NAME THE KINGDOM 1 5 4 3 2. LIFE ON EARTH There are 5 primary groups of life called kingdoms.There...

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NAME THE KINGDOM NAME THE KINGDOM 1 1 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2

Transcript of NAME THE KINGDOM 1 5 4 3 2. LIFE ON EARTH There are 5 primary groups of life called kingdoms.There...

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LIFE ON EARTHLIFE ON EARTH• There are 5 primary groups of There are 5 primary groups of

life called life called kingdoms.kingdoms.1.1. Monera (bacteria)Monera (bacteria)2.2. Protists (single-celled)Protists (single-celled)3.3. Fungi (yeast, mushrooms)Fungi (yeast, mushrooms)4.4. AnimalsAnimals5.5. PlantsPlants

• We are going to continue to We are going to continue to study the animal kingdom.study the animal kingdom.

BACTERIA BACTERIA andand FUNGIFUNGI

LEARNING GOALLEARNING GOAL

• I will study and learn about the microorganisms bacteria and fungi.

• I will compare bacteria and fungi to plants, animals, and protists.

• I will learn the five kingdoms of living organisms.

WORD BANK

• Sterile- free of any living organism.

• Agar- substance made from algae that looks and feels like gelatin.

• Inoculate- placing a sample on a sterile surface.

PETRI DISHPETRI DISH• What changes do you notice in What changes do you notice in

your petri dish?your petri dish?• Do you see any streaks? What Do you see any streaks? What

caused them to appear?caused them to appear?• What samples are showing the What samples are showing the

most bacterial growth?most bacterial growth?• Is our control growing Is our control growing

bacteria?bacteria?

BREADBREAD• What changes do you notice?What changes do you notice?

• Any colonies?Any colonies?

• If so, what color are they?If so, what color are they?

SMELL?SMELL?• What do you notice about the What do you notice about the

smell?smell?

• Where do you think stinky feet Where do you think stinky feet and other body odors come and other body odors come from?from?

BACTERIA BACTERIA GROWTHGROWTH

BACTERIABACTERIA• What is a colony?What is a colony?

• How many bacteria do you How many bacteria do you think are needed to start a think are needed to start a colony?colony?

• How many bacteria do you How many bacteria do you think are present in the think are present in the smallest colonies?smallest colonies?

BACTERIABACTERIA• Every colony started with a Every colony started with a

single bacterium. When you single bacterium. When you used a swab to transfer it to used a swab to transfer it to the agar, you gave it the the agar, you gave it the conditions it needed to grow conditions it needed to grow and reproduce. Typically, and reproduce. Typically, bacteria reproduce every 20 bacteria reproduce every 20 minutes!minutes!

BACTERIABACTERIA• The process is really very simple. The process is really very simple.

The bacterium simply splits into The bacterium simply splits into two bacteria. It is important to two bacteria. It is important to understand that one bacteria does understand that one bacteria does not give birth to a new little one; not give birth to a new little one; the existing one splits in half to the existing one splits in half to produce two new ones. The old produce two new ones. The old one no longer exists.one no longer exists.

• By the time you can see it, there By the time you can see it, there are about 1 million bacteria in the are about 1 million bacteria in the colony.colony.

1 MILLION1 MILLION• How big is a million?How big is a million?• Could you count to a million?Could you count to a million?• Could we get a million cats in Could we get a million cats in

our classroom?our classroom?• How long does it take for your How long does it take for your

heart to beat a million times? heart to beat a million times? A day? A week? A lifetime? A day? A week? A lifetime? Longer than a lifetime?Longer than a lifetime?

1 MILLION DOTS1 MILLION DOTS• Do you think if we worked Do you think if we worked

together we could make a together we could make a million dots so we could see million dots so we could see what a million looks like?what a million looks like?

INSTRUCTIONSINSTRUCTIONS1.1. Use your pencil to put as many Use your pencil to put as many

dots on your paper as you can in dots on your paper as you can in 2 minutes.2 minutes.

2.2. Count every dot you made after Count every dot you made after time is up (you might want to time is up (you might want to make them in rows and columns make them in rows and columns so they are easier to count).so they are easier to count).

3.3. Then we will see if we made a Then we will see if we made a million as a class.million as a class.

RESULTSRESULTS• Did anyone get a million?Did anyone get a million?

• Did any group get a Did any group get a million?million?

• Did our class get a Did our class get a million?million?

TOTALTOTAL• Based on our total, how long Based on our total, how long

would it take us to actually would it take us to actually make a million dots?make a million dots?

• Remember, we worked for only Remember, we worked for only 2 minutes, so in 4 minutes our 2 minutes, so in 4 minutes our total would double.total would double.

METHODMETHOD• How many dots did we do in 1 How many dots did we do in 1

minute?minute?

• Take 1,000,000 and divide it by Take 1,000,000 and divide it by the number of dots we did in 1 the number of dots we did in 1 minute. That gives us how minute. That gives us how many minutes it would take to many minutes it would take to make 1,000,000 dots.make 1,000,000 dots.

DOT SHEETDOT SHEET• Here is a sheet with 40,000 Here is a sheet with 40,000

dots on it.dots on it.

• How many of these sheets How many of these sheets would we have to stick would we have to stick together to make a display of 1 together to make a display of 1 million dots?million dots?

METHODMETHOD• Divide 1,000,000 by 40,000.Divide 1,000,000 by 40,000.

• Remember, cross out the Remember, cross out the zeros! That makes it 100 zeros! That makes it 100 divided by 4 (much easier).divided by 4 (much easier).

WHY DID WE DO WHY DID WE DO THIS?THIS?

• Every small colony of bacteria Every small colony of bacteria you see in your petri dish has at you see in your petri dish has at least this many individual least this many individual bacteria!bacteria!

• Every colony began with just one Every colony began with just one bacterium.bacterium.

• Why do you think scientists grow Why do you think scientists grow bacteria in agar to study it?bacteria in agar to study it?

BACTERIA BACTERIA REPRODUCTIONREPRODUCTION

BACTERIA BACTERIA REPRODUCTIONREPRODUCTION

• How long do you think it would How long do you think it would take for one bacterium to take for one bacterium to reproduce to become a colony reproduce to become a colony of one million?of one million?

• What other information would What other information would you need to make a you need to make a reasonable prediction?reasonable prediction?

BACTERIA BACTERIA REPRODUCTIONREPRODUCTION

• Bacteria reproduce when they Bacteria reproduce when they reach a certain size. When they reach a certain size. When they reach that size, they divide into reach that size, they divide into two identical new bacteria. The two identical new bacteria. The new bacteria feed and grow until new bacteria feed and grow until they reach the reproduction size, they reach the reproduction size, and then they each divide into and then they each divide into two. Bacteria always reproduce two. Bacteria always reproduce by dividing in two.by dividing in two.

BACTERIA BACTERIA REPRODUCTIONREPRODUCTION

• A bacterium typically divides A bacterium typically divides into two new bacteria every 20 into two new bacteria every 20 minutes!minutes!

BACTERIA BACTERIA REPRODUCTIONREPRODUCTION

• When bacteria divide, it is not like When bacteria divide, it is not like having a baby. When an animal having a baby. When an animal has a baby, the parent is older has a baby, the parent is older than the baby. When bacteria than the baby. When bacteria divide there is no parent, just two divide there is no parent, just two new offspring, called new offspring, called daughtersdaughters. . Both new daughters are the same Both new daughters are the same age.age.

CALCULATE CALCULATE REPRODUCTIONREPRODUCTION

• If you start with one bacterium on If you start with one bacterium on a dish of agar, how many bacteria a dish of agar, how many bacteria will there be in 20 minutes?will there be in 20 minutes?

• Twenty minutes after that?Twenty minutes after that?• After another 20?After another 20?• What is happening to the What is happening to the

population every 20 minutes?population every 20 minutes?

POPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTHTIME (IN MINUTES)TIME (IN MINUTES) NUMBER OF BACTERIANUMBER OF BACTERIA

0 1

20 2

40 4

60 8

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

INDEPENDENT INDEPENDENT VARIABLEVARIABLE

• The independent variable The independent variable (x-axis) is what you know (x-axis) is what you know before the experiment before the experiment starts.starts.

• The time from one cell The time from one cell division to the next.division to the next.

DEPENDENT DEPENDENT VARIABLEVARIABLE

• The dependent The dependent variable (y-axis) is variable (y-axis) is what you find out.what you find out.

• Total number of Total number of bacteriabacteria

1 MILLION1 MILLION

• Keep going with your T-Keep going with your T-chart.chart.

• How long will it take for 1 How long will it take for 1 million bacteria to be million bacteria to be present?present?

1 MILLION1 MILLION• How long does it take a single How long does it take a single

bacterium in ideal conditions bacterium in ideal conditions to multiply to a population of 1 to multiply to a population of 1 million?million?

• How many hours is that?How many hours is that?

• How long will it take to have 2 How long will it take to have 2 million bacteria?million bacteria?

CHALLENGECHALLENGE• How large will a How large will a population of population of bacteria be after 24 bacteria be after 24 hours?hours?

QUESTION FOR QUESTION FOR THOUGHTTHOUGHT

• If bacteria can grow and If bacteria can grow and multiply at such multiply at such incredible rates, why incredible rates, why haven’t they taken over haven’t they taken over the world?the world?

CD-ROMCD-ROMIBTL (Itsy Bitsy IBTL (Itsy Bitsy Thingy Locator)Thingy Locator)

WORD BANK

• Independent variable- what you know before the experiment starts.

• Dependent variable- what you find out during the experiment.