NAME: __________________________

Carbons with different elements join to make ____MACROMOLECULES__

“Organic” means a molecule contains __Carbon_________

Since carbon has 4 valence electrons it can make __four____ bonds - great for bonding!

The 2 basic shapes of carbon molecules

___RINGS___CHAINS

Word Bank:• Carbon• Four• Straight chains• Macromolecules• Monomers• Polymers• Rings

Many __MONOMERS_Join to make ___POLYMERS__

Dehydration Synthesis(Condensation Reaction)

Built Up

Removing Water

monomers

Polymers

Glucose + fructose Sucrose

Hydrolysis

Broken Down

Adding Water

Polymers

Monomers

Starch Glucose+ glucose+ glucose

Is how larger molecules are

for example

Is how larger molecules are

by by

So bonds inSo bonds can be made between

Are broken down intoTo build up

For example

• Removing water• Polymers• Monomers• Adding water• Built up • Broken down• Starch glucose+

glucose+ glucose• Glucose +

fructose sucrose.

Carbohydrates

Pasta Fruit Milk Sugar

Short Term Energy

DisaccharideMonosaccharide

Starch

Polysaccharide

Galactose

Glucose MaltoseSucroseFructose

Cellulose Glycogen

Glucose Storage Cell Wall Glucose

Storage

Foods

Found in plants for

Means 1 sugar

Different levels of complexity

Used for

Means many sugar

Means 2 sugars

examples examplesexamples

Found in plants for Found in animals for

Chitin

Exoskeleton

Found in arthropods for

• Glycogen• Sugar• Starch• Sucrose

• chitin• Short term

energy storage• Fructose

• Cellulose• Disaccharide• Cell wall • Polysaccharide

• Structure• Energy• Galactose• Fruit

• Glucose• Lactose• 1:2:1• Pasta

• Exoskeleton• Monosaccharide• Milk

Lactose

Lipids

Hydrophobic

(Which means they do not mix with water)

Phospholipid Bilayer

Triglyceride

1. Avacado2.Butter3. Nuts

1. Long Term Energy Storage2. Insulation3.Protection 4.Chemical Signals

Steriods

foods

All lipids are

Are used for

4 groups or classes of lipids are

Made of

Examples

3 fatty acids

Glycerol and

Which can be

UnsaturatedSaturated

Solid at room temp, and contains

Liquid at room temp and contains

Single Bonds

Double Bonds

OILSFATS

have 4 fused rings and makes up

CholesterolProtection

Cardiovascular Disease ( Heart

attack)

Cell MembraneTestosterone

Estrogen

Used for

Hormones

Examples

If there is too much it can lead to

Component of

Waxes

Hydrophobic

Hydrophilic

Goes towards the inside away from water

Goes towards the outside toward water

Lipid word bank:

• Oils• Triglyceride• Hydrophobic• Steroids• Cholesterol• Insulation• Cell membranes• Protection• Testosterone• Unsaturated• Butter• Waxes• Fatty acids• Estrogen• Saturated• Long term energy storage• Hormones• Component of cell membrane• fats

• Avacado• Phospholipids Bilayer • Glycerol• No double bonds between the carbons• Cardiovascular Disease ( Heart Disease)• Hydrophobic Tails • At least one double bond between the

carbons• Cell membrane• Hydrophilic Head• Chemical Signals

Proteins1. Meat 2.Eggs3.Dairy 4. Beans

Denaturation

Determines how the protein will fold

1. pH2. Temperature

Amino Acids

Function

1. Structure 2. Hormones3. Enzymes

Foods

Used for

Shape of protein determines

When the shape changes it is called

Which can be caused by

Made up of

Polypeptide

Peptide Bonds

4° More than one Polypeptide

3° Folding 3D

2° Folding of Amino Acids

1° Order of Amino Acids

Which have the following chemical structure(draw)

The “R” group is the variable side group

To form a protein which is also known as

Build up by forming Organized into 4 levels of structure

Word bank for proteins:• Peptide bonds• 20 amino acids• Proteins• Meat• Hormones (chemical signals) • Denature• Folding of amino acids (alpha helix and beta sheets)• pH• Folding into 3D structure to get function • Structure (hair and nails)• Dairy• Eggs• Beans• More than one polypetide chain • Function• Temperature• Enzymes• Order of amino acids• Determines how the protein will fold

Test for Organic Molecules

Use indicators To Test for

LipidsProteinCarbohydrates

Glucose

Benedicts

Heat

Orange Stays Blue

Iodine

Starch

Copper Dark Purple/ Black

Purple

Buriet

Stays Blue

Waxy

On paper it willMixed with

Mixed with Mixed with

+

Positive results

Positive results

Positive results

Negative results

Negative results

Negative results

Word Bank• Biuret Solution• Heat for 5 min• Orange• Proteins• Stain red• Make it look waxy• Purple• brown

• Blue• Benedict’s Solution• Starch• Simple

monosaccharaides• Iodine• Blue/black

• Lipids• Sudan Red

Enzymes

Proteins

Substrate

Active site

denaturation

tempReduce activation

energy pH

To

Are made of

They function as

Leads to

Causes

Effected byIt works by

What the enzyme binds

In binds in the area called the

Loss of function

Catalyst

• pH• Catalyst • Speed up a reaction

speeds up reactions

• Active site• Denaturation• Loss of function• Reduce activation

energy

• Protein• Temperature• substrate