1. Jo Gakonga

2. What has grammar teaching ever done for us?

3. Why does teaching grammar get a bad press?

4. Illustrations from Jan, J.M. & Olla, R. (1950) El Ingls Prctico; Comercio, Exmenes y Viajes, Buenos Aires: Academias Pitman.

5. Do we need to teach grammar at all?

6. Catherine Walter IATEFL Plenary 2011 Should we be planning to teach grammar? http://iatefl.britishcouncil.org/2011/sites/iatefl/files/session /documents/walter_grammar_iatefl2011_handout.pdf

7. Do we need to teach anything?

8. Krashen's Input Hypothesis (1977)

9. "Language acquisition does not require extensive use of conscious grammatical rules Stephen Krashen

10. "Acquisition requires meaningful interaction in the target language in which speakers are concerned not with the form of their utterances but with the messages they are conveying and understanding."

11. "The best methods are therefore those that supply 'comprehensible input' containing messages that students really want to hear.

12. "The best methods are therefore those that supply 'comprehensible input' containing messages that students really want to hear. i+1

13. Monitor theory

14. Introduced in 1965 to give English speaking Canadian children a chance to learn French

15. Practice" is replaced by "creative construction. Learners encouraged to experiment with linguistic forms.

16. Errors are not seen as bad

17. Canadian immersion studies (Swain 1985; Genesee 1987).

18. The result?

19. Immersion students often perform as well as native French-speaking students on tests of reading and listening comprehension in French.

20. However, they seldom achieve the same high levels of competence in speaking and writing as they achieve in comprehension.

21. Three problems: Grammar is less complex and less redundant than that of native speakers. Their grammar is influenced by English grammar. Their use of language is often non-idiomatic

22. BUT..

23. Of significance for ESOL learners

24. Common ground

25. Significant amounts of exposure A real need to communicate (Paucity of opportunity to speak?) Common ground

26. So, explicit teaching is necessary.

27. Should we forget grammar and only teach vocabulary? Vocabulary is arguably more important

28. Should we forget grammar and only teach vocabulary? Michael Hoey Lexical Priming

29. Should we forget grammar and only teach vocabulary? Lexical Approach Michael Lewis

30. Should we forget grammar and only teach vocabulary? ..but do they get enough exposure?

31. Evidence to support grammar teaching?

32. meta-analysis Norris and Ortega (2000)

33. meta-analysis Gass and Selinker (2008)

34. meta-analysis Spada and Tomita (2010)

35. Other reasons to teach grammar?

36. Conscious knowledge of grammar is seen to help at Ellis 1994 different stages.

37. Pretty much all course books based on it

38. Learners expectations

39. Seen as very traditional but

40. Different / less traditional approaches all include grammar

41. Task Based Learning Jane and Dave Willis

42. Learners do task and rehearse their language to present to group Learners present what they have practised Teacher gives input on the gap.

43. Task Based Learning Language Output input

44. Proponents of task-based teaching all argue for a place for pre-planned grammar instruction in a TBI framework. Skehan, 2003; Willis & Willis, 2007; Ellis, 2006

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