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12.2 Transport systems in plants: xylem

The xylem is the main carriageway for transporting water throughout the plant. It is made of specialised xylem tissue consisting of parenchyma cells, fibres, xylem vessels and tracheids. Transpiration theory, also known as the cohesion-adhesion-tension theory, explains the movement of water and minerals in the vessel.1 Explain the processes occurring at each letter on the diagram.

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Roberts, M., Reiss, M. & Monger, G. (1993) Biology: Principles and Processes. Thomas Nelson. New edition released as Advanced Biology (Nelson Thornes, 2000), © Micheal Roberts, Michael Reiss and Grace Monger 1993, 2000. Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press.

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2 Plants suffering from water stress close their stomata. Explain why the stomata cannot remain closed until the plants have regained enough water to overcome their stress.

3 Identify a way to investigate the amount of water vapour loss in a variety of plants.

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