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Załącznik Nr 3

SUMMARY OF PROFESIONAL ACCOMPLISHEMNTS

1. Name and surname: Dorota Elżbieta Strus.

2. Diplomas, academic degrees – including name, place, date of award and the title

of the doctoral dissertation: Master of Law (Magister Prawa) (1994), Maria Curie-

Skłodowska University in Lublin, the Faculty of Law and Administration, title of the

Master’s thesis: "Prawno-organizacyjne aspekty funkcjonowania notariatu w Polsce"

(Legal and organizational aspects of notary organ in Poland). PhD (Doktor Nauk

Humanistycznych) (April 21st 2004) in political science, the Faculty of Journalism

and Political Science of Warsaw University, doctoral dissertation’s title: Zadania i

organizacja administracji rządowej w Polsce w zakresie ochrony środowiska (Tasks

and organization of government administration in Poland within the scope of

environment protection). The doctoral thesis was written under the scientific

supervision of prof. zw. dr hab. Eugeniusz Zieliński.

Information concerning previous employment in scientific institutions:

1997-2004 – an assistant in the Department of Management in Siedlce School of

Agriculture and Pedagogy.

Since 2004 – an associated professor in the Department of Administration,

Government and Law in the Faculty of Management at Academy of Podlasie in

Siedlce (at present the Faculty of Economic and Legal Sciences at Siedlce University

of Natural Sciences and Humanities)

3. Indication of scientific achievements described in Art.16 Paragraph 2 of the Act

of March 2003 on academic degrees and the academic title, as well as on degrees

and the title in arts (Journal of Laws No. 65, item 595 as amended):

a) Title of the scientific achievement:: „Polityka ekologiczna Polski po akcesji do

Unii Europejskiej”. (The environmental policy of Poland after its accession to the

European Union.)

b) Author, publication title, date of issue, publisher: Dorota Elżbieta Strus,

„Polityka ekologiczna Polski po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej” (The environmental

policy of Poland after its accession to the European Union.), Oficyna Wydawnicza

Aspra-JR, Warsaw 2016, pp. 306, ISBN: 978-83-7545-686-8

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c) review of the scientific purpose of aforementioned thesis and of the obtained

results along with the discussion of their possible use:

The monograph titled „Polityka ekologiczna Polski po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej”

(The environmental policy of Poland after its accession to the European Union) is a

comprehensive analysis, which takes into account the complex process of formation and

implementation of the national policy in the scope of environmental protection after Poland

become a full member of the European Union.

The development of the environmental policy of Poland after its accession to the

European Union evolved in the direction of systematic solutions and the greening of sectoral

policies of the state. It was primarily connected with the process of formation of legal bases

and instruments enabling for an effective achievement of various priority goals.

Taking up the issue of the environmental policy of Poland after its accession to the

European Union was the consequence of a few reasons. First of all, the environmental policy

of Poland after its accession to the European Union illustrates an important role and tasks

undertaken by the state and its institutions in order to ensure the economic growth in

compliance with the principle of sustainable development and taking into consideration the

needs of future generations. It is particularly important in the age of rapid advancement of

civilization, which leads to environmental threats (for example the climate change, the loss of

biodiversity and the decline in energy resources). It should be noticed that the environmental

Policy of Poland in the analyzed period is determined mainly by the legal regulations of the

European Union and the necessity to introduce systematic solutions of an institutional

character, which are aimed at reflecting the implementation of rules and priorities of the

environmental policy of the European Union. Secondly, in the political science literature,

there was any monographic study which includes the analysis of the environmental policy of

Poland after its accession to the European Union. The main goal of the study was to present

the political science analysis in relation to the environmental policy as one of specific policies

of Poland after accession to the European Union.

Thirdly, the choice of the subject matter was influenced by the scientific interests of

the author, which are connected with the issue of environmental protection in the context of

activities of public administration.

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The main assumption made in the study is a view that the environmental policy of

the state has a key role from the point of view of rational and responsible use of

environmental resources and ensures the improvement of the quality of its sectors. It is

possible by perfecting various instruments of environmental policy and an active international

cooperation, as well as the effective control of its realization. The chronological scope of the

study covers the environmental policy of Poland from its accession to the European Union till

2015.

The main aim of the study is to analyze the influence of integration processes over

the formulation of the scope, goals and tasks of the environmental policy of Poland after its

accession to the European Union.

The specific objectives concern the indication and the description of existing

constitutional solutions, supported by numerous ordinary legal acts relating to the protection

of the environment as a whole and its individual sectors, also in the scope of the influence of

legal regulations of the European Union in the field of environmental protection over the

shape of the national legal order in environmental protection. The second aim connected with

the issue of the implementation of the environmental policy is to indicate the constitutional

status and the range of competences of the environmental policy entities from both the

governmental and non-governmental sectors as well as the instruments used in course of their

activity. The further objective is an attempt to assess the effectiveness of the environmental

policy in the context of adopted and implemented planning documents as well as chosen legal,

administrative and economic instruments after the accession to the European Union.

There were three scientific hypotheses which were the object of verification:

First of all, the environmental policy of Poland after its accession to the European

Union evolves taking into account external conditions. It leads to the change of its

contemporary priorities and redirection towards the policy based on the principle of

sustainable development particularly under the influence of processes connected with the

systematic transformation in the context of both political and constitutional shifts as well as

the processes of integration with the European Union.

Secondly, the environmental policy requires cohesion and coordinated activities at all

levels of the organizational structure of the state. It is connected primarily with a well-

planned, not random division of tasks and competences between bodies of public

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administration in the scope of environmental protection and with the implementation of legal,

administrative and social instruments which will enable for an effective achieving of task and

objectives indicated in the environmental policy, which relate to all sectors of the

environment.

Thirdly, the environmental policy of Poland in the analyzed period indicates for the

improvement of the status of management in numerous sectors of the environment.

Integration processes imply public activeness of the state’s institutions in the legislative,

organizational and institutional fields of environmental protection.

The following research methods were used in the study. Firstly, the legal and

institutional method which allowed to analyze numerous legal regulations including

constitutional provisions concerning environmental protection, being a key instrument for the

implementation of the environmental policy of the state. Secondly, the author used also the

comparative method in relation to the analysis of normative bases of the environmental

policy. It enabled to indicate similarities and differences in the process of application of the

European Union’s legislation in the area of environmental protection.

The use of the factor method in relation to the analysis of determinants of the

environmental policy made it possible to indicate the influence of contemporary ecological

threats over actions undertaken by the international community, which are ensured in

numerous documents, resolutions and international legal acts in the scope of environmental

protection. The factor method in the context of the analysis of the processes connected with

the systematic transformation was helpful in identifying changes of the environmental

legislation and changes in the scope of the organizational model of environmental protection.

These changes were the result of implementation and realization of the concept of sustainable

development.

On the other hand, the prognostic method enabled to indicate the perspectives of the

environmental policy of Poland after its accession to the European Union in the scope of

identification of new priorities and directions of its evolution on the basis of the analysis of

key documents which are essential for the implementation of the environmental policy by the

state as well as to draw critical conclusions concerning the implementation of the

environmental policy. Reflections on the status of the management of environmental

resources in Poland after its accession to the European Union were made with the use of

statistical method. It was based on data and information included in the rapports of the Chief

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Inspectorate of Environmental Protection, the Central Statistical Office and the rapport

prepared in 2015 by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, which

was the first rapport assessing the status and the resources of the environment after Poland’s

accession to the European Union.

The application of the statistical method made it possible to claim that the process of

the management of a few environmental resources has been improved.

The following research techniques were used in the study: the analysis of the

literature and the technique of statistical data.

The research methods applied in the study influenced its structure.

The study consists of five chapters.

Chapter one titled „Istota, specyfika i zakres polityki ekologicznej” („The

essence, the specificity and the scope of the environmental policy”) includes the analysis

indicating the shaping of doctrine’s views in relation to defining the environmental policy.

This part also contains the explanation of key concepts such as the environment and

environmental protection. Further reflections concern the process of extracting the

environmental policy as one of sectoral policies of the state taking into account its specificity

and the explanation of key principles on which it is based. In relation to this, the attempt to

identify its character through distinguishing active and passive environmental policy was

made. Analyzing the issues concerning the scope of environmental policy, the author

discussed its subject matter, which, in turn, enabled to its classification into: the policy in the

scope of nature conservation, the policy in the scope of air and climate protection, the policy

in the scope of water resources management, the policy in the scope of land surface protection

and the policy in the scope of waste management. The starting point was the description of the

structure of the environmental policy and the procedure for its enacting on the basis of the

Law on environmental protection. It should be noted that during the period when the national

environmental policy for 2009-2012 with the perspective to 2016 was binding, due to the

amendment of provisions of the Law on environmental protection, made in 2014, the

provisions concerning the national environmental policy were removed, claiming that this was

the last document of this type. In the view of the author, the reference to repealed provisions

is justified for two reasons. The first one in connected with the fact that the legal basis was

amended when document was binding. The second one is the result of the study’s character.

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Chapter two titled „Uwarunkowania polityki ekologicznej Polski po akcesji do

Unii Europejskiej” (“Determinants of the environmental policy of Poland after its

accession to the European Union”) focuses on the indication of the most common

environmental problems which the modern world faces. They are developing successively

having a negative influence over the environment and its natural resources. The other area of

analysis made in this part of a study is a description of various initiatives taken by the

international community for the protection and the improvement of the management of

environmental resources. The important issue discussed in this chapter is the systematic

transformation in the context of political and constitutional changes introduced in Poland after

1989 and in the context of the integration processes connected with becoming a full member

of the European Union. The analysis of abovementioned factors determining the scope,

objectives and priorities of the coming environmental policy concerned the concept of

sustainable development as well. The idea of sustainable development was the object of the

analysis in the context of its origin, defining and in the context of the implementation of the

environmental policy of Poland. The last part of the chapter includes reflections concerning

the evolution of the environmental policy of the European Union with the indication of its

treaty base, key principles and the European Union action programmes in the area of

environmental protection. The attention was also paid on the important strategic documents

adopted at the level of the European Union which form the basis to determine the key priority

objectives of the Union’s environmental protection policy.

Chapter three titled „Podstawy normatywne polityki ekologicznej Polski po

akcesji do Unii Europejskiej” („Normative bases of the environmental policy of Poland

after its accession to the European Union”) contains the analysis of the legal model of

environmental protection in Poland with a special reference to the provisions of the Polish

Constitution. Discussing the legal system of environmental protection in Poland, the attention

was paid to sources of environmental legislation. Among various legal acts, the Law on

environmental protection was distinguished due to its character and significance in the

analyzed system of environmental legislation. The author made also reflections on the

principles which form the basis for the legal model of environmental protection. In the last

part of the chapter, there is the analysis of the most important sectoral regulations of

environmental protection.

The main aim of the analysis carried out in chapter four titled „Realizacja polityki

ekologicznej Polski po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej” (“The implementation of the

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environmental policy of Poland after its accession to the European Union”) is to indicate

the entities of the environmental policy starting with the description of the role of the Sejm,

main and central bodies of governmental administration and bodies of self-government

administration at the level of a commune, a district and a voivodeship in the context of their

tasks and competences. In relation to the entities of the environmental policy, the attention

was paid to entities of non-governmental sector, discussing their constitutional status and

catalogues of their statutory rights in the decision processes connected with environmental

protection. They start with the right to submit notices and applications and end with the right

to participate in proceedings concerning environmental protection. The conditions for the

implementation of the environmental policy are various instruments of administrative and

economic nature. The analysis of direct (administrative) instruments of the environmental

policy made it possible to indicate the existing restrictions in the use of environmental

resources which take the form of bans and orders specified in administrative decisions. On the

other hand, the analysis of indirect (economic) instruments enabled to show that in relation to

preventive functions (for example fees for economic use of the environment) or purely

repressive ones (for example administrative pecuniary sanctions), the state can, within the

scope of execution the environmental policy, stimulate the desired behaviours towards the

environment with the use of such instruments. The last part of the chapter is focused on the

problem of the effectiveness of the environmental policy. The considerations made in the

chapter allowed to identify a few key areas which undermine the efficiency of the

environmental policy. They concern for example the unclear and imprecise division of

competences between policy’s entities situated in the structures of public administration and

are connected with irrational approach of a legislator in the field of the creation of legal

solutions included in environmental provisions.

Chapter five titled „Perspektywy polityki ekologicznej Polski po akcesji do Unii

Europejskiej” (“The perspectives of the environmental policy of Poland after its

accession to the European Union”) consists of three parts. The first part deals with the

analysis of new priorities of the environmental policy which are connected with the accession

processes and the necessity to implement the policy of sustainable development. They result

from the key strategic documents, plans and programmes which are the basis for the

implementation the development policy in the medium and long term perspectives and are

significant for the implementation of the environmental policy. In the same time, the analysis

made it possible to identify the areas of the policy which require numerous changes and

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improvements of legal, institutional and economic nature. In the second part, the object of the

analysis is the issue concerning the improvement of the management of environmental

resources. On the basis of available data (rapports, coverage), the positive effects of

implementation of Union’s legislation and institutional solutions leading to the improvement

of the status of environmental resources can be noticed. The last part of the chapter deals with

directions of the evolution of the environmental policy of Poland after its accession to the

European Union. The conducted analysis in this scope allowed making an assessment in the

scope of the evolution of the environmental policy taking into account the convergence of its

objectives and priorities with the environmental policy of the European Union. Moreover, in a

view of the author, it enabled to prepare a new wording of the environmental policy.

It should be emphasized that the processes connected with the systematic

transformation and the necessity of reorientation of the existing, centralized model of

economic governance in the direction of the creation of market mechanisms and the

integrative processes resulting in Poland's accession to the European Union have started the

changes towards the limitation of a negative impact on the environment and the

acknowledgement of social and economic reasons as equal with environmental reasons. A few

years period of Poland’s membership in the European Union made a major contribution to the

improvement of the status of the environment and the implementation of the idea of

sustainable development, which is confirmed by the amount of the Union’s funds for the

realization of ecological projects. Moreover, as it was noted in the ecological rapport of the

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development of 2015, Poland make an

impressive effort in the scope of the transposition of EU environmental legislation. However,

the process of its implementation is still a great challenge. It is visible at the example of water

management and waste management for which the attention was paid in the study, and which

require a number of improvements. Drawing conclusions which are the result of the analysis

of the environmental policy of Poland after its accession to the European Union conducted in

the study, it is worth to pay attention to a few issues. It seems that the implementation of the

Polish environmental policy in compliance with the conception of sustainable development

has its bases already in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, which provisions should

be acknowledged as a significant progress in the creation of the environmental policy and in

the strategic documents which set the direction of sustainable development policy. It is worth

to note that in 2012 the Council of Ministers enacted two strategies of the development of

Poland - the National Development Strategy until 2020 and the long-term strategy - National

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Development Strategy until 2030 which is known as the third wave of modernity as well as

the strategy: “The energy security and the environment” which is crucial for the

implementation of the environmental policy. In my opinion, the conception of sustainable

development which obliges to take environmental reasons into consideration equally with the

social and economic reasons does not meet such a requirement. The reflections made in the

study confirmed that although it is possible to notice the positive tendency leading to

compatibility between environmental reasons and social reasons in the environmental policy,

which is the result of a strong environmental legislation and the public participation in the

protection of the environment, the economic reasons are in some cases restricted due to

insufficient activities of the state in the scope of, for example, economic benefits for both

public and private entities which are participants of the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme

(EMAS) system. It seems advisable to strengthen the activities towards the policy of

innovation connected with the implementation of pro-ecological technologies based on

science achievements. It would create greater linkage between industry and science. The

necessity to scientification of the environmental policy is vital for the creation and

implementation of the strategy of constant development. It is worth noticing that the Ministry

of the Environment has launched the programme supporting eco-innovation - GreenEvo1

Green Technologies Accelerator, DesignEvo. Such actions are crucial for the development of

the low-carbon economy based on the effective use of resources which has been considered as

one of the most important priorities of the Future of EU Development Policy, implemented on

the basis of the following document: Europe 2020 strategy for smart, sustainable and

inclusive growth which strongly emphasizes the growing importance of knowledge and

innovation.

During the whole period under research when the environmental policy was

implemented by the state, undertaken actions can be assessed as relatively effective. It is

proven by the reduction of the pressure and the negative impact on the environment, the

improvement of its indicators and the increased level of rationality in relation to the

management of environmental resources. Such a positive tendency, which is accompanied by

the gradual implementation of the concept of sustainable development, can be slowed down

1 GreenEvo is a brand which allows chosen Polish small and medium-sized enterprises, within the governmental

support, to gain the access to trainings, market analyses and trade mission for the promotion of the export of their

own environmental technologies. In 2013, the programme included 40 companies which conducted an activity in

the fields connected with the environment and the climate. The participants reported the raise of export for over

50%, turnover for 36% and 40% of them created new work places. The entrepreneurs are chosen by the body

which is headed by the Minister of the Environment. Source: The Ecological Review of Poland, the rapport of

the OECD 2015.

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for at least two reasons. The first one concerns the resignation from the preparation of the key

strategic document which is the national environmental policy. I would like to remind that the

national environmental policy for 2009-2012 with the perspective to 2016 is the last document

of this type. The second reason is connected with the exclusion of the Ministry of the

Environment’s responsibility connected with the creation and implementation of the

environmental policy and entrusting it to the Ministry of Economy in relation to the

implementation of the strategy “The energy security and the environment”. In my opinion, the

conducted analysis of documents does not lead to conclusion that the abovementioned

resignation brought the expected changes connected with the elimination of repeating the

same objectives in numerous other documents, aside from the environmental policy. For

instance, the objective II.6 of the National Development Strategy 2020, defined as the energy

security and the environment, covers the objective specified in a strategy “The energy security

and the environment” which is crucial for the environmental policy. The exclusion of certain

important areas, which were expressed in the environmental policy and which require, as it

was noted in the study, intensified actions such as air protection or noise, can be also defined

as the lack of consequence. This situation may lead to the chaotic, incomprehensive policy of

the state in the scope of environmental protection which is additionally weakened by the legal

chaos, since from the one side the Minister of the Environment was excluded from the process

of creation and implementation of the environmental policy, while on the other side the

amended Act on the divisions of government administration authorities still defines the

Minister of the Environment as the body responsible for the implementation of the

environmental policy in the departments which are headed by him or her - environment and

water management. The indicated factors justify asking the question: what will happen with

the environmental policy? and verifying the definition of the environmental policy proposed

by the author in the chapter one. In a view of the author, the conducted analysis entitles to

narrowing its material scope (to climate policy and the policy in the scope of biodiversity).

In the Polish political science there is not any study, which comprehensively

discusses the issue of the environmental policy of Poland after its accession to the European

Union. Such an approach was aimed at making a scientific contribution to political science

research in this field.

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4. Other research achievements (research activity):

After being conferred the PhD in Political Science title in 2004, my scientific interests

started to concentrate around the following problems:

1. The functioning of self-government administration and its place in the political

system of the state.

2. The administration of environmental protection.

3. Social aspects of environmental protection. Partnership in the public domain

concerning the cooperation of units of self-government with non-governmental

organizations in the scope of exercising public tasks and creating local policy of

environmental protection.

My academic achievements consist of 3 monographs, over 40 publications, including

articles in the research journals and magazines as well as chapters in the reviewed

monographs. I am also a co-editor of scientific publications. My research activity concerning

the institution of self-government is particularly devoted to the structural problems of self-

government administration in Poland and to its place in the public administration bodies’

structure. It is worth mentioning that the model of self-government formed in Poland is the

constantly developing institution, what is undoubtedly connected with emergence of newer

and newer areas being the subject of the public administration activity. It should be noticed

that self-government, as one of structures of public administration, based on the principle of

the state authority's decentralization, became the key entity taking part in exercising the public

authority. In this context, the institution of self-government in the public administration

system was analyzed, pointing to those factors, which determine the shape of the public

administration (including self-government administration) and to those features, which

constitute its core and meaning („Instytucja samorządu terytorialnego w systemie

administracji publicznej”, (The institution of self-government in the system of public

administration in Poland), the paper published in the collective study: Teoria instytucji prawa

administracyjnego, (The theory of institutions of administration law), Polska Akademia Nauk,

Paris 2011, p. 195-203., ISBN 978-83-61236-21-4). Self-government, which was reborn in

90s in Poland, had a strong connection with the tradition and the model of self-government of

the interwar period. The fact of regaining independence by Poland was a vital impulse to

intensify efforts to create a new model of public administration, including self-government

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administration. The abovementioned issue is discussed in the article: „Ewolucja samorządu

terytorialnego w Polsce - teorie, modele i uwarunkowania prawno-ustrojowe” (The

evolution of legal provisions in assessing the influence on the environment) [in:] the

Commemorative Book for the 10th anniversary of the functioning of the Department of

Administration, Government and Law eds. Dorota Strus, Anna Duk-Majewska, Wyd. Aspra,

Warsaw 2014, p. 333-345., ISBN 978-83-7545-567-0 and the article „Tradycje samorządu

terytorialnego w Polsce” (Traditions of self-government in Poland), Przewodnik

Samorządowy, Miesięcznik Samorządu Terytorialnego (The Self-government Guide, monthly

magazine of self-government), January/February 2008 No I/2 (9/10), p. 22-25. The few

decades of existence of self-government administration in Poland seems to be a good occasion

to do some recapitulation. The second stage of decentralization, which was ended in 1998, led

to creation of self-government at the level of districts and voivodeships. The process

connected with establishing districts within local authorities and giving them self-

governmental character was described in the article: „Powiat jako szczebel pośredni w

systemie administracji publicznej” (A district as the indirect tier in the public administration

system), (article published in Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Podlaskiej Nr 82, Seria:

Administracja i Zarządzanie (Scientific Journal of Academy of Podlasie No 82, Series:

Administration and Management) (9) 2009, p. 87-97. ISSN 1730-5306). On the other hand the

issues connected with the creation of voivodeship self-government and its role in the context

of processes connected with regionalization and formation of local development policy were

indicated in the article: „Samorząd województwa i jego rola w kreowaniu polityki rozwoju

regionalnego” (Voivodeship self-government and its role in the creation of regional

development policy) p. 387-395. [in:] the Commemorative Book for the 10th anniversary of

the functioning of the Department of Administration, Government and Law Warsaw 2014,

ISBN 978-83-7545-567-0.

As a subject of my scientific consideration I chose self-government appeal court, an

institution connected to self-government activity, focusing on its initial organizational and

financial relationship with self-government and, at the same time, emphasizing that bringing it

into being is one of the biggest achievements of political changes in Poland in connection

with restoration of self-government administration („Status prawny i rola samorządowych

kolegiów odwoławczych w Polsce” (The legal status and the role of the self-government

appeal courts in Poland)) article in the collective study: Dziesięć lat reformy ustrojowej

administracji publicznej w Polsce (Ten years of structural reforms of public administration in

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Poland), Wyd. Wolters Kluwer, Warsaw 2009, p. 519-532., ISBN 978-83-7601-323-7, ISSN

1897-4392).

The indicated research area corresponds with the issue of changing legal conditions

concerning the legal status of self-government workers in Poland. („Pozycja ustrojowa

pracowników samorządowych w Polsce” (Self-government workers’ constitutional position

in Poland) the article published in the collective study Samorząd terytorialny w Polsce i w

Europie. Doświadczenia i dylematy dalszego rozwoju, (Self-government in Poland and

Europe. Experiences and dilemmas of further development), Bydgoszcz 2009, p. 315-331,

ISBN 978-83-89914-25-5 and the article: „Pozycja prawna pracowników samorządowych w

Polsce” (The legal status of self-government workers in Poland), Roczniki Wyższej Szkoły

Biznesu i Administracji w Łukowie (Volumes of Higher School of Business and

Administration in Łuków) No 4/2008, p. 351-362., ISSN 1734-9109)

The key research area is the issue of environmental protection administration. A

special prominence was given to the analysis of tasks carried out by units of self-government

in environmental protection. Reflections in this scope were made taking into account the

changing internal and external conditions. They primarily concern the changes within the

tasks and competences of bodies of environmental protection administration. The indicated

research area includes also chosen administrative instruments, which are used in the activity

of bodies of environmental protection administration, with a special attention paid to legal

aspects of environmental protection in Poland. These issues were discussed in the paper:

„Akty prawne regulujące ochronę środowiska” (Legal regulations concerning environmental

protection) published in collective study: Studia nad ustrojoznawstwem i administracją

(Studies concerning the state system and administration), Professor Michał Teofil

Staszewski’s Commemorative Book, Wydawnictwo Akademii Podlaskiej, Siedlce 2007, p.

159-170., ISBN 987-83-7051-419-8. “Przepisy prawa ochrony środowiska jako bariera dla

procesów innowacyjnych” (Environmental Protection Law as a barrier to innovation

processes) [in:] Innowacje, a konkurencyjność gospodarki (Innovation and economic

competitiveness), Siedlce 2007, p. 86-99., ISSN 0860-2719. “Prawno-organizacyjne

uwarunkowania oceny oddziaływania na obszary Natura 2000 na tle postanowień

Dyrektywy Siedliskowej” (Legal and organizational determinants of the assessment of

influence on Natura 2000 areas in connection with the Habitats Directive provisions) the

article published in the collective study: Problemy wdrażania systemu Natura 2000 w Polsce

(Problems of implementing Natura 2000 system in Poland) Szczecin-Łódź-Poznań 2013, p.

14

423-433., ISBN 978-83-89696-66-5. “Ewolucja przepisów prawnych w zakresie ocen

oddziaływania na środowisko” (The evolution of legal provisions in assessing the influence

on the environment) the article published in the collective study: Ocena modelu prawnego

organizacji ochrony środowiska w Polsce i na Słowacji (The evaluation of the legal model of

environmental protection administration in Poland and the Slovak Republic), Rzeszów 2012,

p. 424-436., ISBN 978-83-61441-99-1. The article was also published in English:

„EVOLUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT” in the monograph:

„Assessment of legal model of environmental protection in Poland and Slovakia”, Publisher

EQUILIBRIA, 2013, p. 383-394, ISBN978-80-8143-131-9. „Some aspects of Organizational

Structure of Environment Poland [in:] Tiesiska Politika Sabiedribas attistibai, Ryga 2014, p.

22-27, ISBN 978-9984-793-55-9. „Local and Regional Programmes of the Environmental

Policy” [in:] Drosibas nostiprinasanas aktualas problemas: politiskie, socialie, tiesiskie

aspecti. Topical problems of Security Reinforcement: Political, Social, Legal Aspects, Riga

Stradina Universitate, Riga 2015, p. 47-53. ISBN 978-9984-793-72-6. „Local programmes

of environmental as the examples of instruments implementing the environmental

policy” [in:] Self-government in Selected Central and Eastern European Countries

Experiences, Reforms and Determinants of Development (the article received a positive

review and was accepted to publication in 2016).

The analysis of legal and administrative instruments of environmental protection was

complemented with the description of an institution which has a key significance in the

context of funding undertakings in environmental protection. It was discussed in

“Instytucjonalne aspekty finansowania ochrony środowiska w Polsce” (The institutional

aspects of environmental protection funding in Poland), ACTA UNIVERSITATIS

BRUNENSIS IURIDICA No 337 Dny prava-2008-Days of Law, 2. rocnik mezinarodni

konference poradane Pravnickou fakultou Masarykovy univerzity, Masarykova univerzita

Brno 2008, p. 339-347, ISBN 978-80-210-4733-4. „Fundusze ochrony środowiska i

gospodarki wodnej jako instytucja finansująca przedsięwzięcia z zakresu ochrony

środowiska” (Environmental Protection and Water Management Funds as the financing

institution of undertakings from the scope of environmental protection) [in:] Rola samorządu

terytorialnego w prawnym systemie ochrony środowiska (The function of self-government in

environmental protection legal system) scientific editing: J. Bucińska, D. Strus, R. Stec,

Wydawnictwo Oficyna Wydawnicza Aspra-JR, Warsaw 2008, p. 185-201, ISBN 978-83-

7545-046-0.

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Research on the functioning of public administration in environmental protection

includes the issues of tasks and competences of bodies of environmental protection

administration. They mainly refer to self-government administration. The issue concerning

the increase of the scope of tasks carried out by local and regional authorities in

environmental protection is justified in the context of the principle of decentralization of

public administration. The assignment of tasks concerning environmental protection to units

of self-government is undoubtedly reasonable due to quick recognition of threats which leads

to actions eliminating or limiting the negative influence over the environment and its

resources. However, the phenomenon of random distribution of competencies between

various bodies of public administration, which is visible since 2006 (in connection with

enactment of a number of acts concerning competences), should be assessed negatively.

Abovementioned issues were objects of research published in collective studies and scientific

papers: “Zadania samorządu terytorialnego w ochronie środowiska” (Tasks of self-

government in environmental protection) [in:] Bezpieczeństwo, Integracja, Regionalizacja,

(Security, Integration, Regionalisation), Prof. Julian Skrzyp’s Commemorative Book,

Wydawnictwo Akademii Podlaskiej, Siedlce 2006, p. 129-145., ISBN 83-7051-607-6.

“Zadania gminy w zakresie ochrony środowiska” (Commune's tasks in the scope of

environmental protection), Roczniki Wyższej Szkoły Biznesu i Administracji w Łukowie

(Volumes of Higher School of Business and Administration in Łuków) No 3/2007, p. 245-

260, ISSN 1734-9109. “Ukształtowanie zadań i kompetencji organów administracji

samorządowej w ochronie środowiska po reformie ustrojowej państwa” (The formation of

tasks and competences of public administration bodies in environmental protection after the

structural reforms of the state) [in:] Zadania organów administracji rządowej i samorządowej

w zakresie ochrony przyrody, gospodarki leśnej, łowieckiej oraz ochrony środowiska (Tasks

of the government and self-government administration in environmental protection, forest

economy, hunting economy and environmental protection), Warsaw 2009, p. 171-183., ISBN

978-83-7545-145-0. “Zadania realizowane przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego w

ochronie środowiska”, (Tasks executed by units of self-government in environmental

protection) the paper published in Administracja Publiczna, studia krajowe i

międzynarodowe, National and International Studies Public Administration, No 1 (19) 2012,

p. 95-113., ISSN 1730-5306. “Właściwość organów jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w

tworzeniu i funkcjonowaniu niektórych forma ochrony przyrody” (Competences of bodies

of the self-government units in creating and functioning of certain environmental protection

forms) [in:] Administracja publiczna a ochrona przyrody. Zagadnienia ekonomiczne,

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społeczne i prawne (Public administration and environmental protection. Economic, social

and legal issues), scientific editing: M. Górski, M. Niedziółka, R. Stec, D. Strus,

Wydawnictwo Agencja Reklamowo-Wydawnicza Arkadiusz Grzegorczyk, Warsaw 2012, p.

165-175., ISBN 83-86902-18-3.

It should be emphasized that the issue concerning the changes in distribution of tasks

and competences of bodies of environmental protection administration is justified in

connection with the tendency to create specialized structures of public administration in

environmental protection, which can be observed in Europe. It led to the creation of new

bodies of public administration at the central level - the General Director for Environmental

Protection and bodies at the territorial level (situated in the structure of voivodeship bodies of

non-combined administration) - Regional Directors for Environmental Protection. They were

established in 2008 on the basis of the Act of 3 October 2008 on Providing Information on the

Environment and Environmental Protection, Public Participation in Environmental Protection

and on Environmental Impact Assessment. The abovementioned bodies were included by the

Polish legislator to the catalogue of environmental protection bodies and to the catalogue of

nature conservation bodies in order to improve the system of environmental management.

Such an issue was analyzed in the collective study which I also co-edited: “Wybrane zadania

i kompetencje Generalnego Dyrektora Ochrony Środowiska i Regionalnych Dyrektorów

Ochrony środowiska w ochronie przyrody” (Selected tasks and competences of the General

Director for Environmental Protection and Regional Directors for Environmental Protection

in nature conservation) [in:] Człowiek, a środowisko - uwarunkowania społeczno-prawne,

(Human and environment – socio-legal determinants), Warsaw 2010. p. 372-386., ISBN 978-

83-264-0660-7, ISSN 1897-4392.

The next areas of my research interests are social aspects of environmental protection

and the cooperation of self-government bodies with non-governmental organizations in the

process of the implementation of public tasks and the creation of a local policy of

environmental protection. It should be emphasized that the indicated area corresponds with

the issue of partnership in the public domain. Building relations between public and non-

governmental sectors is an important element of the governing process which certainly

contributes to the increase of the effectiveness of public services. The analysis of social

aspects of environmental protection plays a key role in the complex process of environmental

management with the participation of various public entities. The public participation in

environmental protection should be, in the first place, connected with the institution of an

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access to information on the environment and public participation in the proceedings

concerning environmental protection. Public participation in environmental protection is

possible at the stage of planning and programming environmental protection activities by

authorized entities. It is worth adding that the abovementioned institution is one of the canons

of civil society and, assumedly, should be used to execute the transparency rule in the process

of making decisions about environmental protection by authorized entities of public authority.

These issues were discussed in a few studies: „Dostęp do informacji publicznej na

przykładzie dostępu do informacji o środowisku” (The access to public information at the

example of the access to information on the environment) [in:] Przegląd dyscyplin

badawczych pokrewnych nauce prawa i postępowania administracyjnego (Review of

scientific disciplines homologous to legal science and to administrative procedure),

Wydawnictwo KUL, Lublin, 2010, p. 109-121., ISBN 978-83-7702-103-3. “Instytucja

udziału społeczeństwa w postępowaniach z zakresu ochrony środowiska” (The institution of

social participation in environmental protection proceedings) [in:] Społeczny wymiar

regionalizacji (The social dimension of regionalisation), Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu

Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach, Siedlce 2013, p. 333-341., ISBN978-83-7051-

716-8. „Partycypacja społeczna w ochronie przyrody” (Social participation in nature

conservation) [in:] Prawne aspekty gospodarowania zasobami środowiska (Legal aspects of

the management of environment resources), Dom Organizatora, Toruń 2015, p. 357-367.,

ISBN 978-83-72-85-767-5.

Research concerning cooperation between public authorities and non-governmental

entities was undertaken in “Aktualne problemy współpracy jednostek samorządu

terytorialnego z organizacjami pozarządowymi” (Present-day problems of the cooperation

between self-government units and non-governmental organisations) [in:] Internacjonalizacja

administracji publicznej (Internationalisation of public administration), Warsaw 2015, p. 443-

451., ISBN 978-83-264-8088-1, ISSN 1897-4392. “Współdziałanie jednostek samorządu

terytorialnego z organizacjami pozarządowymi w procesie kreowania polityki publicznej w

ochronie środowiska” (The cooperation of self-government units with non-governmental

organization in the process of creation of public policy concerning environment protection)

[in:] Partnerstwa w sferze publicznej (Partnership in the public domain), Wydawnictwo

Naukowe Scholar, Warsaw 2014, p.179-191., ISBN 978-83-7383-741-6. The conducted

research indicates key barriers for the cooperation between self-government units and non-

governmental organizations. They have both subjective and objective character and occur on

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the both cooperating sides. The undertaken analysis led to conclusion that the cooperation is

unsatisfactory. The field research (surveys for representatives of public administration mainly

at the commune and district level from Siedlce and neighbouring communes and districts)

conducted in 2015 concerning the cooperation of self-government administration with the

representatives of the 3rd

sector, despite numerous imperfections indicate for a successive

improvement in the scope of local and regional authorities’ cooperation with the non-

governmental sector in public services. They were published in the article: “Relacje organów

jednostek samorządu terytorialnego z organizacjami pozarządowymi w zakresie

wykonywania zadań publicznych” (Relations of self-government units with non-

governmental organizations in the scope of exercising public tasks), (the article received a

positive review and was accepted to publication in Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków

Międzynarodowych O. L. Polska Akademia Nauk (TEKA Commission of Political Science

and International Affairs Lublin Branch of Polish Academy of Science), confirmation of

articles’ acceptation to publication is in the attachment). The abovementioned issue was also

discussed in: “Wybrane aspekty współpracy jednostek samorządu terytorialnego z

organizacjami pozarządowymi” (Chosen aspects of cooperation between units of self-

government and non-governmental organizations) which was published in Zeszyty Naukowe

Bezpieczeństwo i Administracja, (Scientific Journals Security and Administration), No 4(4),

Warsaw 2014, p. 66-74. ISSN 2353-8872.

In the context of reflections made in the monograph indicated as a main scientific

achievement titled: „Polityka ekologiczna Polski po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej” (The

environmental policy of Poland after its accession to the European Union) the article titled:

„Koncepcja zrównoważonego rozwoju w polityce ekologicznej państwa. Wybrane aspekty

(The concept of sustainable development in the national environmental policy. Chosen

Aspects) was written. The article received a positive review and was accepted to publication

in the collective study: Prawo i polityka ochrony środowiska w doktrynie i praktyce (Law and

policy of environmental protection in the doctrine and in the practice) (confirmation of

acceptation of the article to publication is in the attachment).