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Name _____________________
Teacher ___________________
Class _____________________
Date ______________________
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California High School Exit Exam
(CAHSEE)
English Language Arts
Note Cards
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What is the literal meaning of each passage? What is the
figurative meaning?
1. The flag fluttered overhead, and the troops cheered.
2. The school bus drove by, and the mother clutched her youngest child tightly.
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1. Literal meaning – The flag fluttered and the troops cheered.
2. Literal meaning – The bus drove by, and the mother held her child tightly.
Figurative meaning – The mother does not want her baby to grow up and leave.
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Use Context clues to define the underlined word:
The disconsolate face of each player told me that this team had lost the game.
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disconsolate – sad; dejected
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Say a word that contains each root.
fid = faith path; pathos = emotions or feelings dict = to say
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Sample answers:
confide
sympathy
diction
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1. What is the denotative meaning of a word?
2. What is the connotative meaning of a word?
3. Give an example of each.
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1. Denotative meaning is a word’s literal meaning.
2. Connotative meaning is a word’s implied or symbolic meaning.
3. Example: Home is a building where a person lives, and home can refer to any place that seems safe and welcoming.
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1. Define compare.
2. Define contrast.
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1. Compare – to show how object or ideas are alike
2. Contrast – to show how objects or ideas are different
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Tell how each feature can add meaning to text.
1. Titles and subtitles2. Photographs and drawings3. Graphs
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1. Titles and subtitles call attention to key ideas and divide reading into chapters or other sections.
2. Photographs and drawings may show the content described in the text or provide an example of the idea discussed in the text.
3. Graphs are a visual representation of information; they make it easier to compare data.
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This graph illustrates the facts in a newspaper article. Write a negative and a positive headline for the article.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
East
West
North
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Sample Answers
Negative: One in Four Students Not Involved in School
Positive: 75% of Students Actively Support Our School
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1. What does it mean to paraphrase?2. Paraphrase the following statement
by your mom: Your bedroom is a mess. You are not
leaving this house until I see a big improvement in there.
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1. To paraphrase means to restate Information in your own words.
2. Example: My mom won’t let me go anywhere until I clean my messy bedroom.
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1. What is a conclusion?
2. What conclusion(s) can you draw from this passage?
The rain poured down. The players and the coach sat in their dugout, wondering if this rain would deprive the seniors of their last chance of revenge.
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1. A conclusion is a statement that is based on the information in the reading. It is a logical summary based on the text.
2. The baseball team is scheduled to play a team that had beaten them earlier in the season (or the previous year).
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Which conclusions(s) are supported by this text? Explain each.
Serena flipped the page on her calendar and sighed sadly. Her brother’s wedding was only one month away, and soon she would have to walk down the aisle in front of everyone in the dreaded dress.
1. Serena was looking forward to her brother’s wedding.
2. Serena will be bridesmaid in her brother’s wedding.
3. The dress is ugly.
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1. Not supported – She sighed sadly when thinking about the wedding.
2. Supported – She will walk down the aisle in front of everyone at her brother's wedding. It is reasonable to assume that she will be bridesmaid.
3. Not Supported – There is a problem with the dress, but the reader is not told the exact nature of the problem.
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Wood High School Bands
Woodwinds Brass Percussion
Marching Band
22 31 12
Concert Band
26 16 7
Pep Band 6 12 2
1. The bands on the table are listed in order. Describe the order.
2. Should the reader assume that the marching band is the best band since it is listed first?
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1. The bands are listed from largest to smallest.
2. No. A misunderstanding of the meaning of a table can result if the reader does not take time to see the pattern.
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1. Define propaganda.
2. What is the purpose of propaganda?
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1. Propaganda is information that is spread to support a cause.
2. The purpose of propaganda is to create an emotional connection between the message and the reader or listener.
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Complete the chart to help the mayor prepare each speech.
Speech Topic
Audience Speech Length
Level of Detail
Tone
Construction of a new senior
citizens’ center
Senior citizens
Traffic Safety
Mrs. Holt’s Third grade
class
Congratulate the cheerleaders for winning the state
competition
Pregame football crowd
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Speech Topic
Audience Speech Length
Level of Detail
Tone
Construction of a new senior
citizens’ center
Senior citizens
Lengthy -one hour
Many details
Upbeat, Excited
Traffic Safety
Mrs. Holt’s Third grade
class
Brief – 10 or 15
minutes
Repetition of 2 or 3 important
rules
Concerned, No-nonsense
Congratulate the cheerleaders for winning the state
competition
Pregame football crowd
Very brief– one minute
Almost none; general
congratulations
Enthusiastic
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1. What is a source?
2. Rank these information sources from most to least reliable:A) An article in a gossip magazineB) A research study from a major universityC) An article in a weekly news magazineD) Information said in a joking manner on a comedy show
3. Is the internet a reliable source of accurate information? Front 14
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1. A source is the origin of data or information.
2. B, C, A, D
3. Internet users must consider the reliability of each website that they read. The internet is made up of websites that range from very accurate to totally false. Consider the source of internet information to determine reliability.
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1. What is comedy?
2. What is tragedy?
3. Give an example of tragedy in literature.
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1. Comedy is literature that aims to amuse and has a happy ending.
2. Tragedy is literature in which events or conditions cause the downfall of the main character (protagonist).
3. Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy.
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1. What is drama?
2. What is dramatic monologue?
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1. Drama is writing that is meant to be preformed by actors; a play.
2. Dramatic monologue is a lyric poem in which one character reveals his or her thoughts about an important situation by speaking them aloud.
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Identify 5 types of conflict in literature.
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Man vs. man
Man vs. nature
Man vs. himself
Man vs. the supernatural
Man vs. society
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1. What is a main character?
2. What is a subordinate character?
3. What details can an author use to reveal character?
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1. A main character is central to and advances the plot and action of a story.
2. A subordinate character has a limited role in the plot of a story, few lines and supports the main character.
3. Name, appearance, actions, speech, thoughts, and reactions of other characters.
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What are the different techniques in which characters reveal traits about themselves in literature, plays, and poetry?
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They reveal traits through narration, dialogue, dramatic monologue, and soliloquy.
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Define theme.
List 3 classic themes in literature.
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• Theme is the literary term for the main idea of a piece of writing.
• Some classic themes:
coming of age, love, people and nature, people and society, alienation
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Define and give an example.• Foreshadowing• Flashback
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• Foreshadowing – the use of hints or clues to suggest what may happen later in the story.– Example: As he entered the dark cave, he sensed that
trouble was just around the corner.
• Flashback – the author visits an earlier time to tell a part of the story– Example: The Ghost of Christmas Past takes Ebenezer
Scrooge back in time to his childhood in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens.
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Simile or Metaphor
1. She was as mad as a hornet.2. Her hair was straw.3. My love is like a red, red rose.4. It hasn’t rained in a month. My yard is
concrete.
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1. Simile2. Metaphor3. Simile4. Metaphor
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Define Symbol and give an example.
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• Symbol – a person or object that stands for something else– Example: As I looked at my old skateboard, I
sighed and went to work. (The skateboard represents youth and freedom.)
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Define irony and give an example.
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• Irony – a literary device in which meaning is contrary to words or actions; there is a mismatch between appearance and reality– Example: “It is as hot as an oven in here!” she
said, shivering.
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1. What is point of view?2. Describe first-person point of view and
third-person point of view.
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1. The perspective from which a story is told is point of view.
2. First person – the narrator experience the story; the narrator uses the word “I”.
Third Person – the narrator observes the story. The third person narrator can be:- Omniscient – know all thoughts and actions of all characters, or
- Limited – knows the thoughts of only one or some characters
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Define each of the following.1. Aside2. Character foil3. Soliloquy
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1. Aside – a comment made by a stage performer that is intended to be heard by the audience but supposedly not by other characters.
2. Character foil – a secondary character whose traits contrast and highlight the main character’s features
3. Soliloquy – a monologue in a drama used to give the audience information and to develop the speaker’s character; it is usually delivered while the speaker is alone on stage.
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Match the author with his or her period of American literature.
A) Realism 1) Anne Bradstreet B) Colonial Literature 2) Washington Irving
C) Transcendentalism 3) Mark Twain
D) Romanticism 4) Ralph Waldo Emerson
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A) Realism (3) Mark Twain
B) Colonial Literature (1) Anne Bradstreet
C) Transcendentalism (4) Ralph Waldo Emerson
D) Romanticism (2) Washington Irving
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How do writers support topic sentences and develop paragraphs?
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• Facts• Examples• Definitions • Compare • Contrast• Anecdote
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Discuss the author’s mood, tone and word choice in this passage from The American Crisis by Thomas Paine.
“These are the times that try men’s souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will in this crisis, shrink from the services of his country; but he that stands it NOW, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph”
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Paine’s mood is one of passion as he urges his fellow Americans to battle tyranny. Paine’s motivating tone that calls for action is illustrated by his word choice that includes action verbs, metaphors and words that evoke strong feelings (e.g., love, tyranny, hell, glorious).
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1. What is a thesis statement?
2. Describe a good thesis statement.
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1. A thesis statement states the main idea of an essay (subject and opinion).
2. A good thesis statement includes the essay’s topic and a specific direction for the paper. It limits the scope of the essay and provides focus for the author and reader.
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1. When is a verb in the active voice?
2. When is it the passive voice?
3. Give and example of the same sentence in the active voice and in the passive voice.
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1. A verb is in the active voice when it expresses an action performed by its subject.
2. A verb is in the passive voice when the action it expresses is performed upon its subject.
3. Example:
Active voice: I threw the ball.
Passive voice: The ball was thrown by me.
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1. Define main idea.
2. What types of supporting evidence can a writer use to develop a main idea?
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1. The main idea is the message or the most important point of a passage. Often the main idea is stated in the topic sentence or in the concluding sentence.
2. A writer can use scenarios, commonly held beliefs, hypotheses, and definitions.
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Match the type of source with its definition.
A) almanac 1) description of how to do
something.
B) news source 2) annual reference book with
lists, tables and data
C) speech 3) information about recent events
D) technical document 4) public address
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A) almanac (2) annual reference book with lists, tables and data
B) news source (3) information about recent events
C) speech (4) public address
D) technical documents (1) description of how to do something
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1. What is revision?
2. List revision strategies.
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1. Revision is altering and improving the content of an essay.
2. Revision strategies1. Organize during prewriting to avoid major revisions.
2. Change or delete sentences that are off topic.
3. Improve word choice.
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1. What is editing?
2. List editing strategies.
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1. Editing is altering and improving the punctuation, spelling, grammar and neatness of an essay.
2. Editing strategies
1. read the paper aloud to discover errors.
2. check each sentence for completeness and end punctuation.
3. check legibility of handwriting.
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What is the purpose of each type of writing?
1. Persuasive2. Expository3. Narrative
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1. Persuasive – to convince the reader
2. Expository – to explain
3. Narrative – to relate an incident; to tell a story
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1. Define style
2. Give an example of a type of writing style
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1. Style is a writer’s unique way of telling a story or informing a reader.
2. Some examples of writing style are flowery, melodramatic, formal, or blunt.
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You would like to go see a movie about World War II. Your parents think it might be too violent for you to see. Which statements strengthen your argument?
A) The movie is rated PG.B) All the other kids are going.C) My history teacher said that we should all see it.D) It only costs $5.00.
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A) Many parents allow high school students to see PG movies. This statement probably strengthens your argument.
B) This statement is a bandwagon propaganda technique. Some parents are impressed, but most are not.
C) The endorsement of a respected person will help your cause with most parents
D) This statement is not helpful. Your parents are concerned about the violence, not the cost.
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1. Define methods of persuasion.
2. List examples of methods of persuasion.
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1. Methods of persuasion are techniques that authors use to convince readers to think, feel, or act in a certain way.
2. Logical appeal• State the facts• State the benefits to the audience• State the author’s expertise
3. Emotional appeal• Connect emotionally with the reader• Give an example from your own life (an anecdote)• Make a comparison that illustrates your point
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What is the correctlayout and punctuationof a business letter?
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Sender’s Address
Date
Receiver’s Address
Dear _____ : (or To Whom It May Concern:)
Body
Sincerely,
Signature
Printed Name
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Use a semicolon to join these sentences in two different ways.
The heat was unbearable.
I went swimming.
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• The heat was unbearable; I went swimming.
• The heat was unbearable; therefore, I went swimming.
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1. When are colons used?2. Which sentences use the colon correctly?
A) Tennis, reading, and swimming: are three of my favorite hobbies.
B) Next summer, we will travel through the following states: South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia.
C) At an airport I like to listen to the many noises: engines roaring, people laughing, luggage rolling, and feet running.
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1. Generally, the colon is used to call the next reader’s attention to what comes next. Some examples of when to use a colon include:
– Before a list of items, especially after words like “as follows” and “the following”
– Before a long, formal statement, or quotation.– After the salutation of a business letter
2. Sentence B and C are correct.
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Which is the main clause and which is the subordinate clause in each of the following sentences?
1. While I was studying, I ate an entire bowl of popcorn.
2. Shana and Jen went to the beach even though the temperature was cool and the sky was cloudy.
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1. subordinate: While I was studying
main: I ate an entire bowl of popcorn
2. main: Shana and Jen went to the beach
subordinate: even though the temperature was cool and the sky was cloudy
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Correct each sentence.
1. I am going shopping, to the skating rink and bicycling this weekend.
2. Shelby asked him to bring the truck and moving the refrigerator.
3. Mom invited the guests, baked a cake and decorates the house to get ready for the birthday party.
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1. I am going shopping, skating, and bicycling this weekend. (parallelism)
2. Shelby asked him to bring the truck and move the refrigerator. (parallelism)
3. Mom invited the guests, baked a cake, and decorated the house to get ready for the birthday party. (parallelism)
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Choose the correct verb in the parentheses:
1. Many (arrives, arrive) early at school each day.
2. The confusion among his students (is, are) understandable.
3. Neither of the girls (wants, want) to visit the art museum today.
4. It (don’t, doesn’t) matter to me if you eat all of the pizza.
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1. Many arrive early at school each day.
2. The confusion among his students is understandable.
3. Neither of the girls wants to visit the art of museum today.
4. It doesn’t matter to me if you eat all of the pizza.
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Correct each sentence.
1. Under the bed Tiffany was happy to find her notebook.
2. The car with the new wheels speed down the road.
3. Last week Jason found a dog in his best jacket.
4. Although the snow is deep, the children with the new sled slides rapidly downhill.
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1. Tiffany was happy to find her notebook under the bed.
2. The car with the new wheels speeds down the road.
3. Jason was in his best jacket last week when he found a dog.
4. Although the snow is deep, the children with the new sled slide rapidly downhill.
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You’re It’s They’re Hers Ours
1. What is the purpose of each apostrophe in three of the words above?
2. Why don’t hers and ours have an apostrophe?
3. What does each contraction mean?
4. Use each contraction in a sentence.
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1. Each apostrophe shows where a letter is missing and creates a contraction.
2. Possessive personal pronouns do not require an apostrophe.
3. You’re = you are
it’s = it is or it has
they’re = they are
4. You’re an excellent student.
It’s hot today.
They’re going to the movies with us.
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1. What is a run–on sentence?2. What is a sentence fragment?3. Label each sentence as a run–on or a fragment. 4. Correct the following sentences:
A) Sheila played the trumpet in marching band they went to the national competition in October.B) Wrote a beautiful poem for the homework assignment.C) Keri, the new girl in my English class from England.D) Max was leaning back in his chair, the chair slipped out from underneath him.
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1. A run–on sentence consists of two or more sentences separated by only a comma or by no mark of punctuation.
2. A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.
3. A) run–on: Sheila played the trumpet in marching band. They went to national competition in October.B) Fragment: Jacob wrote a beautiful poem for the homework assignment.C) Fragment: Keri, the new girl in my English class, is from England.D) Run-On: Max was leaning back in his chair, and the chair slipped out from underneath him.
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Which sentence is correct? What must be corrected in each of the
other three sentences?1. We were going to the movies, but mom said
that we had to wait.2. Dad needed the car to run an errand, and he
don’t know when he will be back.3. Leanna and me played cards for a few
minutes.4. We left for the movies as soon as Dad
returned, and we were there in time for the previews.
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• Sentence 4 is correct.• Sentence 1 has a capitalization error
(Mom).• Sentence 2 has an error in subject-verb
agreement (he doesn’t or didn’t).• Sentence 3 has a pronoun error (Leanna
and I).
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Add punctuation and capitalization.
1. she shouted smokey come here
2. the dog a black terrier came dashing toward her
3. good boy she said come inside now smokey
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1. She shouted, “Smokey, come here!”
2. The dog, a black terrier, came dashing toward her.
3. “Good boy,” she said. “Come inside now, Smokey.”
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