen is an acid that contains hydrogen

and a polyatomic ionand a polyatomic ion The name of the polyatomic ion used in the acid The name of the polyatomic ion used in the acid

will help us form the name of the acidwill help us form the name of the acid If the polyatomic ion ends in If the polyatomic ion ends in ldquoldquoateaterdquordquo the ending of the the ending of the

acidrsquos name will become acidrsquos name will become ldquoldquoicicrdquordquo (I think of the saying (I think of the saying ldquoI ldquoI ate ate something something ickyickyrdquordquo to help me keep these straight) to help me keep these straight)

If the polyatomic ends in If the polyatomic ends in ldquoldquoiteiterdquordquo the ending of the acidrsquos the ending of the acidrsquos name will become name will become ldquoldquoousousrdquordquo

ExamplesExamples HNOHNO33 ( (aq)aq) HNOHNO22 ( (aqaq)) HH22SOSO44 ( (aqaq)) Nitric acidNitric acid Nitrous acidNitrous acid Sulfuric acidSulfuric acid

Try Naming These ExamplesTry Naming These Examples LiLi22OO FeClFeCl33 AlAl22(CO(CO33))33

NN22OO33

HH22SOSO44 ( (aqaq)) Cu(ClOCu(ClO33))22

HF (HF (aq)aq) PbSPbS22

NaHCONaHCO33

HH33POPO44 ( (aqaq)) MgClMgCl2210H10H22OO SS22BrBr44

Ca(OH)Ca(OH)2 2 (aq)(aq)

Lithium oxideLithium oxide Iron (III) chlorideIron (III) chloride Aluminum carbonateAluminum carbonate Dinitrogen trioxideDinitrogen trioxide Sulfuric acidSulfuric acid Copper (II) chlorateCopper (II) chlorate Hydrofluoric acidHydrofluoric acid Lead (IV) sulfideLead (IV) sulfide Sodium bicarbonateSodium bicarbonate Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acid Magnesium chloride decahydrateMagnesium chloride decahydrate Disulfur tetrabromideDisulfur tetrabromide Calcium hydroxideCalcium hydroxide

THATrsquoS ALL FOLKSTHATrsquoS ALL FOLKS

Beating The SystemBeating The System The system of naming that is used world-The system of naming that is used world-

wide today is called the IUPAC systemwide today is called the IUPAC system IUPAC is an acronym for International IUPAC is an acronym for International

Union of Pure and Applied ChemistryUnion of Pure and Applied Chemistry The names and formulas used by IUPAC The names and formulas used by IUPAC

are universal throughout the world ndash much are universal throughout the world ndash much like the scientific names used in biology ndash like the scientific names used in biology ndash you you HomoHomo sapienssapiens

This system helps to eliminate language This system helps to eliminate language barriers and problems of communicationbarriers and problems of communication





























































NN22OO33



NaHCONaHCO33

































































NN22OO33



NaHCONaHCO33





Naming Chemical Compounds. Beating The System The system of naming that is used world- wide today...

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