Name, event, dateTim Kasten

United Nations Environment Programme

Urban air pollution a key issue

• WHO estimates more than 1 billion people exposed to outdoor air exceeding maximum recommended levels

• Up to 1 million premature deaths, up to 1 million pre-natal deaths

• Cost of urban air pollution estimated to be 2% of GDP, in developed countries and more than 5% in developing countries (e.g. 7% China, to rise to 13% by 2020)

• Local and global effects (climate change)

• In US almost half of urban residents exposed to harmful levels of ozone;

• In Nairobi, Kenya, lead levels are more than 25 times as high as WHO standards;

• In Shanghai, China, mobile sources are contributing between 70%-90% to air pollution such as CO, NOx, HC and particulates;

• GEF now recognises transport sector as key to CO2 emissions

Urban air pollution a key issue - continued

Urban populations – by Region

Africa

Asia

Europe

LAC Northern America

Oceania0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

Urban populations in 2000, by region

Vehicle Population in Major Indian Cities

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Ahmed

abad

Ban

galore

Chen

nai

Delhi

Hyd

erab

ad

Kolkata

Mumbai

1996

1998

2000

2002

Source: Motor Transport Statistics of India, 2002-03, Govt of India

SIAM

(In ‘000s)

Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (PCFV)

- established at the World Summit on Sustainable Development, August 2002;

- to promote clean fuels and vehicles to address urban air quality

- public – private Partnership- Clearing-House in UNEP

Headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya

PCFV Objectives

• the elimination of lead in gasoline and the phase down of sulfur in diesel and gasoline fuels, concurrent with;

• the adoption of cleaner vehicle technologies

website: www.unep.org/pcfv

Partners

PCFV Activities

• Global level– Clearing House at UNEP HQ– Information collection and

dissemination (incl. website)– Partners network– Working Groups on key issues

• Support to Partners and activities at regional, sub-regional and national levels

PCFV – Substantive Activities

Global Working Groups:- Valve Seat Recession- Octane- Sulfur- Public Awareness

PCFV and Asia

- Increasing activities in Asia in 2005 (PCFV Programme of Work 2005)

- Phase out leaded gasoline in countries still using

- Reduce sulfur levels- Support introduction of clean vehicles

technologies (gasoline : catalytic converters, diesel: PM traps) and clean vehicles

- Cooperation with key players (USEPA, CAI-Asia, ADB, UNEP, SIAM, JPEC, JAMA, ….etc. -- all PCFV Partners or in process of joining)

Information: Website www.unep.org/pcfv

www.unep.org/PCFV