FINAL REPORT

National Agricultural Innovation Project(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)

Title of Sub-project:

Holistic approach for improving livelihood security through livestock based farming

system in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P.

Name & Address of Organization (CL)

Director

Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar

Bareilly

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Photographs not more than

two

Organizations

2014

Inside Cover Page

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Citation :

Copyright : Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)

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Published by : Name, Designation, Address, Phone, Fax, E-mail, Website

Edited by :

Compiled by :

Hindi translation :

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Sub-project code:

Component-

2012

Foreword

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Preface

India is bestowed with a complex diversity of climate and soil along with its rich flora and fauna because of the fact that the geographical area of India spreads over a distance of more than 329 million hectares. Northern plains of India is thickly populated since centuries and bestowed with nature’s gift of thick alluvial soil of Gangatic basin, 3 distinct climates and a range of perennial rivers. The agriculture is the mainstream of livelihood security in the area. The production of all the crops is below the expected levels and main reasons are high input costs, lower seed replacement rate, poor profitability and unavailability/unawareness of suitable technological advancements. This has resulted into large exodus of youth from the area in search of suitable livelihood security. Livestock is integral part of rural households and comprise mainly bovines. The non-descript germplasm with very low productivity; generally serve the family need or subsidiary income. The rapidly increasing family size and its disintegration are reducing family land holding pattern. The scenario clearly indicates that agriculture with such lower land holding pattern cannot be a source of sustainable livelihood security with the traditional practices. The main focus of technological development is on increasing the production and naturally the main target are small and large farmers who can afford high input technologies, have economical land holdings and can absorb risk to certain extent. However, the main portion of population is either landless or marginal and comprise together about 63-67% of rural masses. Un-productive subsidies and un-planned/ focused developments is resulting in problems of manpower in agriculture sectors.

In the present sub-project of the World Bank funded National Agricultural Innovative Project, two backward districts in UP as identified by the Planning Commission of India, viz Barabanki and Raebareli were selected for the study. The widespread poverty and lack of reasonable livelihood options are major challenges. An attempt has been made through the present work to develop low input- highly profitable technologies and addressing the chronic problems eluding satisfactory solutions as infertility, mastitis, universal bio-enhancers, VAM multiplication, raising crops at higher p H and best suited methodology for resource generation to diversify the livelihood base.

We dedicate the present work to Dr. G. Kalloo (Former DDG- Crops & Horticulture, ICAR & Former VC, JNKVV, Jabalpur), Dr. S.K. Dwivedi (Former Director, NRCE, Hissar & Expert Member, CAC) and Dr. A.P. Srivastava, NC-3, NAIP). They guided, helped and participated at crucial stages without which it was not possible. We convey our thanks to eminent scientists who helped us during the period, particularly Dr. Sushil Kumar (Chairman, CAC), Dr. S.A.H. Abidi, Dr. Ramesh Chandra. Dr. D.K. Sharma (Director, CSSRI). I am indebted to all the Directors of IVRI during the period (consortium leader) for their uninterrupted support. I thank all my CCPI for a new work culture viz. cohesive mode of action.

R.B. RaiConsortium Principal Investigator

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CONTENTS

No. of pagesForeword -by CLPreface -by CPI

1-2 pagesExecutive Summary/ Key words 3-4 pagesPart-I: General Information sub-project 2 pagesPart-II: Technical Details

1. Introduction 1 page2. Overall Sub-project Objectives ½ page3. Sub-project Technical Profile 1 page4. Baseline Analysis 1 page5. Research Achievements 20-25 pages6. Innovations 1-2 pages7. Process/Product/Technology Developed ½ page8. Patents (Filed/Granted) ½ page9. Linkages and Collaborations ½ page10. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Aspects ½ page11. Constraints, if any and Remedial Measures Taken ½ page12. Publications 1 page13. Media Products Developed/Disseminated ½ page14. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc. organized ½-1 page15. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio

talks, etc. ½-1 page

16. Foreign Trainings/Visits ½ page17. Performance Indicators ½-1 page18. Employment Generation ½ page19. Assets Generated ½-1 page20. Awards and Recognitions 1-2 page21. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability ½ page22. Possible Future Line of Work ½ page23. Personnel 1-2 pages24. Governance, Management, Implementation and

Coordination2-3 pages

Part-III: Budget and its Utilization 1 page

Part-IV: Declaration 1 page

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Executive Summary

The present project “Holistic approach for sustainable rural livelihood security through

livestock based farming system in Barabanki & Raebareli districts of U.P.” was initiated in June,

2009 with the aim of developing innovative low input- highly profitable technologies, their

integration and highly profitable models of integrated farming system.

A base line survey was done in 42 villages covering 15% households. The productivity and

profitability of the existing cropping/ farming systems was very low and unable to provide

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reasonable level of livelihood security. The area contained 30.26% households as landless,

33.82% as marginal, 26.97% as small and only 8.95 % families as large farmers. The annual

income from the farming system was Rs.14618/- for landless, Rs 26792/-for marginal and Rs.

50714/- for small farmers. The average family size was 7.1. The pre-dominant cropping patterns

were paddy-wheat, paddy- mustard-mentha and paddy- pulses. The cost: benefit ratio averaged

1.5. The bovines were non-descript, low milk producers and reared for subsidiary income. Out of

42 villages only 62 farmers were practicing seasonal vegetables with average land holdings of

0.15 ha. Goats were reared by 100-150 families with flock size of 1.4 under extensive system for

subsidiary income. Poultry, sheep and pigs in any form was raised by farmers. Raebareli districts

has vast stretches of sodic land with pH ranging from 9.0-10.5 and the reclaimed land through

gypsum based technology by UP Bhumi Sudhar Nigam was very poor in biological activities and

showed very poor yield of susceptible crops like wheat . There was no cash crop grown in the

project area. The overall conclusion of the base line survey was: very poor productivity and

profitability, lack knowledge technological advancements, lack of suitable livelihood models and

wide spread poverty. The vulnerability of landless and sub-marginal farmers was evident.

In this background the present sub-project, funded by the World Bank was undertaken.

During the period between June 2009- March, 2014, a total of 65 villages in these 2 districts

covering 5940 families were educated and intervened. The major initial problems were lack of

farmers faith due to past bad experiences, un-suitability’s of existing technologies for such small

land holdings (particularly sizeable landless families), lack of risk taking capacity being resource

poor, the existing socio-economic penury and menace of monkeys and blue bulls.

To overcome the problems series of innovative low input highly profitable technologies were

developed, evaluated and intervened. To reduce the menace of blue bull, a wildlife protected

animal, concept of increasing the stake and diluting the risk was implemented. To overcome the

anestrous/ infertility problems in bovines which severely hampers up-gradation of germplasm

and profitability, a new safe highly economical and orally fed mineral based technology was

developed and intervened. The estrous induction rate was above 85% and it promotes follicle and

corpus luteum development and thus, restores natural estrous in the animals. Besides, it tones

uterus for conception and therefore, early embryonic mortality is avoided. The technology was

intervened in 10000 animals during the period. Though, many farmers were reluctant to get their

animals conceived before 4-5 months of calving due to fear of reduction in milk, still the inter-

calving period in cows was reduced to around 15.0 months in and in buffaloes 17.0 months in

continuously intervened animals. The increase in number of lactation was 68% with

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corresponding calf borne. The technology is popular and now commercialized to cater the need

of the country.

Mastitis is another problem, particularly in highly yielding milch animals, and

jeopardizes the whole livelihood if based on small dairy units. There was no satisfactory

prevention measure and the standard treatment available is costly and does not restore the milk

yield fully in affected milch animals. A low cost innovative, orally fed preventive measure was

developed which not only prevent the occurrence but effectively treat the condition and milk

restoration is 80-90%. The technology has been commercialized.

Mass vaccination, popularized amongst the farmers resulted in almost insignificant

morbidity and mortality in bovines. Periodic deworming and introduction of high yielding

perennial grasses as CO-3 & CO-4 increased the availability of green fodder round the year.

Another significant impact was created through a new innovative technology viz. new

rural poultry production technology in which the backyard birds of suitable strains are reared in

the batches of 250-300 chicks at 2-2.5 months intervals in shelters and integrated with in situ

Azolla microphylla cultivation and feeding with partial grazing and supplementations. The

evaluation and interventions with over 93000 chicks in 985 families clearly established it as best

tool for resources generation, self employment and poverty alleviation. These birds when

integrated with nearby plantations and to certain vegetables, they acted as very effective

biological control agent.

A new beginning has been made in reclamation of degraded lands, mainly sodic land (though

equally effective in normal, sodic-saline, saline, acid-saline also). The reclamation of sodic land

is being done by non-renewable gypsum based technology of which the solubility is only 0.2%

and re-claimed land is as good as barren for 3-5 years due to lack of biological activities in the

soil. In the present project, a different approach was taken. We isolated endophytes from the

rhizosphere of grasses at pH 9.8-10.4 and evaluated them for their salt tolerance, nutrient uptake

and resistance against soil borne diseases. Two isolates of Bacillus viz. B. pumilus and B.

subtitis and one isolate of Trichoderma harzianum showed promising results. While Bacillus

spp. increased the nutrient uptake by the plants (21-34%), Trichoderma spp. controlled the soil

borne diseases. The K uptake by plants was higher than Na and thus, impact of sodicity on the

plant was negligible. The large scale validation and interventions on various crops viz. paddy,

wheat, banana, okra, tomato, capsicum, gladiolus etc, showed 10-24 % higher yield, no wilt and

interestingly controlled false smut in paddy. Crops like wheat, banana etc. can be taken up to pH

9.0. We developed a very low cost patented common media using naturally and commonly

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available waste by- products which not only supported the growth of Bacillus & Trichoderma

simultaneously, but the career used becomes a rich source of nutrients for foliar spray. The

technology has been commercialized as CSR-BIO and is reaching all parts of the country.

Furthermore, we developed common low cost media to support the growth of VAM (Glomus

clarum), B. subtilis and B. coagulans isolates obtained from further higher pH and this

consortium of microbes is supporting crop growth up to p H 9.5. This product/technology we

named as CSR-BIO-II and is under the process of patenting/commercialization. This whole

approach of microbial reclamation based on substrate dynamism has been named “Rhizosphere

Engineering”. This new technological approach is cheaper and allowing direct crop growth up to

pH 9.0/9.5 and saving at least one year time in comparison to traditional gypsum based

technology.

By integrating all the technologies, new specialized integrated farming system (SIFS)

models have been developed on new concept. The models are highly profitable and contain 4

components viz. basal crops (cereals/plantation/ dairy/apiculture etc) to support the system,

medium duration cash crops (banana/ papaya/ goat/pig etc), short or super short duration cash

crops (cut flowers as gladiolus, off season/seasonal vegetables/ rural poultry/ milk etc.) and value

addition in the system (increasing soil organic carbon, bio-fertilizers, bio pesticides etc). Under

these models banana, off season tomato cultivation, dairy (opening at negligible initial cost) and

rural poultry are highly popular. While crops provided about Rs. 1.5-2.0 lakhs per 0.24 ha per

annum, the rural poultry gave Rs. 0.8-1.0 lakhs per annum to landless farmers.

Part-I: General Information of sub-project “Holistic approach for improving livelihood

security through livestock based farming system in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of

U.P.”

1. Title of the Sub-project: Holistic approach for improving livelihood security through livestock based farming system in Barabanki and Raebareli

districts of U.P.2. Sub-project Code: NAIP-C-3 (SRLS-III) 3rd Call-6/2009

3. Component: III

4. Date of sanction of sub-project: April, 2009

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5. Date of completion: March, 2014

6. Extension if granted, from _________________________to__________________

7. Total sanctioned amount for the sub-project: 531.16639

8. Total Expenditure of the sub-project:

9. Consortium Leader:

Director, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P.

Telephone no. : 0581-2303163, Fax No. 0581-2303284

Website: http://rurallivelihood-ivri.org/

10. List of Consortium Partners:

Name of CPI/ CCPI with designation

Name of organization and Address, Phone & Fax, Email

Duration

(From-To)

Budget

(Rs. Lakhs)

CPI Dr. R.B. Rai, Principal Scientist

Division of PathologyI.V.R.I. Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P.Phone : 09411699408 Fax No. 0581-2303284Email: drrbrai@yahoo.co.in

April,2009-March, 2014

258.52489

CCPI1 Dr. T. Damodaran, Senior Scientist

CSSRI-RRS, LucknowOpp. Kanshi Ram Smarak, LucknowPhone: 09198149968Fax No. Email: damhort2002@yahoo.com

July, 2009-March, 2014

99.32990

CCPI2 Dr. R.A. Ram Principal Scientist

Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Lucknow-227 017, India0522-2841022, 09415459464 (Fax)- 91-522 – 2841025raram_cish@yahoo.co.in

April,2009-March, 2014

41.30560

CCPI 3 Dr. B. Rai, Principal Scientist

PC unit, CIRG,Makhdoom P.O. Farah-281 122, Mathura (U.P.)Phone: 91-565-2763260 Ext.-207 (O), 91-565-2763354 (R) (M)9758197615Email: brai21464@gmail.com

April,2009-March, 2014

34.07350

CCPI 4 Dr. D.P.Singh, Principal Scientist

CARI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122Phone: 09457160431

April,2009-March, 2014

55.64980

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Email:dpscari06@gmail.com

CCPI 5 Mr. Tushar Singh, Secretary General

Agri-Plus International (NGO),D-4/55, Sector 15, Rohini Delhi- 85Ph. 011-7296467,Mob. 09811523590jaipd1960@yahoo.com

April, 2009- April, 2012

7.95920

CCPI 6 Mr. Sunil Mishra, Secretary

Shiv Sahitya Parishad, Vill. & Post- Kumhrawan, Lucknow

e-mail:s.s.parishad@gmail.com

April, 2009- April, 2012

34.32350

CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator

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11. Statement of budget released and utilization partner-wise (Rs in Lakh):

CPI/ CCPI Name, designation &

address)

Total Budget

Sanctioned

Fund Released(up to Closing Date)

Fund Utilized(up to Closing Date)

CPI Dr. R.B. Rai, Principal Scientist, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P.

258.52489

CCPI1 Dr. T. Damodaran, Senior Scientist, CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow

99.32990

CCPI2 Dr. R.A. Ram Principal Scientist,CISH, Lucknow

41.30560

CCPI 3 Dr. B. Rai, Principal Scientist, CIRG, Makhdoom, Mathura,

34.07350

CCPI 4 Dr. D.P.Singh, Principal Scientist, CARI, Izatnagar, Bareilly

55.64980

CCPI5 Mr. Tushar Singh, Secretary General, Agri-Plus International (NGO),

7.95920

CCPI6 Mr. Sunil Mishra, Secretary, Shiv sahitya parishad (NGO)

34.32350

Total 531.16639

CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator

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Part-II: Technical Details

1. Introduction The present project was undertaken to develop sustainable rural livelihood models for

gangatic plains using the need based low input technologies which can provide maximum

profitability. During our own and surveys conducted by various groups many critical gaps

limiting the profitability of existing system of livelihood, based on integrated farming

system, were identified for which the satisfactory and affordable remedial measures were not

existing. The existing cropping pattern using the high input technologies were not very

profitable. Efforts made by various governmental agencies had little or lesser than desirable

effect due to lack of suitable technologies. The family’s income was miserable and it affected

whole livelihood security scenario. Migration of youth is a common phenomenon in the

region. Due to explosive human population growth, the family landholding is unsatisfactory.

Nearly 30% population is landless or having less than 500m2 cultivable land. About 37-38%

population is marginal farmers comprising about half as sub-marginal, which will become

nearly landless in next two decades. It is a well established fact that smaller landholdings are

unprofitable. The integrated farming system models being practiced are sustainable but

profitability is poor. Farmers opted mono-cropping system but whenever faced climatic

vagaries, they lost hopes. Therefore there was an urgent need to develop highly profitable

models of farming system, suiting to the socio-economic penury which can absorb the

climatic vagaries and provide optimum profitability, besides being affordable to resource

poor farmers. The typical problems with multiple causes, like widespread anestrous/

infertility in bovine, mastitis always threatened the hard labour put in the livelihood ventures.

Lack of suitable resource generation method for creating their own livelihood security was

lacking. The sodic/ degraded land , which are being reclaimed by State Government using

gypsum based technology, lack organic carbon and biological activities at desired level. Thus

the reclaimed land is as good as barren land for 3-5 years due to lower productivity.

In this scenario, the present sub-project was undertaken and 2 backward districts viz.

Barabanki and Raebareli, identified by the Planning Commission of India, were chosen.

2. Overall Sub-project Objectives

a. To develop specialized integrated farming system models as self-sustaining and high producing system,

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b. To generate awareness in the communities for common water body management, surface run off harvesting and management of sustainable irrigation system.

c. To enhance livestock productivity through improvement of germplasm, fodder, reproductive efficiency, health management and improved germplasm production.

d. To promote organic production system for improving per unit productivity,

economics, soil health, etc.

3. Sub-project Technical Profile

There are seven key partners in the proposed project i.e. IVRI, CARI, CIRG, CISH, SSP, Agri-plus and CSSRI-RRS . The specific role to be played by each of the organization is discussed below.

IVRI:

Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, will play the role of consortium leader, coordinating the activities of all the consortium partners. IVRI will also be involved in the following specific activities:

Conducting Infertility camps using a non-hormonal, mineral- based new technology in the project area to identify various types of reproductive problems and infertility in the livestock.

Providing frequent, quick and adequate support to prevent as well as control the reproductive problems.

Increasing awareness and knowledge of the stake holders in the project area regarding different aspects of animal health management and vaccination for the prevention of diseases.

It will monitor the different aspects of the project time to time to assess the progress, to identify the problems in implementation of the project components and suitably modifying the interventions with existing proven technological interventions.

It will introduce and adopt low cost technologies on various aspects and integrate with each other for increasing the production and profitability.

CARI:

Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, will introduce rural poultry production technologies for sustainable livelihood in association of lead centers and NGOs.

It will also provide the chicks specially developed for and proven under rural poultry rearing systems.

It will also provide educational resources for increasing knowledge of farmers in the project area for increasing adoption rate.

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CIRG

Central Institute for Research on Goat will provide technical expertise in advanced practices for scientific goat rearing in rural areas. It will provide knowledge resources for the farmers regarding cross breeding for breed improvement, feeding practices for pregnant goat, post parturient dam and new born kids, Care and management of new born, Vaccination for disease prevention, etc.

It will provide high producing breeds of goat for introduction in the project area. Production of Boer goat crosses will also be taken up in association with the lead centre.

It will also provide time to time technical support to the stake holders during the project period

CISH

It will provide expertise in organically improving the soil health through biomass application, Rishi kheti, Agnihotra, etc.

It will provide expertise in different horticultural crops with quality inputs and related components of the project

It will monitor the soil health status in the project area during the project period.

Agri-plus international and SSP (NGOs)

Agri-plus international and SSP are two NGOs (nongovernmental organizations), those will provide their technical expertise in the aspects of vegetable cultivation, orchard rejuvenation, organically improving sol fertility and other components related to agriculture.

They will conduct community mobilization to understand their needs and facilitate their action.

They will help in providing foreword as well as back word linkages to the stake holders. It will arrange for the inputs to be provided to the farmers as well as marketing of the produce.

They will provide technical expertise and manpower In time to time monitoring of the project at different levels.

They will arrange and facilitate various training programmes, input distribution, day to day monitoring, selection of stake holders/partners for the project implementation.

They will provide and maintain infrastructural facilities including Mushroom spawn production, bio-pesticides, bio-fertilizers, IFS models and various self help groups for the purpose, in consultation with PRI members.

17

CSSRI-RRS

Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Regional Research Station will provide expertise regarding desalination of the saline land.

It will provide expertise in vegetable, agronomical interventions, micro-enterprises, cash crops and will assist CPI in integration.

It will develop low cost sodic land reclamation technology based on substrate dynamism.

Will provide all the logistic facilities for the operation of the project.

4. Baseline Analysis

Districts wise selected clusters:

S.No District Cluster1 Barabanki Trivediganj

Haidergarh2 Raebareli Lalganj

Sareni & Tera

The baseline survey of adopted villages and families in all the clusters was carried out.

However, randomly selected (15%), proportionally representing the landless, marginal, small and

large farmer’s households were covered. The highlights of the baseline survey are summarized

below:

The literacy rate was 45.40% comprising 53.74% in males and 36.44% in female.

In the Project area 30.26% families are landless followed by 33.82% marginal, 26.97%

small and 8.95% large farmers.

Source of irrigation is either canal (38.7%) or bore wells/other sources (61.3%)

The average income per family was Rs.14618/- for landless, Rs.26792/- for marginal and

Rs.50714/- for small farmers.

Rice and wheat was the major crop but productivity is very poor which is 2.22 t/ha for

paddy and 1.46 t/ha for wheat.

Mentha cultivation during summer month is practiced in Barabanki district as cash crop.

18

Commercial cultivation of vegetable was absent.

There are non-descript mango trees but commercial plantation / orchard of any fruit crop

is absent.

Floriculture, apiculture and such subsidiary enterprises were absent.

In livestock, bovines are the predominant species followed by goat. Pig, sheep and

poultry were either absent or negligible.

The lactation yield in bovine was poor (range 300 lit. in zebu to 900 lit in crossbreds).

The alarming feature is prolonged inter-calving period (24 – 40 months).

The growth rate of goat was poor (one year body weight 13.2 kg.-pooled) and germplasm

is non-descript.

There was no perennial fodder cultivation (except Berseem during winter season) and

concentrate feeding is also absent (except occasional mustard cake feeding).

FMD and H.S. are major infectious diseases. However, main cause of morbidity and

mortality is general systemic state comprising parasitic infestation (mainly fascioliosis,

ascariasis, and ticks), pneumonia and other enteric affections. Deworming practices are

not followed.

Farm mechanization is fair and comprises tractor, power tiller and threshers.

Awareness level about the technologies was poor.

Marketing network has not developed except village / area level rural market.

It Nearly 52 per cent of the lands are poor in soil organic carbon and 34 per cent land was

salt affected. Among them 28 per cent of the salt affected soils have been surface

reclaimed by Uttar Pradesh Bhumi Sudhar Nigam (UPBSN) and were predominantly

being used for rice with average productivity of 2.5 tonnes / ha followed by wheat with

productivity of 1.1 tonnes / ha.

Among the 52 per cent lands with poor soil quality, 28.5 per cent was under rice wheat

cropping system and 12 per cent was under fruit orchards and 8 per cent was under

vegetables and 1.5 per cent was used for other crops like fodder grasses and forest trees,

etc .

19

The survey results indicated that the pre-dominant cropping system was rice-wheat or

rice-mustard with about 2 animals / house-hold on an average.

The mango orchards have started declining due to the increase in sub-soil sodicity and

poor soil health management system. New orchards initiated in the reclaimed sodic soils

failed due to sensitivity to the moderately high pH of more than 8.8.

5. Research Achievements

In the present research project, the target group undertaken was landless (having up to 500

m2 land), marginal and small farmer families. The target in the project was to provide

reasonable and sustainable livelihood security with income enhancement by about 200-

400%. The existing high input-high production technologies have not created desired level of

impact, which were introduced by the state Government Departments. Therefore, our

approach has been to develop low input-highly profitable technologies to fill the critical gaps

affecting the profitability and developing highly profitable model(s) of integrated farming

system for wide acceptance and popularization. The following strategies on crops sector were

also integrated to implement the above objectives.

5.1. Dairy development as source of livelihood:

This venture is widely practiced option and backbone of all agricultural activities. Some

of the problems like inadequate feed and fodder, deaths due to HS or FMD, production losses

owing to parasitism had reasonable solutions but unawareness or reluctance due to economic

considerations were solved using the existing technologies. Mass vaccinations through A.H.

Department resulted in full protection against HS and FMD and not single death from 2010-

11 onward was reported. Initially high yielding Napier CO-3 variety was popularized as

source of perennial green fodder and later CO-4 was introduced. To supplement the protein

source, Azolla microphylla in village ponds were introduced which are being used for

poultry, bovines, pigs and goats. However, wide spread anestrous (infertility) and mastitis

severely affect the profitability and threatens the very source of livelihood and have no

satisfactory solutions/remedial measures, under the prevalent system. Therefore, technologies

for their prevention and treatment have been developed.

5.2. Infertility Control:

Infertility/ anestrous is a major problem severely affecting the profitability of dairy

ventures. It results in prolonged inter-calving period and thus lesser number of lactations in

20

its productive life. It results from multiple factors. In villages whose livelihood is dependent

on the animals reared for milk production and resultant calves/ heifers/ young adults are fed

with kitchen waste, some cakes (limited to lactating animals) and varying quantity of grains.

The fodder or roughage availability in desired quantity is never available. The changing

agricultural practices are a serious problem for dairy animals as the availability of roughages

and waste of crops are diminishing significantly. Due to prolonged inter-calving period/

anestrous majority of buffaloes are sold for slaughter. Presently no reliable solutions exist.

The common remedies are area specific mineral mixture (15-20 days feeding), special

supplements, commercially available estrogenic substances for inducing the estrous,

hormonal interventions as follicular stimulating hormone, gonadotrophin releasing hormone

(GNRH), lutelizing hormone (LH), prostaglandins and HCG but the results are inconsistent

and unsatisfactory. Keeping in view the lower success rate, 2 formulations based on new

concept and our research findings was developed.

In random survey palpable corpus luteum was observed in 23.71% cows and 17.43%

buffaloes. In majority of cases it was indistinct. The number of animals exhibiting estrous

within 4-5 months of calving were 24.6% cows and 18.6% buffaloes, respectively. The

problem of anestrous was minimum/ negligible in cows receiving good care and feeding.

However, when the prostaglandin injection was given in animals having palpable corpus

luteum, induction rate within 48-96 hrs was 93.2% in cows and 77.4% in buffaloes. The area

specific mineral mixture was able to correct anestrous, by inducing estrous, in 33.33% (range

23-36%) of oviparous animals. The supplements available in the market were able to correct

the natural cycle in 42.2% (36-49%) but needed prolonged feeding and little more cost.

Various estrogenic products available commercially when given orally the induction rate

varied widely with an average of 20.9% (range 11-29%). In oviparous cows the present

formulation when given the induction rate was 92.3% (range 82-96%) while in buffaloes it

was 73.1%. The conception rate in animals where estrous was induced by present

formulation was 66.4% compared to 56.6% of area specific mineral mixture and 42.8% of

estrogenic substances. Evaluation of cost showed that all 3 treatment regimes have more or

less similar cost which was around Rs. 80/- per animals. The area specific mineral mixture

was not able to induce estrous beyond 36% in field animals which indicated that minerals are

not alone responsible for follicular and CL development. Estrogenic substances provide

estradiol which can help in inducing the estrous but cannot assure conception. The present

formulation stimulated follicular and CL developments and thus corrected the cycle in the

21

body which may be helpful in subsequent pregnancies and the cost is as low as mineral

supplementation.

Table: Comparative evaluation of various treatment regimes

Infertility treatment regime (animals) Estrous induction (%)

Area specific mineral mixture (462) 33.3Estrogenic substances (388) 20.9Present formulation (16542) 85.94

Table: Estrous induction rate with present formulation

Treated animals (No.) Animals showed estrous (%)Cows (11066) 92.3Buffaloes (5476) 73.1

Table : Comparative conception rate after natural service

Treatment regime (animals) Conception rate (%)Area specific mineral mixture (136) 42.3Estrogenic substances (78) 56.6Present formulation (1842) 66.4

Existing technologies include estrogenic substances, hormones and area specific mineral mixture (ASMM) / special supplements but none of them have desirable success rate

Estrogenic substances

Hormones ASMM/ special supplements

Present technology

Induce stress (20-25%), inconsistent , does not ensure conception

Very costly, inconsistent , required technical expertise, does not target conception

Good, success rate is 25-40%

Cheapest ,easy , safe, targets follicular and CL developments, also assure conception , success rate is highest : above 80% in cattle(85-98%), above 72% in buffaloes (though seasonal breeder)

Adoption percentage of the mass infertility technology year wise

22

Impact of infertility control interventions: To boost the dairy as a major source of livelihood

under IFS mode, more than 16000 bovines were given the present interventions and were

evaluated for inter-calving period, improved calves borne and milk production. The inter-calving

period was significantly reduced compared to base line survey of 27.7 months. The animals

received the interventions within 90-120 days of calving for 10 days. However, many farmers

were reluctant to induce pregnancies before 6 months of calving. The inter-calving period of the

buffaloes, which showed very poor estrous and conception percentage during peak hot and

humid months of June-July, was reduced to 17.8 ± 0.4 months and 15.2 ± 0.7 months in cows.

The average cost of milch animals in the localities varied during the period from Rs. 3000-4000 /

lit milk production for cows and Rs. 4000-5500 / lit for buffaloes. The present formulation not

only induced the estrous through corpus luteum and follicular development but probably helped

in checking the rejection of pregnancies during first month. Timely insemination, care and

observing estrous improved the inter-calving period compared to baseline data. The total cost of

estrous induction in 3 subsequent pregnancies, averaged around Rs. 80/- per animal per

pregnancy that enhances the number of lactations (around 55-60%) and make the existing low

producing animals also a profitable venture. The increase in number of lactation was around

68%.

To overcome the problems in germplasm improvement, we trained 16 farmers at IVRI,

Izatnagar and one farmer in each district was provided AI kit and continuous supply of improved

Vrindavani and Murrah semen. The calves borne have better growth rate compared to calves

produced from the semen of other sources.

The inseminations from various sources were compared to find out the gaps if any. The

state government AI gave poor results (32.6%). The BAIF results were much better (54.6%). The

natural service results were constantly higher (58.2) but it does not help in germplasm

23

improvements. Project trained inseminators, while doing about 100 AI per month, are now

reached near 70% conception rate in cows and between 65-69% in buffaloes.

Impact assessment on adoptability of Fertisure (anestrous formulation): Initially the acceptance

was poor (around 25%), but constant gosthis, results from intervened animals and economic

consideration s gradually improved the acceptance. By the end of 3rd year the acceptance reached

near 94%. Among these 85% of respondents belonged to the age group between 30 to 50 years.

Majority of the respondents were male (93.50%) and showed inherent impression of our society.

19.25% of adopters were engaged in dairy farming as primary occupation, while 80.75% adopted

it as subsidiary occupation.

5.3. Mastitis prevention and control technology

Mastitis is a major threat to dairy venture, particularly when for germplasm improvement

using Friesian semen is practiced. The prevalence is across the breeds but crossbreds with

pendulous udder are more prone to the condition. The situation becomes serious when dairy unit

is major source of livelihood and the animal develops mastitis, either in one or all 4 quarters. The

standard treatment available is parental antibiotic along with intra-mammary infusions. In spite

of best efforts, milk restoration is only up to 60% and the cost for full treatment is around Rs.

1000/-. The etiology is diverse and in about 70% cases infection enters through teat canal. The

maximum prevalence is observed within first fortnight of calving. There is no satisfactory

prevention remedy, except improving general hygiene and sanitation with general management.

Keeping in view the serious threat, a highly effective, economical and easy to adopt

technology has been developed to prevent and treat clinical and sub-clinical mastitis and was

commercialized also.

Outcome of antibiotic therapy regimen

Recovery status in comparison with pre-mastitis stage (milk yield restored)

Average percentage (range)

10-30% milk yield restored 11.8 (7-14)30-50% milk yields restored 52.1 (37-62)50-70% milk yield restored 30.4 (22-36)Fibrosed 5.7 (2-10)

Stage of lactation showing mastitis

Stage of lactation % of total cases

Probable reasons

Clinical mastitis 0-2 weeks 2-8 weeks

67.320.1

Infection/ toxins/ metabolites -do----

24

8-24 weeks 12.6 Mainly injury/ clinical infection etc.Sub-clinical mastitis 0-8 weeks 8-24 weeks

3.496.6

Infection/ insect bites -do-

Evaluation of formulation in prevention of clinical mastitis during first fortnight of calving

Treatment (no. of animals) Percent of mastitis

Control (145) 29.2

Present formulation 1.3

Therapeutic evaluation of the formulation in clinical mastitis

Treatment

regime

Recovery grading Restoration of milk (%)

Control-1* (26) - <10

Control-2* (57) + or - 10-30

Standard

treatment (273)

++ 20-60

Project

formulation

(214)

+++ 60-80

*Represent the animals where farmers have applied fomentation and home remedies ** Besides fomentation, parental antibiotics (1-2 injections) was given by farmers

Therapeutic evaluation of the formulation in sub-clinical mastitis

Treatment regime Recovery grading

Remarks

Control (37) - PersistedStandard treatment (650) ++ Flakes occasional, no bloodProject formulation (722) +++ Full healing, no flakes, no blood, milk

restored

Impact of mastitis prevention on livelihood security: The cost of treatment has been

drastically reduced and there is no need of skill hand as it is given orally in jiggery or bread. No

case of clinical mastitis was reported. Many dairy units use to incur annual expenditure on

mastitis treatment between Rs. 15000- over Rs. 90000/ (depending on number of animals) and

still some cases developed fibrosed udder. With the present formulation, the expenditure was

25

negligible and not a single fibrosed udder was reported. In the neibourhood of the project area,

one NGO has used the formulation for prevention of the mastitis. In the area usually 15-20%

animals every year developed the condition in one or multiple quarters. After the start of the

interventions not a single case was reported.

5.4. Interventions of innovative rural poultry production technology for resource

generation, livelihood security and poverty alleviation

The major problem in creating reasonable livelihood security is lack of resources as the

majority of farmers are resource poor and semi-literate. Therefore a major challenge was to

create resources first. For the purpose we evaluated various prevalent methodologies viz.

vegetables, cut flowers, goat, pig, open, intensive and new system of rural poultry with our

improved technological approaches. Total net return was monitored for one year along with the

affordable investment. The results are presented here:

Interventions Type of farmers Expenditure Rs. lakhs

Total return Rs. lakhs

Net return Rs. lakhs

Tomato (0.12ha)x 2 crops

Marginal/ small 0.34 1.0 0.66

Okra (0.12ha) Marginal/ small 0.16 0.51 0.35Gladiolus (0.12ha) Marginal/ small 0.3 0.80 0.50Open range birds (25x3 cycles)

Marginal/ small + landless

0.02 0.20 0.18

Broiler (300x5 cycles)

Marginal/ small + landless

1.48 1.63 0.15

Birds under new system (250x4 cycles)

Marginal/ small + landless

0.39 1.4 1.0

The evaluation studies clearly indicated that short duration crops can substantiate the

farmer’s resources but it is not enough for diversifying the livelihood base. Furthermore, these

interventions required initial cost ranging from Rs. 10000- 20000/ besides some cultivable land

which is not available with the landless farmers. Goat and pig will be able to give return in

medium duration. Open range system of poultry is only suitable for subsidiary income not as

livelihood venture. Broiler, a well established and popular venture with all type of market

support, requires slightly higher initial cost for the shed (Rs. 6-8/sq.ft) and cost of birds and feed.

Under the new rural poultry production technology the initial cost was reduced to 8000- 10000/

as only a shelter was constructed and was linked with in situ Azolla microphylla cultivation and

feeding. The disposal of birds was done after 4 months or when they achieved around 1.5 kg

body weights. Thus, it was clearly established that rural poultry is the best tool for reasonable

26

resource generation, low input livelihood option and poverty alleviation among landless and

marginal farmers.

The project area is not a traditional belt for poultry and government efforts to popularize

layers/ broilers could not made dent due to economic un-viability. When the project started in

base line survey only 2 desi birds with one farmer were available out of 42 villages. Not a single

broiler unit was available in these villages.

We intervened with the new technology. Small units of azolla were opened in the vicinity

of the shelter. Shelters was constructed in the dimensions of 4x3.5x8 or 12ft (HXWXL) and

extended as per the need using mud for wall, asbestos sheet for roof and a small door made of

wire mesh and waste materials. Chicks of Nirbhik strain were provided in batches of 250-300

after initial training and usually confined for 10-12 days to avoid predation and casualty.

Afterwards they were allowed to graze in the open area and adlib azolla was provided as fresh.

They relished it. It contains nearly 24% CP (with digestibility around 50%), besides being rich in

minerals and vitamins. After 3-4 weeks some waste grains were also provided for supplementing

the energy source. Males achieved nearly 1.8 kg BW around 4th month. Birds were gradually

disposed off after achieving BW of 1.5 kg and fresh batches were provided after 2-3 months of

initial batch and the cycle continued. A total of 985 farmers were assisted with 93000 chicks.

The net earnings of landless farmers exceeded Rs. 90000/ in a year. Two models of rural poultry

were developed. Model-1 is for meat purpose and Model-2 is egg purpose and used Grampriya/

Shyama strains. Many of the farmers up-graded their venture into broiler units and at presents 64

broiler units are being operated in the project area. Some of the farmers used the earnings for

purchasing bovines, constructed their own houses, performed the family commitments like

daughter’ marriages. Many farmers are rearing both broiler as well as these birds simultaneously.

Impact: The most visible and rapid impact on economic empowerment was achieved by this

intervention. Farmers from all the ethnic groups are now rearing birds as there is no capital

involvement. The quick and higher return provided enough cash for diversification of livelihood

base. For rural poverty alleviation and economic empowerment of landless and small holders,

this technology/ intervention was established as the best tool.

Distribution of beneficiariesDistrict No. trained No. adopted % of adoption

Barabanki 658 585 88.97 Raebareli 371 320 86.32

1029 905 87.92

27

Net Return after adopting new models of rural poultryModels Net return (Rs)

Broilers (500 chicks x 5 rotations) 30000/-

Rural poultry Model-1 (250 chicks x 4 cycles) 95000/-

Open range Deep litter/Intensive Present technology

Suitable for low/subsidiary income, and rural conditions

Requires infrastructure, balanced feed, health care and can be practiced in semi-urban as well as rural areas.

No infrastructure, no feed as integrate with Azolla spp., semi-skilled/preventive health coverage, suitable for semi-urban and rural areas.

No feed cost, grazing, kitchen waste

60-65% input is on feed cost No feed cost due to in situ Azolla integration and grazing.

More space Less space Less space (about 200 sq.m for grazing)

Only up to 50 birds/family can be reared

No limit Running strength of 400-500 birds is standard

Per chick profitability in a year is about Rs. 200-300/=

Egg production cost is around Rs. 2/= and 3 cycles of broiler in 4 months net fetches Rs. 20-30/per chick.

Per chick fetches net about Rs 100-120/= in 4 months. Per egg production cost is about Rs. 0.10-0.15

Unsuitable for self employment, livelihood security

Suitable for self employment and livelihood security but initial cost and risk involved is prohibitive for resource poor farmers

Suitable for self employment, livelihood security and any resource poor farmers can afford it.

5.5. Sodic land reclamation through microbial dynamism and development of plant bio

growth enhancer (CSR-BIO)

The productivity of commercial crops, particularly high value horticultural crops, in sodic

as well as normal soils of the project area remained a challenge. In Raebareli district the soil

sodicity is a major concern followed by extensive use of chemical pesticides.

Ninety percent of the farmers were practicing rice and wheat cultivation as a source of

livelihood with poor profitability. At this juncture the technologies like commercial banana

cultivation using tissue cultured banana var. G-9, and hybrid tomato cultivation using varietal

intervention of Himsona and NS507 received mixed response which raised the constraint of

28

sustainability due to incidence of wilt disease and crop failure based on climatic and weather

changes. The adoption percentage was average by small and marginal landholders. To overcome

the fatigue in adoption of technology an alternative research plan of developing a microbial bio-

growth enhancer using consortia of microbe approach with simultaneous development of

dynamic media and substrate to implement a triple mode of action (nutrient mobilization, growth

regulation through production of auxins and disease control potential especially for soil borne

diseases) was initiated. The current work focused on development of alternative solution to the

existing constraints of the bio-agents viz.

Lack of efficient strains available to perform under sodic conditions where the soil pH is

more than 8.5

Cost effectiveness of the product and multiple action to avoid application of multiple

bioagents like Phosphate solubulization bacteris (PSB), Trichoderma and Pseudomonas

cultures.

Isolation and identification of efficient strains of soil rhizospheric microbes

About 30 bacterial isolates of rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria were isolated from the

soil, root, stem and leaves of the grasses grown in un-reclaimed sodic soils of pH from 9.7 to

10.32 and also from salt tolerant poly-embryonic mango accessions. These isolates were

characterized using bio-chemical and molecular markers and were further evaluated for vigour

index under sodic soils in controlled conditions. Among them four strains CSR-B-1, CSR-B-2

and CSR-B-3 belonging to genus Bacillus and one fungal strain CSR-T-1 (Trichoderma

harzianum) were identified as potential bio-enhancers with promising plant growth promotion

properties.

Plant Growth Promotion characteristics of salt tolerant microbes

29

S.No Experiment ProcedureObservations And Result

CSR-B-2 CSR-B-3 CSR-T-1 CSR-B-1

1 IAA production ++ +++ ++ ++2 HCN + + - +3 Siderophore ++ ++ - ++4 Ammonia - + + -5 P- solubilization ++ ++ ++ ++

IAA- Indole-3- Acetic Acid; HCN-Hydrogen Cyanide; - No production; + 0.3–0.5 cm; ++ 0.6–0.9 cm; +++>1 cm

Development of Low cost multiplication media for plant bio-enhancers

Though considerable amount of isolates are available in the country as biofertilizers and

bio-control agents, the formulations in general are based on single microbe which limits their

broad usage. In most cases the final bacterial and fungal population gets reduced to 105 from the

original 106 when they reach the farmers fields. Therefore, there was a need for development of a

dynamic media that could support the multiplication of consortia of elite microbes (CSR-B-2,

CSR-B-3 and CSR-T-1) with the individual colony count of 107. An eco-friendly organic and

cost effective media was developed using low energy inputs and organic waste. This had

significantly reduced the cost of multiplication while maintaining the live count of the final

product at 107. Moreover, this media was unique of its kind where both fungal (Trichoderma

harzianum) and bacteria (Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus thurigensis) multiplied simultaneously

without disturbing the other.

Comparative assessment of the different media available for multiplication.

Existing technology Low cost new technology

Uses talc or charcoal based carriers Uses waste product which is widely available throughout the country mostly at zero cost or with minimum transportation cost.

The raw material used as carrier is a valuable source for energy production.

The raw material is a waste product awaiting disposal.

To produce 100 kg of the carrier about 30000 ml of the commercial nutrient agar medium or any other specific chemical medium is required

To produce 100 kg of the carrier about 30000 ml of patented formulation acts as supplement of the nutrient source

Total production cost of 200 kg of the product is approximately about Rs.11,150 /-

Total production cost of 200 kg solid CSR-BIO of the product is approximately about Rs.5,500/-Cost of production of liquid CSR-BIO 1 L-

30

Rs.20.00/-

Total CFU is maintained at 107 up to 3 months Initial CFU starts from 109 and even after 3 months it sustains CFU of 107

CSR-BIO – Bio-growth enhancer for commercial horticultural crops

The amalgamation of the consortia of microbes with the low cost patented media has

resulted in production of the bio-stimulant CSR-BIO both in liquid and solid formulations. The

formulation, both solid and liquid, apart from microbes also are suppliers of micro-nutrients for

crop growth because of the inherent nature of the nutrient present in the substrate used in the

dynamic media. The bio-formulation CSR BIO was tested for their efficacy in different crops

like banana and gladiolus through bio-priming with planting material and soil and foliar

application at the critical stages of crop growth. Later, the technology of CSR BIO was

intervened in the adopted clusters of Barabanki with the technology of commercial banana

cultivation, hybrid vegetable cultivation (tomato, okra and capsicum). The technology of

integration of CSRBIO with the varietal replacement was carried out in different integrated

models targeting the holistic livelihood security of the small and marginal land holders.

Application dosage

Technological interventions

S. No

Technology intervened Adoption and impact Responsible Consortium

1 Commercial TC banana production system with bio-priming of plantlets apart from soil and foliar application + dairy under SIFS model.

83.08 % in Barabanki district and 33 % in Rae Bareilly district

A total of 205 small and marginal farmers adopted the technology.

An average net income of Rs.2.14 lakhs / acre is obtained when compared with progressive non-adopters of the locality.

CSSRI, RRS, Lucknow and IVRI, Bareilly

2 Commercial hybrid vegetable production with bio-priming of seeds apart from soil and foliar application during the critical

87.14 % in Barabanki district and 65.25 % in Rae Bareilly district

A total of 740 small and marginal farmers adopted the technology.

An average net income of Rs.1.84 lakhs /

CSSRI, RRS, Lucknow and IVRI, Bareilly

31

Seed priming / treatment 100g / kg of seed or 3 % liquidSeedling dip 3 % solutionSoil application 7 kg in 100kg of FYM @ 35 kg / hac in 500 kg FYMFoliar spray 3 % spray at critical stages of crop growth

stages of crops + dairy under SIFS model.

acre is obtained when compared with progressive non-adopters of the locality.

3 Commercial cut-flower (gladiolus) production with corm-priming apart from soil and foliar application during the critical stages of crops + dairy under SIFS model.

85.71 % in Barabanki district and 2.00% in Rae Bareilly district

A total of 122 small and marginal farmers adopted the technology.

An average net income of Rs.0.79 lakhs / acre is obtained when compared with progressive non-adopters of the locality.

CSSRI, RRS, Lucknow and IVRI, Bareilly

4 Riverbed cucurbits and tomato cultivation with bio-priming of CSR-BIO and soil drenching at flowering

95 families of landless farmers adopted the technology with varietal supplementation and bioagent utilization. A net income of Rs.72,500 / acre / family was obtained when compared to Rs.49,000 with non adopters.

CSSRI, RRS, Lucknow and IVRI, Bareilly

Integration of CSR-BIO primed commercial TC (tissue culture) banana with rural poultry, dairy under SIFS model.

Most of the small and marginal farmers of Uttar Pradesh adopt rice-wheat or rice-mustard

cultivation for years. Banana is a medium duration cash crop with high return in irrigated lands.

But small farmers fear to adopt it due to fear of risk, high input cost and lack of complete

technical back up.In this scenario a technological approach was developed.

Commercial banana cultivation was integrated with moong and urd dal as intercrop at the time of

planting (February, March) and rural poultry in 0.30 ha with 0.30 ha under paddy-

wheat with resource conservation technologies.

50 backyard poultry birds of Nirbhik/ Shyama strain was integrated with the system. The birds

feed cost was made near to nil by supplementing with in-situ azolla cultivation and

introduction in the village ponds.

The fertilizer requirement was supplemented with CSR-BIO powdered formulation @ 45 kg

carrier based or 50 L Bio-liquid in 650 kg / ha of FYM or vermicompost and about 500

g of this mixture (CSR-BIO+FYM) was applied in the basins of the plant during the 5th

and 7th month after planting. 3 percent CSR BIO liquid was sprayed on the hands of the

bunches after emergence.

The entire dried leaves were used as mulch in the orchard and poultry birds were allowed to

graze in the banana fields.

32

0123456789

K (meq /L) Na(meq/L) Polyphenol oxidase (abs

min-1g-1)

Peroxidase (abs min-1g-1)

Contol Treated

112

36

10

30

135

43.5

12

45

Plant height (cm) Girth (cm) No.of leaves Bunch wt. (kg)

Contol Treated

Effect of CSR BIO plant morphology and yield Effect of CSR-BIO on nutrient and enzymatic properties

On analysis of data obtained from a sample of 50 adopters and 50 non-adopters of CSR-

BIO it was observed that the treatment significantly increased the yield and growth the bio-

primed TC banana var.G-9 by increasing the nutrient uptake particularly with reference to

potassium (K) and nitrogen (N). The treatment of CSR-BIO also increased the activity of

defense enzymes and income which played an important role in imparting tolerance to winter

frost injury without reducing the yield as compared to untreated controls and also higher income.

Commercial cultivation of bio-hardened banana under SIFS model

33

Composting with CSR-BIO powder

Bio priming with CSR-BIO liquid

Comparative output of the technology with the traditional farmers practice

Components CSR-BIO ,infertility and rural poultry Technology without CSR BIO and infertility

gross income

expenditure

net income

no. of mandays

gross income

expenditure

net income

no. of mandays

TC Banana2,78,200 65,000

2,13,200 90

2,36,000 71,000

1,65,000 90

Rice 12000 6500 5,500 18 12000 6500 5,500 18Wheat 15000 5000 10,000 11 15000 5000 10,000 11Dairy 20000 6000 14,000 45 14000 8000 6,000 45Poultry 15000 2000 13000 45 8000 2826 5174 22Miscallaneous 1000 0 0 10 2000 0 0 20

TOTAL3,41,200 84,500

2,55,700 219

2,87,000 93,326

1,91,674 206

Application of CSR-BIO in vegetables

Vegetable cultivation using elite variety with CSR-BIO as seed priming, soil application

and foliar spray was intervened effectively with rural backyard poultry of 50 birds initially later

with commercial poultry of 250 birds.

Some of the technologies intervened in vegetable cultivation are

Early or late cultivation of hybrid tomato (var. NS506 or Himsona), okra (var. Hybrid 10 & 564)

and cucurbits.

Components Traditional system

  Gross incomeExpenditure

Net income

No. of mandays

TC Banana - - - -Rice 24000 12500 11500 35Wheat 15000 8000 7000 22Dairy 14000 8000 6,000 45Poultry 8000 2826 5174 22Miscallaneous 10000 0 10000 10TOTAL 71000 31326 39674 134

Commercial cultivation of bio-primed capsicum and tomato under SIFS model

Seed treatment with CSR-BIO liquid formulation 1per cent solution increased growth and also

reduced the soil borne disease incidence by 40per cent.

Effective and efficient management of nutrients plays a key role in commercial vegetable

cultivation. Soil application of CSR-BIO composted with FYM / vermicompost @ 14 kg in 200 kg /

acre. This had resulted in reduction of threat 30-40per cent of recommended fertilizer schedule.

Foliar spray of 3 per cent of CSR-BIO liquid from the day of first flowering to harvest at an

interval of 20 days. This not only takes care of control of diseases but also acts as a source of auxin

and gibberellins to increase the fruit set percentage.

Bio-priming and soil application of CSR-BIO resulted in 18.5 per cent increase in plant

height, and 20 per cent increase in fruit yield / plant. The treated plants also exhibited higher

plant dry weight (51.1 g / plant) than the untreated control. Also integration with rural poultry

had increased the economic output of the technology

Plant h

eight(c

m)

No. of b

ranch

es

Days o

f flow

ering

No. of f

ruit/

plant

Dry w

eight /

plant (

g)

222.00

16.3333

79.451.1

181.00

14.439.27

63.4741.00

Treated Control

Effect of CSR BIO on growth and yield of tomato in Barabanki district (n=50)

Comparative output of the technology with the traditional farmers practice

Components

CSR-BIO ,infertility and rural poultry Technology without CSR BIO and infertility

Vegetables 222000 38000 184000 65 184000 41000 143000 70Paddy 12000 6500 5500 18 12000 6500 5500 18Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11Poultry 15000 2000 13000 45 8000 2826 5174 22Miscallaneous 1000 10 2000 20TOTAL 250000 46500 202500 138 206000 50326 153674 141

Bio-priming and soil application of promising salt tolerant endophytes and rhizosphere

bacteria for induction of salt tolerance in gladiolus under salt affected sodic soils

Gladiolus, a commercial cut flower, grown traditionally in the river basins of perennial

rivers suffered the salt injury due to the development of sodicity in its rhizosphere. The

approaches of using gypsum and pyrite in reclamation of these sodic soils have not been able to

change the soil physical and biological properties that limited its cultivation. Though a high

value crop, it was never grown in the project area probably due to this reason. Therefore,

alternative biological approach of utilizing CSR-BIO was attempted to induce salt tolerance in

gladiolus grown in sodic soils. The salient research results are as follows:

Application of CSR-BIO through corm treatment (bio-priming of corms with 3 percent

liquid formulation), soil application @ 35 kg / 500 kg of FYM / ha and foliar sprays during

critical period in gladiolus crop, significantly increased the spike length (96.33cm), number of

florets (19) and weight of spike (115.00g) than the control (standard local growers). Also, the

treated plants showed an increased activity of superoxide dismutase, phenyl alanine lyase ,

catalase, peroxidise, phenols and proline than control. Further, the soil pH, total carbonates and

SAR were lower in treated soils. The Na+ / K+ ratio in leaves of treated plants was observed to be

lower than control. In conclusion, these bio-inoculums can be used as growth enhancer and bio-

ameliorant in sodic soils as an eco-friendly management strategy.

Components Traditional system

Vegetables 0 0 0 0Paddy 24000 12500 11500 35Wheat 15000 8000 7000 22Poultry 8000 2826 5174 22Miscallaneous 10000 0 10000 100TOTAL 57000 23326 33674 179

Impact of treatments with CSR-BIO in commercial cut flower (gladiolus) cultivation with integration of rural poultry and infertility management in dairy

The technology of bio-priming of gladiolus corns, soil application of CSR BIO enriched

FYM and foliar sprays during critical period was integrated with rural poultry production

adopted by 122 small and marginal farmers were interviewed through questionnaire method for

the analysis of the average income obtained and man days spent for the implementation of the

technology.

Increase in income pattern during the pre and post intervention period

It has contributed a major portion of post intervention income in the SIFS model

(Rs.72500/-) making this as a short term entrepreneur venture. The sustainability of the model

was maintained by supplemental income with vegetables to about Rs.15070 and dairy to about

Rs29500/-.

Paddy Gladiolus Vegetable Poultry Dairy Miscellaneous TOTAL0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

5500

72500

15070

5174

29500

5000

132,744

8000

49000

5700850

12400

4200

80150

Adopters Net income (Rs) Non-adopters Net income (Rs)

Table: Profitability of the technology during the post intervention period

Gross income (Rs)

Expenditure(Rs)

Net income(Rs)

No of man days

Paddy 12000 6500 5500 18Gladiolus 87500 15000 72500 21Vegetable 24000 8930 15070 35Poultry 8000 2826 5174 22Dairy 38000 8500 29500 42Land lease 0 10000 0 0Miscellaneous 5000 - 5000 45TOTAL 1,74,500 51,756 1,32,744 183

Assessment of adoption rate of CSR-BIO + dairy under SIFS model

The technology was intervened in about 1067 farmers through training right from the

year 2010 onwards till 2014. The adoption year wise adoption percentage clearly

revealed that it was a minimum ranging from 10-55 per cent in the first year where only

varietal replacement was undertaken and the product was in the genesis phase. However,

farmers were using formulation obtained from dealers in the specific locations.

In the 2nd year the crude formulation without commercialization was intervened free of

charge in the respective crops, which showed an increase in the adoption percentage due

to the farmer’s preference of the technology after witnessing their growth at the

experimental farm during the training programme? The adoption percentage ranged from

63-84 per cent for different crops.

During the third year when the product was commercialized, due to their better

performance the farmer’s purchased the product and started using them, which witnessed

an increased adoption percentage of 83.00-87.11 per cent over all the commercial crops.

The number of beneficiaries who adopted had also increased to 1067 majority being after

the intervention of CSR-BIO product.

A unique feature is that the product CSR BIO was sold to farmers from the institute at

full price while inputs like seeds were given at 30 % of cost.

2010-11 (without csr-bio) 2011-12 (with formulation) 2012-13 (with csr-bio)0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

17.14

63.73

83.08

55.00

68.57

87.14

10.00

84.00

85.71

36.07

66.15

85.11

Banana based Vegetable based Flower based Total / average

Adoption percentage of the CSR-BIO technology year wise

Adoption profile of the CSR-BIO technology year wise

Impact of social factors in adoption of CSR BIO

The present technological intervention of CSR BIO was made in banana (bio-priming in

primary hardening stage; soil application at planting and 5th month after planting followed by

foliar spray at 7th and 9th month after planting), vegetables and cut flowers (seed or corm priming;

soil application at a week before first fertilization and foliar application at critical stages of the

crop). The sampling population was divided into two groups, small (< 1 ha) and large land

holdings (> 1 ha), based on the average landholding data as obtained from the block office of the

district to assess the social factors that led to the acceptance and adoption of the CSR-BIO

technology. A total of 344 respondents were interviewed among the 582 beneficiaries of the

technology. Respondents were restricted to farmers who had practiced the technology more than

2010-11 (without csr-bio) 2011-12 (with formulation) 2012-13 (with csr-bio) 2012-14 (with csr-bio) Total (2010-14)0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

12

65 5474

205

55 72

122

491

740

542 30 45

122

67

137176

610

1067

Banana based vegetable based flower based Total / average

once. Training was imparted to farmers group of four clusters each in two blocks of the district

during the year 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13.

Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies and

means. The assessment of adoption level was expressed in percent. Partial correlation analysis

was carried out to assess the relationship between the factors of adoption and adoption intensity

(AI). Regression analyses based on logic regression model using dummy variables were used for

assessing the level of factors contributing the adoption intensity (AI). According to the results of

this investigation, the important factors that influenced the adoption and adoption intensity of the

technology included training level, engagement in agriculture as primary occupation and small

landholding. Therefore, it can be concluded that the small landholders from economically

backward group with agriculture as primary occupation showed more interest in attending

training program and adopting the technology intensively than the big landholders.

Logistics regression co-efficient of the factors affecting the adoption intensity (AI) of CSR BIO technology (N=344).

Statistics

Variable

Parameter Estimate

Standard Error

Pr > |t| Significance Adjusted R-Square

Co-efficient of variation

Training 0.05008 0.22428 0.8243* 0.001

0.9504 23.63285

Land Holding -0.11498 0.20017 0.5686* 0.000Occupation 0.17785 0.26978 0.5132* 0.015Marketing 0.31790 0.28126 0.1430 0.385Age -0.87353 0.88521 0.3291 0.386Gender -0.32889 0.22051 0.1250 0.385 * Significance at P= 0.01 %.

Impact of CSR BIO on increasing the profitability of horticultural crops The profitability of the CSR BIO formulation in commercial crops like tomato and

banana with its impact on reducing use of chemical fungicides toxic to the environment was

assessed with adopters and non adopters of CSR-BIO in two major banana and tomato growing

areas of the Barabanki district (Trivediganj and Haidergarh) during two growing seasons of the

year 2011-12 and 2012-13.

A structured questionnaire based data were collected from 100 adopters and 100 non-

adopters of the CSR BIO technology in tomato var. Himsona (Syngenta Hybrid Seeds, India) and

banana var. G-9 (Hindustan Bioenergy Ltd., India). Results showed an overall increase in yield

up to 22.43 and 15.62 per cent in the adopters of tomato and banana which simultaneously

increased the gross profitability to 20.11 and 17.39 per cent in banana and tomato respectively.

The use of plant protection chemicals was 47.33 and 33.36 per cent lower than the non-adopters

who didn’t practiced the technology in tomato and banana respectively.

The mean banana bunch yield of 31.53 kg was obtained with adopters while the non-

adopters obtained a mean bunch yield of 27.27 kg. The mean expenditure incurred in production

was Rs. 0.64 lakhs among the adopters while among the non-adopters the mean expenditure was

Rs. 0.70 lakhs. Adopters gained an average gross income of Rs.2.78 lakhs from one acre while

the non adopters obtained a gross profit of Rs.2.36 lakhs from one acre of crop. Adopters

sprayed their crops with pesticide / fungicide combination for 7.333 times while the non adopters

used chemical sprays for 11.067 times.

Impact of CSR BIO on profitability and environment among the adopters and non-adopters in banana (N=100)

Parameters *Group Mean StandardDeviation

(SD)

Significance(P = 0.05)

Standard ErrorDifference

(SED)Yield (kg) 1 31.533 4.612 0.030 1.867

2 27.266 5.574 0.030 1.867

Expenditure

(Rs)

1 0.647 5.522 0.006 2.026

2 0.707 5.574 0.006 2.026

Income (Rs) 1 2.782 0.393 0.013 0.157

2 2.366 0.464 0.013 0.157

Pesticide 1 7.333 1.195 0.004 0.658

2 11.067 2.250 0.005 0.658

*1= adopters; 2= non adopters

In the case of tomato the adopters obtained a mean yield of 19.64 tonnes / acre while the

non-adopters obtained 16.05 tonnes / acre. The mean expenditure incurred in production was Rs.

37,000/- among adopters while the non adopters incurred Rs. 41,000/-. The gross return obtained

was Rs. 2.21 and Rs. 1.84 lakhs between adopters and non-adopters respectively. An average of

6.533 sprays was given to the crop during its growing period by the adopters while the mean

spray used by non adopters was 12.400 times.

Table. Impact of CSR BIO on profitability and environment among the adopters and non-adopters in tomato (N=100)

Parameters *Group Mean StandardDeviation

Significance(P = 0.05)

Standard ErrorDifference

Yield (kg) 1 19.640 4.079 0.004 1.137

2 16.053 1.663 0.005 1.137

Expenditure (Rs)

1 0.378 4.224 0.026 1.414

2 0.412 3.489 0.026 1.414

Income (Rs) 1 2.216 0.448 0.008 0.130

2 1.845 0.229 0.010 0.130

Pesticide 1 6.533 1.567 0.001 0.569

2 12.400 1.549 0.001 0.569

*1= adopters; 2= non adopters

The technology of seed treatment, soil application and foliar spray of CSR-BIO was

intervened in about 740 beneficiaries (582 hybrid tomato + 158 bhendi) in vegetables like

bhendi var. M-10 and tomato var. Himsona and NS 507 over a period of three years. The

average land holding of the adopters were 0.30 to 0.40.

2.16

8.812

4.32

12.8

24

5.2

16

28.8

21.525

20

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Bhendi Tomato Banana

Pre Yield (t/acre) Potential yield of variety (t/acre)

Post yield (t/acre) % yield increase

Effect of intervention on yield bhendi var.M10, tomato var.Aravind and banana var.G-9

Effect of CSR-BIO on average net-income from in 1 acre bhendi var.M10, tomato var.Aravind

The yield of bhendi, tomato and banana increased to 21 .50 per cent, 25.0 per cent and

28.8 per cent respectively compared to the potential yield of the hybrid variety and the

average standard yield of progressive farmers of the locality. Simultaneously, the income

from bhendi and tomato increased to 18.6 per cent and 21.4 respectively.

The effect of interventions like varietal replacement and crop diversification in the SIFS

model can be harnessed with synergestic effect of the two technological interventions of

infertility management in cattle and growth enhancer cum nutrient uptake promoter (CSR-BIO)

in the adopted project beneficiaries.

List of Firms and their production status up to Dec. 2014

Impact of CSR-BIO on the environment as an eco-protectant

Most of the commercial horticultural crops like tomato, potato, banana, okra etc are being

extensively sprayed with fungicide and pesticide to avail the economic benefits of the crop

setting aside the health hazards creating by indiscriminate sprays. Also the soil loses its

Firms purchased Area benefitted

% yield increase

Crops Disease controlled

M/S Krishicare Bioinputs, TamilNadu

700 ha 18 Ixora, BananaJasmine,Green house Tomato

Wilt Fusarium wiltFe+ availabilityBlight and Fusarium wilt

M/S Jai Visions Agri-Tech, Ghaziabad, U.P

400 ha 12 Gladiolus, Potato Leaf blight ,Scab and Blight of potato

M/S Alwin Industries, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

12 ha 22 Chillies and garlic Wilt and blight

sustainability due to the intensive use of soil drenching fungicides. The eco-balance gets

disturbed resulting in deterioration of human health and environment.

The CSR-BIO technological intervention was made in banana (bio-priming in primary

hardening stage; soil application at planting and 5 th month after planting followed by foliar spray

at 7th and 9th month after planting) and tomato (seed or corm priming; soil application at a week

before first fertilization and foliar application at critical stages of the crop). The impact of the

product in reducing the pesticide use was evaluated using a structured questionnaire in about 100

adopters and 100 non adopters. Survey was restricted to adopters and non-adopters who had

similar land fertility status and market. The findings of the survey in banana crop growers

indicated existence of significant differences between adopters and non adopters with respect to

chemical pesticide / fungicide used during the cropping period as plant protection measures. The

adopters sprayed their crops with pesticide / fungicide combination for 7.333 times while the non

adopters used chemical sprays for 11.067 times. In a single spray for 1 acre of the crop about 600

ml of chemical plant protectant were being used therefore, about 2.25 L of the chemicals were

saved due to use of CSR-BIO. Under the project a total of 171 beneficiaries adopted the

technology which had resulted in saving of 382.5 L of chemical plant protectants. Application of

CSR-BIO had also increased the uptake of potassium, phosphorous and iron in the soil. The

potassium content in leaves of treated plants ranged from 6-4 meq/L while in untreated control it

ranged from 3-2 meq/L.

There is clearly a pronounced effect by the use of CSR-BIO on the yield, and pesticide

use in tomato crop. The adopters obtained a mean yield of 19.64 tonnes / acre while the non-

adopters obtained 16.05 tonnes / acre. An average of 6.533 sprays was given to the crop during

its growing period by the adopters while the mean spray used by non adopters was 12.400 times.

There existed nearly 50 % reduction in the fungicide use by the farmers to save their crop from

diseases. In a single spray for one acre of crop about 480 ml of the chemical protectant is being

used therefore, about 3 L of chemical plant protectant was saved due to use of CSR-BIO

technology in one acre of the tomato crop.

5.6. Intervention on goat

Base line survey on goat production status from 8 villages belonging to Sareni and

Lalganj blocks of Raebareli district and 9 villages of Haidergarh and Trivediganj of Barabanki

district covering 147 households keeping goats revealed that almost all the goat keepers (>90%)

belonged to socio-economically backward communities and their major source of income was

wages in agriculture and factories nearby their villages. The goats found in this area are non-

descript with mixed feature and low in productivity. The farmers depend on scrub bucks for

breeding their goats, since no buck of any breed is available in this area. Goats were mainly

looked after by women and children in the families. Goats are mainly maintained on grazing or

crop residues in fallow lands, bunds and riverside. However, grazing resources and bio-mass

availability is poor. Feeding of tree leaves is a common practice in this area. No supplementation

of concentrate is provided by the goat keepers except to some lactating goats in a small quantity

(50-100 gm/d). The milk yield of the goats ranged between 200-300 ml/day. Most of goat

keepers keep 3-6 goats with an average flock size of 3.2 in Barabanki and 2.8 in Raebareli

district. Housing space for goats was highly inadequate and so goats are kept in human

dwellings. The awareness and adoption level about improved goat rearing interventions/

practices such as strategic supplementary feeding, deworming and vaccination was almost

negligible. The kid mortality is high due to lack of health measures on account of negligence

among the goat keepers. Under extensive management system goat keepers are earning Rs. 800-

1500 per goat/ year and mostly sold their goat at the doorstep through middleman. Males were

mostly castrated as castrated male get better price and could be managed easily in group grazing

and housing.

Distribution of Purebred goats: Four hundred forty eight high potential Barbari and Sirohi

goats were provide to more than 150 beneficiaries belonging to landless, small and marginal

categories in Barabanki and Raebareli districts to ensure their livelihood.

Distribution of purebred breeding bucks: Seventy four high quality breeding bucks of Barbari

and Sirohi breeds were distributed among the farmers to improve their existing non-descript

goats in Barabanki and Raebareli districts.

Marketing pattern of goats: The marketing aspect of goats was studied in both the districts.

The study indicated that the goat keepers fail to get optimum sell price of the goats/kids due to

un-organised goat marketing system.

Table . Level of Awareness and adoption of improved practices of goat rearing

S. No

Improved Practices/Technologies

DistrictsBarabanki Raebareli

Aw Ad Aw Ad1 Concentrate Feeding 90 8 80 7

2 Green Fodder 85 3 70 23 Straw Feeding 96 30 87 264 Mineral Mixture 20 1 10 05 Feeding Devices 20 5 45 46 Deworming 35 0 25 07 Vaccination 30 0 15 08 Buck selection& utilization 30 5 30 59 Breeding Practices 45 20 50 22

10 Goat housing & Sanitation 30 5 35 5

Aw- Awareness level, Ad-Adoption level of farmers

Table: Reasons for selling of goat in the adopted villages

Reasons %age of farmersUn-economic to take small numbers to the livestock market 55Non-availability of time 38Distress sale at low price to avoid return of animals 27More time required for marketing in hats 32Lack of facilities in the Market for the animals 22Lack of transparency in marketing in local hats 45

Table. Farmer’s perception on low price of their goats

Reasons % of farmersDistress sale 62.4Lack of market information 38.5Need of money in urgency 22.5Poor health of animals 15.4Other 4.5

Table . Marketing attributes of goats in Barabanki & Raebareli districts

Name of District

No. of adopted villages surveyed

Average family size

Average flock size

Price of adult goat Income/ goat

Male(1-24)

Female(1-24)

Barabanki 8 4.7 3.2 2500-3000

2000-3000

1000-1500

Raebareli 7 4.3 2.8 2000-2600

2000-2500

1000-1200

The average age at first kidding, milk yield per

day and body weights at 12 months of age of Sirohi

goats were 18.5±0.7 months, 705±25 ml and

22.50±0.72 kg in Barabanki district. Corresponding

values for non-descript goats were 16.2 ±0.6 months,

510±22ml and 16.6±0.34 kg. The corresponding values

in Sirohi goats were 19.7±0.83 months, 710±21 ml and

19.5±0.63 kg, respectively in Raebareli district and in

non-descript goats were 16.6±0.66 months, 490±18 ml and 15.7±0.25 kg, respectively. Average

mortality in young kids (up to 3 months of age) was 16.4% varied from 5–24% over households;

however, mortality in adult was 8.4%. More than 90% goats for meat are sold by goat keepers at

their village to the butchers. Average gross income from non-descript goats under extensive

management system was Rs. 2465 per goat per year. Overall income per Sirohi goat was Rs 4000

per year through sale of milk and kids and net profit per goat was Rs 2925 which was 28%

higher than non-descript goats. The study suggested that the grading-up, strategic feeding and

health care are necessary to increase productivity of goats.

Impact of Activities: The crossbred kids born using Sirohi bucks attained higher body weights

18- 20 kg as compared to non-descript kids (15-17kg) at the age of one year. The Sirohi goats

produced milk 0.8-1.8 lit/d with a lactation length of 6-7months under field conditions. Some

(12%) goat keepers sold the surplus goat milk @Rs. 12/litre to sustain their livelihood. With the

intervention of this project the goat keepers in the adopted areas are sensitized for supplementary

feeding and health care of their goats. Few farmers from both the districts are keen to start goat

rearing on commercial lines. Goat + rural poultry + fruit or vegetable crops emerged as a

successful IFS model for landless, marginal and small farmers in this region. This model is fit for

earning livelihood in limited resources.

5.7. Specialized Integrated Farming System models (SIFS)

Commonly practiced integrated system models are sustainable, provide continuous

income but profitability is low. In the changing scenario enhanced income with sustainability is

the prime concern. This was also pointed out by the farmers during interactions when critical

gaps were being studied. In this scenario, we postulated a new concept of IFS for higher

profitability and named it Specialized Integrated Farming System (SIFS). In the system we

incorporated 4 components viz. basal crop, medium duration cash crops, short/ super short

duration cash crops and value addition in the system as well as produce. Basal crops provide

support to the system and included crops like cereals, plantations, dairies for increasing assets

etc. The medium duration cash crops are chosen by farmers for bulk cash such as banana,

papaya, goat, pig etc. The most crucial component is short duration cash crops as it provides day

to day earning and fulfills family need and included seasonal/ off season vegetables, cut flowers

like gladiolus, apiculture, rural poultry, milk production etc. To assure sustainability value

addition in the system was opted. This included organic production system, continuous reduction

in input cost targeting less than 20% of 1st year within 2-3 years. For organic production system

large scale value added compost as NADEP, vermi-compost, biodynamic preparation, and bio-

growth enhancer based on substrate dynamics and crop rotation were intervened.

We took the target of 4 models but at present more than 64 farmers are practicing the

system as per their likings. The models provided more than 1.0 lakhs net income per annum to

landless and above 1.5 lakhs to small holders with sustainability. All the research inputs and

need based developed technologies were infused in the system.

5.8. Other interventions

5.8.1. SRI (System of rice intensification)

In 2009 intermittent rain resulted in draught like situation. This phenomenon occurs

periodically. To overcome the problem, SRI method was introduced. Dhaincha was spread sown

after transplanting the 14th day seedlings, raised as matt nursery. After 30-34 days dhaincha was

mulched using conoe weeder. This intervention was done in both districts. The crop visibility

improved by 55-60 days. Irrigation requirement was only at the time of mulching and scanty

rains during the season was sufficient for the crop. Tillering in SRI fields averaged 39.1 (12-51)

against 19.3 with the same variety in neibouring fields transplanted with traditional method. The

chemical fertilizers were reduced by 40% and the yield was normal/ or higher by 5-10%

compared to fully irrigated traditional methods. In contrast the crops receiving no or 1-2

irrigation showed stunted growth and yield suffered heavily with significantly reduced grain

setting. This intervention was used as demonstration intervention against draught.

5.8.2. Zero- tillage intervention in wheat

Under conservation agriculture, to save the cost and time in wheat cultivation, zero-

tillage technology was demonstrated in both the districts. The major advantage derived was early

full maturity of grains by 2-3rd week of March when sudden rise in temperature resulted in drying

of grains before full maturity.

5.8.3. Mass vaccination and integrated health management

In the project area every year mortality from HS (Haemorrhagic septicemia) and FMD

was a common feature. Farmers were educated and convinced for vaccination. From 2010-2012

mass vaccination was supported through AH department. Since 2010 onward not a single death

has been reported and now on farmers are getting vaccinations timely by their own.

5.8.4. Artificial Insemination

The comparison of insemination method from different sources was done to know the

reasons of conception failure. In the comparison 800 animals that were given IVRI-Fertisure-1

for estrous induction along with 600 animals with natural estrous were included. The results are

given below:

Source Without Fertisure With Fertisure

Inseminated Conceived % Inseminate

d

Conceived %

BAIF 282 138 48 355 199 56

Natural service 61 31 50 103 61 59

AH Depart. 256 81 31 342 137 40

The lower conception from AH department AI was due to wide variation in the

inseminators while in case of BAIF trained inseminators were constant. The higher % of

conception after feeding of Fertisure attracted farmers for estrous induction.

5.8.5. Apiculture

Apiculture was introduced in all the clusters mainly as pollinators. The secondary

outcome was honey. However, limitation of flowers in rainy season was a major problem for its

adoption as self employment venture. It is being practiced as subsidiary income throughout the

clusters and helping in pollination of the crops. The peak season is mustard and mango flowering

seasons and during the period each box provided about 5 kg of fresh honey in a week. Honey

extraction and processing machines have been provided in 2 clusters for use in the communities.

5.8.6. Floriculture

In the villages of the project area, no floriculture activity was existing. Gladiolus was

introduced in 2009 as short duration cash crop with 3 farmers. Next year itself 40 farmers opted

it. With the use of CSR-BIO and reasonable production in problematic soils, the venture has

become very popular. Only first year the help in marking was provided and now farmers are

selling by their own. Each spike fetched between Rs. 3-4/ in peak season and highest of Rs 9/

during lean season. Now the farmers are growing selected varieties as per the market demand.

5.8.7. Nursery /Protected cultivation

Raising seedling under protected cultivation is very important for timely availability of it.

Therefore, 16 small nursery shade nets were constructed with participation of farmers located

strategically. Due to these farmers are raising seedling in these shade nets during off season for

early/ late sowing.

5.8.8. Evaluation of Morinda citrifolia as source of cancer prevention and immune-

modulator

Creating livelihood to resource poor farmers get jeopardized if human/ family health is

not considered. During the project period it happened to some families who were unable to incur

huge expenditure on chemotherapy of tumors/ cancers. A challenge was taken to evaluate a

popularly available costal belt plant for its efficacy in preventing the NMU induced tumors in rat

models, which very similar to human beings. The fruit juice of the plant prevented NMU induced

cancers, while ethanol extracts of leaves prevented cancers but not the tumors. The fruit juice

used as therapeutic measure converted invasive cancers into benign while ethanol extract

converted the invasive cancers into non-invasive. Based on these exploratory unique findings,

seedlings of Morinda citrifolia were introduced from Port Blair and being propagated. Some

farmers have already planted it for routine use, since it is best immune-modulator.

5.8.9. Integration of commercial cash crops like Banana/ guava and some vegetable crops

with rural backyard poultry

Most of the small and marginal farmers of Uttar Pradesh adopt rice-wheat or rice-mustard

cultivation for years for which profitability is very low. Banana and papaya are sustainable

medium duration cash crop with high return in irrigated lands whereas guava can be grown in

any type of land including with partial sodicity. Banana is one of the high nutrient draining crop

and succumb to natural vagaries like wind storm, draught, frost etc and initial cost many time

prohibit the farmers and profitability and production is also highly variable. These are some of

the reasons making farmers doubtful with the venture. In this scenario present technological

approach was developed. Commercial banana cultivation was integrated with rural poultry.

Tissue cultured banana G-9 variety can be planted if it was taken as a pure crop at a spacing of

1.5 x 1.5m otherwise it can be planted at a spacing of 1.8 x 1.8m with intercrops during the

initial period. They were integrated with 50-100 backyard poultry birds/ per 0.25ha of Nirbhik

/Shyama strains. The fertilizer requirement was supplemented with vermi-composting and

Trichoderma, Bacillus and Pseudomonads based liquid and farm manures which also reduces the

cost on fertilizers. The entire dried leaves were used as mulch in the orchard and poultry birds

were allowed to graze in the banana fields. The birds feed cost was made near to nil by

supplementing with in-situ azolla cultivation in the interspaces. Tissue cultured secondary

hardened plants of 25-30 cm in height and about 5 cm girth having five healthy fully opened

leaves were preferred to get better establishment and uniform growth. Sometimes it is seen that

secondary hardening done in open during June may results in stunted growth which influence the

bunch size later. Standard agronomic practices were followed for the cultivation. Similar

evaluation was done with guava (Sweta/ Lalit) spaced at 3x3m.

The fields integrated with poultry had nil or negligible pest and disease damage both in

banana as well as guava plantations. Poultry acted as bio-control agent for pests/ insects.

The faecal matter added nutrients in the field naturally and increased the soil microbial

count.

The requirement of birds, both for bio-control as well as space intensity was estimated as

minimum of 5sq.m per bird and a small shelter in the field where dampness is not there is

sufficient for housing.

5.8.10. Improved composting to promote organic production system

The widespread problem of indiscriminate use of sub-standard pesticides is a well known

phenomenon and a serious human concern. The valuable dung and biomass is not properly re-

cycled and sizeable quantity is wasted. Our one of the objective was to promote organic

production system and major achievement in form of plant bio-enhancer has been made.

Therefore, we popularized vermi-composting and NADEP composting. It is very popular and

more than 700 farmers are practicing them.

5.8.11. Vegetable cultivation on riverbed

About 10-11 landless families in each district were practicing one crop of vegetables on

river beds and annual income was Rs. 10000-15000/. Keeping in view that these families have

no other options, we intervened with varietal improvement, agronomic practices, CSR-BIO, rural

poultry and diesel engine for irrigation. The area was expanded by them for more than 8 km,

crops became twice in a year and profit was above Rs. 1.75 lakhs per family. By 2011 itself more

than 42 families were earning their livelihood through this intervention.

5.8.12. Nutrition garden to the families

This intervention was initiated on the advice of Chairman, RPC. Though each family in

the village grow some vegetable in the vicinity of their house but importance and compostion

based on nutrition point of view was lacking. We introduced 1-2 lemon, guava, banana, fields

and creeper vegetables with varietal improvements. Due to packaging of slightly higher quantity

of seeds, farmers were reluctant but when small quantity was available, they preferred it.

5.8.13. Surface run off harvesting, life saving irrigation and awareness about common

water body management

The farmers are reluctant to go for ponds due to higher initial cost. We created livelihood

security of one family through digging of a pond in sodic land integrated with fish, plantation

and rural poultry. 3 more farmers renovated their ponds with this motivation. More than 200

farmers created micro-irrigation and few drip system. Some more are going to install drip

irrigation system gradually. In gosthis, farmers were taken to village common water bodies and

awareness about their importance and maintenance was created. Since panchayats own these

bodies and a source of income to panchayats, efforts were made to sensitize them.

5.8.14. Survey on mycotoxins in commonly available food ingredients

Commonly available feed ingredients in household being used for human as well as

livestock were monitored in northern plains during winter months (safe for fungus growth) for

mycotoxins viz. aflatoxin and T-2 toxin. The household ingredients showed higher level of

aflatoxin (above permissible limit) in 20% samples whereas T-2 toxin in 35% samples and only

9% and 24% samples, respectively were free from toxins. Generally the symptoms of general

systematic state produced by these toxins are ignored but very detrimental on health.

Concentration of Afla and T-2 mycotoxin in food and feed stuffs collected from different

places of Barabanki and Raebareli districts

Samples Aflatoxin (nos.) T-2 toxin (nos.)

Negative samples

1. Feed Ingredients

2. Balanced feed

7

4

18

8

Positive samples

Feed Ingredients

0-10 ppb

10-20 ppb

20-50 ppb

67

29

16

9

56

-

-

6

50-100 ppb

100-500 ppb

More than 500 ppb

Feed samples

0-10 ppb

10-21 ppb

20-50 ppb

50-100 ppb

100-500 ppb

More than 500 ppb

4

2

-

10

7

2

1

-

-

-

24

18

8

6

-

-

1

4

1

-

5.8.15. Studies on calf mortality and prevalence of enteric viruses in calf diarrhoea

Survival of neonatal calves is imperative for livestock propagation; however, a large

number of calves die during the first year of their life causing heavy drain on the economics of

livestock production. A heavy toll of neonates buffalo calves, particularly during first three

months of their postnatal life is a common feature. However, environmental and management

factors hasten the occurrence of such conditions. Monsoon is most susceptible season to calf

disease and mortality. Highest mortality was observed from birth to one month of age. Female

calves had higher mortality than males during this stage. Mortality was very marginal after one

year of age. Broncho-pneumonia and pneumo-enteritis were the major causes of mortality in

calves. The mean mortality from birth to weaning at 6 months was 9.6%, with 2.9% occurring in

the first 3 days of life and 6.7% from 3 days to 6 months as post-weaning mortality. The mean

mortality from 6 months to 12 months of age was 1.3%. There were no significant influences

found in the analyses. The main causes of mortality in calves were diseases of the alimentary

tract (59%), diseases of respiratory tract (26%), septicemia (14%) and navel/ joint ills/ ascariasis

(6%). Nearly 5.8% of calves born do not survive until weaning. In general, a loss of 4.7% of the

calves in the first 21 days of life and another 3.4 % loss from 21 days to weaning occur. The birth weight of calves was found directly correlated with survival. None of the calves having body weight above 15 kg died whereas calves with less than 8 kg had highest mortality.

Screening of faecal samples by ELISA: A total of 373 dirrrhoeic faecal samples from calves

collected from diarrheic calves were screened for rotavirus, coronavirus, E. coli and

cryptosporidium by ELISA. Out of 373 samples, 89 cases were positive for rotavirus (23.9 %),

22 cases positive for corona virus (5.9 %) and 16.07% positive for E. coli. None of the samples

was positive for cryptosporidium. Mixed infections of rota and coronavirus were seen in 1.78 %

and mixed infections of and E.coli in 5.35 % cases. The rota viral infection was more common in

neonates, while corona virus detected in calves aged up to 8 months. E. coli prevalence was wide

and covered all ages of calves.

5.9. Overall impact of the project

a) Increased awareness

The aim of this research project was skill development, generating awareness about new

technological approaches for low input- higher profitability and crop rotation. The models

suiting to their socio-economic penury were developed and popularized. The best method was

found to be the participatory approach, gosthis, and strategic trainings. Master trainers have been

developed in the area for each major intervention. This aim has been achieved fully and

sustainability will be assured even after closure of the project.

b) Change in expenditure pattern

A study was conducted to assess the impact of the interventions in real terms and for it

the expenditure pattern of the families was surveyed. The expenditure pattern and income are

presented here. The expenditure on food and clothing in pre-intervention period was costing

average of 71.4% and only 28.6% monthly earning was available for other family needs. In post-

intervention period the pattern was drastically changed. In spite of improved food, nutrition and

clothing quality, the expenditure was 23.2% of total income. All the families incurred

expenditure on family rituals, like marriages etc. but none of them needed loans. The turning

point was in children education. The children withdrawn or highly irregular in the schools started

attending schools regularly.

Average monthly expenditure pattern of families

Group Head Pre-intervention expenditure

(Rs.)

% Post-intervention expenditure (Rs.)

%

Food, clothing etc.

Education related

Health care.

Infra-structure(Hhouse/machinery/School etc)

House hold expenses(Matrimonials, rituals, cash in bank

etc)

119.9

20.0

83.3

--

374.2

71.4

1.2

5*

-

22.4

1685.6

726.5

930.0

2346.7

1576.6

23.2

10.0

12.8

32.3

21.7

Total Income 1670.6 100 7265.4 100

Denotes occasional borrowings as per need

Depiction of the total income in pre- and post- intervention period

Total income

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Pre Intervention

Post Intervention

Depiction of change in expenditure pattern

Food and clothing

Education re-lated

Health care Infra-structure House hold expences

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Expenditure pattern

Perc

ent u

tiliz

atio

n

c) Adoption of new low input- high profitable technologies

The base line survey clearly indicated that farmers were not aware about the new

technologies and also if heard the source of exposure/ inputs. This project not only created

awareness but also trained them on the latest technological approaches which will be very

beneficial for up-grading and up-scaling their knowledge and activities. The unique technologies

like CSR-BIO, infertility control, mastitis prevention and control, new rural poultry production

technology for quick resource generation and self-employment, integration of plantation with

poultry, sodic land reclamation using microbial dynamisn, induction of flowering in mango

through endophytes, fodder and azolla cultivation, SRI to combat draught, zero-tillage to

conserve soil moisture and reduce cultivation cost, banana as cash crop etc solved their major

problems of low profitability and livelihood security.

d) Availability of SIFS models

SIFS Models for Landless/sub-marginal farmers

(Having up to 500 sq.m. land)

Component Area (Sq. M.)

Input Cost in Rs.

Estimated Production &

Cost in Rs.Poultry (Semi-range) (250x4

cycle) integrated with Azolla

50 10000 135000

Dairy (5 adult) in SIS mode 200 SIS mode 125000

Azolla for poultry & cattle 50 -- --

Perennial fodder (CO-3) 300 Gradually as

per need

Total= Rs. 260000/-

Infrastructural Input per year = Rs.50000/-

Unforeseen Expenditure = Rs.30000/-

Waiting period = 1.5 -2 years

Diversification suggested = after one year

Besides the above main components, small kitchen garden comprising vegetables,

fruit crops like banana, papaya, citrus, mango etc to assure nutritional security

was incorporated. The landless also opted for leased land in the villages for fodder

cultivation.

(SIFS) Models for small landholders

(1 Acre. Land)

Component Area (Sq. M.)

Input Cost in Rs.

Estimated Production & Cost in Rs.

Net Profitability(per year)

Banana-Poultry

(300 seeding

1000 3600 70000 60000

Poultry (Semi-range)

(200x4 cycle)

50 8000 100000 90000

Fodder (CO-3) 2000 500 -- --

Gladiolus-veg. 500 12000 55000 40000

Dairy (6-8 adult) 400 SIS mode 200000 150000

Azolla 50 -- -- --

Total Rs. 340000/-

Electricity / Labour Charges per year = Rs.50000/-

Infrastructural Input per year = Rs.50000/-

Unforeseen Expenditure = Rs.30000/-

Waiting period = 1.5-2 years

Besides the above main components, small kitchen garden comprising vegetables, fruit

crops like banana, papaya, citrus, mango etc to assure nutritional security was incorporated.

SIFS model for medium and large farmers for self employment (1 Hactare Land)

Component Area (Sq. M.) Input Cost in Rs.

Estimated Production & Cost in Rs.

Net Profitability(per year)

Banana-Poultry(460 plants

1500 5500 8500 70000

Poultry (Semi-range) (200x4 cycle)

50 8000 100000 90000

Guava – Poultry (60 Plants

500 2400 15000 12000

Goatery (30 nos.) 100 90000 60000 60000Fodder (CO-3) 6500 -- -- --Gladiolus – Veg. 500 12000 55000 40000Dairy (20 adults) 600 300000 +

SIS mode700000 7500000

Azolla 200 -- -- --Total 1020000/-

Electricity / Labour Charges per year = Rs.100000/-Infrastructural Input per year = Rs.100000/-Unforeseen Expenditure = Rs.50000/-

Besides the above main components, small kitchen garden comprising vegetables,

fruit crops like banana, papaya, citrus, mango etc to assure nutritional security

was incorporated. Since they are large farmers, the crop component of wheat,

paddy, pulses, oilseeds etc continued with improved technologies.

f) Low cost reclamation of sodic land and utilization from the first year itself

In Raebareli district, vast stretches of degraded land having p H above 8.0 is available.

Majority of land is reclaimed using the gypsum based technology but productivity is very low. In

the area around Hardoi village, the wheat production is around 1.1 t/ha. In these areas,

reclamation technology based on soil microbial dynamism was found very helpful. The landless

families are given patta of sodic panchayat land and being resource poor they cannot afford

costly gypsum based technology. It was realized by the farmers through their interventions that

without livestock, agriculture cannot sustain and with the availability of technology for infertility

control, now they are rearing and expanding bovine units, though very costly venture to

establish. The cash crop of banana is now being taken by farmers on reclaimed land using CSR-

BIO.

g) Increased Cost: Benefit ratio

The survey to assess the actual profitability of various system was done through C;B ratio

of farming systems. The tradition farming system being practiced in the villages were providing

C; B ratio of around 1.5. Some farmers having some degree of awareness practiced IFS and the

C: B ratio increases to 2.5-2.8 which is an improvement. The SIFS models intervened are

providing C: B ratio above 4.0. Though many interventions individually provided it above 7.0

but in the system ratio of 4.0 and above on sustainable basis itself denotes the status of

profitability.

h) Changes over the baseline survey:

Significant improvement in the livelihood security of the farmers has been made during the

period and it is continuing.

Categories Baseline Target Present Status

1. Family income (Rs. in Lakhs)

Landless 0.145 0.30 0.81

Marginal 0.261 0.50 1.09

Small 0.52 0.90 1.56

2. Livestock units intervened

Poultry Negligible 500 Families 985 Families

Goat 200 Families 322 Families

Piggery Negligible 50 Families 22 Families

3. Infertility

Inter calving period

(months)

27.6 16 14.7/17.2

Inseminators NIL NIL 2 youth

Morbidity Rate 7.103/1000 animal days < 3.0 < 3.0

Animals covered NIL 4000 >10000

4. Crop profitability

Paddy (Rs./ha) 18000-24000 28000-35000 >45000

Wheat (Rs./ha) 24000-36000 35000-45000 >50000

Commercial Vegetables Negligible 150 Families 1642 families

Floriculture NIL 25 Families 382 Families

SIFS Models NIL 10 Families 64 Families

Nurseries NIL 5 Families 16 Families

Surface run off harvesting/

Micro irrigation

- 10 nos. 52 nos.

Cropping pattern Intervened Cropping PatternWheat-Paddy-Pulses SIFS/IFS comprising Wheat/paddy/banana/guava/vegetables/ dairy/ rural poultry/cut

flowers/goat/pig Wheat-Paddy-OilseedsWheat-Paddy-DairyWheat-Paddy- Mentha

6. Innovations

A. Opening small rural dairy units as source of livelihood security:

Dairy units are well accepted source of livelihood security. However, there are 3 major

problems in adopting it and getting optimum profitability. These are higher initial cost for

purchase of milch animals, wide spread infertility and mastitis. These 3 problems till now have

educated any satisfactory level of solutions. Extensive research work on disease diagnosis,

prevention, increasing availability of feed and fodder etc. has been done and continuing.

Though world over work is going on to solve the above 3 major problems but still near perfect

solutions are not available which can suite the socio-economic penury of the resource poor rural

masses, particularly landless and marginal farmers. In the present project attempt has been made

through new innovative concept/approach to develop solutions.

To open small dairy unit of 4-5 milch animals, the huge initial capital cost for purchasing

milch animals was avoided. The capital for the purchase of first animal was generated through

low input short duration innovative ventures as new rural poultry production technology, off

season vegetables, high value cut flowers etc. these ventures required very nominal initial

expenditure and provided sizeable return within 4 months which was used for the purchase of

first milch animal (in the last month of pregnancy or newly calved). Later the sale proceed of

milk along with the resources generated from the above sources was used to introduce second

animal at interval of 3-4 months. This process continued and within 1.5-2.0 years, a small unit

of high milk yielder stock was established. This concept/approach was named as SIS

(Systematic introduction scheme). This was integrated with other relevant technologies for

sustenance.

B. Infertility control-technology:

Infertility or delayed anestrous is a major concern world over in milch animals as it

affects the profitability and the very purpose for which it is opened. The major reason is non-

availability of balanced ratio which affects the hormonal secretion in the body. The existing

approaches are:

i) Inducing estrous through estrogenic substances which alleviate estrogen level in the

body and induce estrous. However, due to improper ovum development and micro-environment

in uterus, the conception is not assured. The induction rate in random population is also low.

ii) The second approach is through hormones. For the purpose FSH, GNRH, LH are

commonly used. It is a well known fact that wherever hormones from outside is given. It affects

the normal secretion of these hormones in the body. Through temporary gain is achieved, but in

long term it affects the body systems. Moreover, it is costly and requires skill hand.

iii) The existing and commonly used technology6 is feeding area specific mineral

mixture (ASMM) or special supplements of minerals with or without estrogenic substances.

Though, it requires prolonged feeding of 20-25 days, it corrects the system, particularly in

marginal anestrous cases, and supports the follicular and corpus lutum development. However,

it is unable to induce estrous and farmers have to wait for restoration of normal estrous cycle.

In this scenario, a new concept/approach was developed. In special combination, certain

minerals and vitamins were formulated (based on our own long term research and observations)

and targeted rapid development of follicles to avoid early embryonic mortality. This was able to

induce natural estrous within 20-25 days of feeding. The formulation is fed for 10 days only

thus, long wait is avoided. The induction of estrous occurs within 8-30 days of starting the

feeding the formulation is patented and commercialized to multiple firms. The estrous induction

rate in oviparous cows is above 85% and in buffalo (a seasonal breeder) above 73%. The

formulation is highly cost effective, safe easy to administer (orally fed) and very effective in

regularizing the natural estrous cycle and have long term beneficial effect. Same of the persons

engaged in conservation of breeds/ germplasms used and found it very effective, thus opened a

new vista.

C. Mastitis prevention and treatment technology

Mastitis is basically inflammation of mammary parenchyma, if is a major problem in

milch animals. If the disease appears, at least partial permanent damage occurs to the respective

quarter of the udder and milk let down is permanently affected. In field conditions 2-10% cases

results in permanent fibrosis. Since the etiology is diverse and include bacteria, viruses, fungus,

metabolites, non-specific causes etc and route of entry of these pathogens is about in 70% cases

through teat canal and 20-25% through circulation, prevention attempts have not been very

successful. The only prevention measure is optimum level of sanitation and hygiene in the shed

and certain manage mental practices. Practically in field conditions it is not possible to achieve

the level. Thus, in spite of extensive research the prevention in practical terms has not been

possible. For treating the animals, the present concept is to sterilize the udder. Since, for

synthesis of 4 lit of milk, about 400 lit of blood has to circulate through udder, therefore now

scientists have realized that like antibiogram failure, the present concept is not fully effective.

We worked on a new concept viz. reduce the inflammation & microbial load, anti-oxidants to

neutralize the metabolic and un-interrupted synthesis of milk. Based on it a novel, highly

economical and effective formulation was developed, patented and commercialized to multiple

firms. The formulation is orally fed for 5 days. This is probably only formulation which

effectively prevents the occurrence of mastitis in first fortnight of calving (the most prone.

Period-about 60% clinical cases occur). It is equally effective in treatment of clinical and sub-

clinical cases.

D. Solic land re-claimation throughj rhizosphere engineering and development of plant

growth bio-enhancer (CSR-BIO)

Vast area of degraded land, which include sodic , sodic saline, acid saline, saline land etc,

are lying under-utilized, not only the project area alone but throughout the country. The robust

reclamation technology is based on gypsum which is a non-renewable source, have poor

solubility (0.2%) and after reclamation does not provide biological activities in the soil by its

own. This is the reason the re-claimed land is as good as barren even up to next 4-5 years.

Furthermore, the microbes being used as bio-fertilizers or bio-pesticides, are used as single

agent and thus have limited role. Moreover, these microbes are from normal pH and these being

pH sensitive are effective only soils hanging limited range of pH. Another problem, we also

observed that the media used for mass multiplication is synthetic and once the substrate is

exhausted, the metabolites are not supportive to microbes growth and , thus the viable count

decreases rapidly. The carrier media of final formulation is nearly inert and have no role in

supporting the growth of the microbes.

In this background, we took a novel innovative approach. We isolated microbes from

adverse environment viz. pH 9.8-10.4, screened them for their vigor India and selected most

promising isolates of Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma spp. We developed a very low cost media

based on naturally & widely available by-products and simultaneously multiplied both bacteria

(Bacillus) and fungus (Trichodurma). This we developed and used in consortium mode. Since,

these isolates are from higher pH, they are able to support plant growth up to pH 9.0 easily. We

patented the media and final product and commercialized to multiple firms (CSR-BIO). Using

in consortium mode, it has certain added advantages as Bacillus spp. increases the nutrient

uptake while Trichoderma spp. is well known for its role in controlling soil borne pathogens. It

is equally effective in normal as well as degraded soils (up to pH 9.0 and EC 4.0).

Now we cultured mycorrhiza (VAM) and made a consortium with Bacillus spp. on a new

media. Thus, problem of VAM growth on artificial media was solved to certain extent and we

are able to get about 77 spores/g of final product. This consortium of Bacillus & VAM is

supporting plant growth up to 9.5 pH.

E. Integration of rural poultry with Azolla microphylla

The feed cost in poultry production is 65-70% of total input cost. Any reduction in

feed cost without compromising certain level of production increases the profitability. A new

technology of rural poultry was developed based on semi-range system and using slightly hardy

birds. Since, these are reared in the batches of 250-300 chicks in very low cost shelters, open

grazing cannot support the nutrients requirements. Therefore, in an innovation approach they

were integrated with in situ azolla cultivation and feeding. The azolla is rich in crude protein

(around 24%, amino acid profile is nearer to soybean meal), vitamins and minerals. With partial

supplementations of grains (energy source) and open grazing, their nutrient requirements were

nearly achieved and full potential was exploited with nominal expenditure. Large scale

comparative evaluation studies clearly established it as the best tool for resource generation and

poverty alleviation among rural masses.

6. Integration of rural poultry with cash crop plantations (banana, guava, certain

vegetables, floriculture)

Any fruit crop or vegetables require periodical use of pesticides for preventing/treating

the diseases which causes health hazards and contaminates.

In this context an innovative exploratory study in farmers field was conducted to assess the rural

poultry as a source of bio-control agents in these plantations. The results have been highly

satisfactory. Poultry controlled the diseases and pest significantly besides providing valuable

fecal bio-mass. Plantation provided space and insects to poultry besides azolla and thus

integration helped both and increased the per unit productivity and profitability.

7. Process/ Product/Technology Developed (List partner-wise major Process/ Product/Technology developed and their outcome in quantifiable terms)

S. No (Process/Product/Technology Developed

Adoption/ Validation/ Commercialization, etc.

Responsible Consortium

1 Infertility/ anestrous control and estrous synchronization technology in bovines

Adopted, validated and commercialized to industries

IVRI, CSSRI-RRS

2 Mastitis prevention and therapeutics in bovines

Adopted, validated and commercialized to industries

IVRI, CSSRI-RRS

3. New rural poultry production technology for resource generation and poverty alleviation

Adopted by over 1000 families and fully validated

IVRI, CARI, CSSRI-RRS

4 CSR BIO a bio growth enhancer for increasing productivity of sodic and normal soils

Adopted, validated and commercialized to industries

IVRI and CSSRI, RRS, Lucknow

5 Consortia of microbes using VAM in a single multiplication medium for salt affected and normal soils

Adopted and validated. Under process of transfer to industries

CSSRI-RRS, IVRI

1. 6 Cost effective and profitable vegetable production in riverbed area

77 farmers families in Raebareli and Brabanki districts

CISH, CSSRI-RRS, IVRI

2. 7 Use of waste/unutilised land and backyards in to profitable orchard and nutrition garden

708 farmers families in Raebareli and Brabanki districts

CISH, CSSRI-RRS, IVRI

8. Patents (Filed/Granted)

S. No Title of Patent Inventor(s) (Name & Address)

Filed/Published/Granted (No./Date)

Responsible Consortium

1. Mineral Based Technology for Estrous Induction and synchronization.

Drs R.B. Rai, T. Damodaran, Harendra Kumar, G.K. Das, M.C. Sharma

App. No. 791/DEL/2011, Dated: 22.3.2011.

IVRI and CSSRI-RRS

2. Low cost multiplication technology of salt tolerant bio-growth enhancers (Bacillus, Pseudomonads & Trichoderma) for increasing productivity of agri-horti crops in normal

Drs R.B. Rai, T. Damodaran, R.S. Rathor, R. Kannan, A.P. Srivastava, D.K. Sharma, Vinay Kumar Mishra,

App No. 3857/DEL/2012 dated 14.12.2012

CSSRI-RRS and IVRI

and sodic soils. S.K. Jha, Vijaya Laxmi Sah

3. Low cost technology for prevention and treatment of sub-clinical and clinical mastitis in bovines.

Drs R.B. Rai, T. Damodaran, Jaisunder, V.K. Gupta, Balvir Singh, Sweta Rai, Hamid Ali, R.A. Ram, A.K. Singh

App No 1154/DEL/2013 dated 18.4.2013

IVRI and CSSRI-RRS

4. A novel cost effective formulation for induction of natural estrous and synchronization in bovines

Drs R.B. Rai. T Damodaran, Balvir Singh, K Dhama and A.P. Srivastava

Submitted IVRI and CSSRI-RRS

5. An innovative media for multiplication of consortia of microbes for bio-hardening, soil conditioning and growth promotion of agri-hort crops in salt affected and normal soils.

Drs R.B. Rai. T Damodaran, B. K. Pandey, D.K. Sharma, Vinay Kumar Mishra, A.P. Srivastava

Submitted CSSRI-RRS and IVRI

Germplasms registered with National Bureau of Agricultural Important Micro-organism, Mau, Uttar Pradesh

S.No Scientific name Accession No.

NBAIM-Mau Accessions number

1 Bacillus thuringiensis CSR B 3 TB- 16602 Bacillus cereus CSR-B-1 TB- 16643 Bacillus pumilus CSR-B-2 TB- 16634 Bacillus sp CSR-B-4 TB- 16595 Oceanobacillus CSR-O-1 TB- 16656 Bacillus pumilus CSR-M-12 TB- 16537 Bacillus megatarium CSR-M-8 TB- 16548 Bacillus coagulans CSR-M-6 TB- 16559 Bacillus subtilis CSR-M-16 TB- 166210 Bacillus marisflavi CSR-G-4 TB- 166111 Bacillus subtilis CSR-G-5 TB- 165712 Bacillus subtilis CSR-G-1 TB- 165813 Trichoderma harizanum CSR-T-1 TF- 1273

Salt tolerant microbes partial sequences registered with National Centre for Biological Information, (NCBI) Maryland, USA

S.No Scientific name Strain Name NCBI, ID.NO.

1 Bacillus thuringiensis CSR B 3 KF3832262 Bacillus cereus CSR-B-1 JQ7682353 Bacillus pumilus CSR-B-2 JQ7682364 Bacillus sp CSR-B-4 KC4336655 Oceanobacillus CSR-o-1 KC4336666 Bacillus pumilus CSR-M-12 KC4336677 Bacillus megatarium CSR-M-8 KF3827618 Bacillus coagulans CSR-M-6 JQ7682429 Bacillus subtilis CSR-M-16 KC76863610 Bacillus marisflavi CSR-G-4 KC43366811 Bacillus subtilis CSR-G-5 KC43366912 Bacillus subtilis CSR-G-1 JQ74064513 Trichoderma harizanum CSR-T-1 JQ764321

9. Linkages and Collaborations

S. No. Linkages developed (Name & Address of organization)

Date/Period From-To Responsible consortium

1 Department of Animal Husbandry

June 2010 till date IVRI, Bareily

2 NABARD May 2013 till date CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and IVRI, Bareily

3 UPUBSN September 2013-14 CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and IVRI, Bareily

4 PDSR October 2013 till date CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and IVRI, Bareily

5 NBIAM October 2013 till date CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and IVRI, Bareily

6 NGO November 2013 till date

CSSRI, RRS, Lukcnow and IVRI, Bareily

10. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Framework

More emphasis on reduction of pesticides in vegetables and other technologies like use of canoe weeder in seed drill sown paddy which reduces the use of weedicides.

More tree plantation of commercial fruit crops in waste lands and lands affected with salinity.

Recycling of organic wastes and cow dung for effective crop production.

11. Constraints, if any and Remedial Measures Taken

12. Publications (As per cited in Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences)A. Research papers in peer reviewed journals

S. No Authors, Title of the paper, Name of Journal, Year, Vol. & Page No.

NAAS

Ratings

1 Suresh, T., R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, P. Bhatt, P.M. Sawant and A.K. Sharma, 2011. Detection of Group-A bovine rotavirus in diarrhoeic calves by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and electropherotyping, Vet. Practitioner 12(1): 133-137

6.0

2 Suresh T., R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, P. Bhatt, P.M. Sawant and A.K. Sharma, 2011. Prevalence of rotavirus, coronavirus and Escherichia coli, the main agents responsible for calf diarrhoea , Vet. Practitioner, 13(2): 160-165

6.0

3 Suresh Tamilmani, Rai Ram Bahal Rai, Kuldeep Dhama, Pradeep Mahadev Sawant, Deepak Kumar and Prakash Bhatt (2012) Determination of G and P type diversity of group A rotaviruses and detection of a new genotype from diarrhoeic calves in Northern and Southern states of India. Vet. Practitioner, 13(1): 1-8.

6.0

4 A. Hansa, R.B. Rai, K. Dhama and M. Yaqoob Wani (2012). ELISA and RT-PCR based detection of Bovine Coronavirus in Northern India. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 7(11): 1120-1129.

7.3

5 Hansa, A., Rai, R.B., Dhama, K., Wani, M.Y., Saminatahn, M. and Ranganath, GJ (2013). Isolation of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in Vero cell line and its confirmation by direct FAT and RT-PCR. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 16(21): 1342-1347.

7.1

6 Dhama K, Mani S, Chakraborty S, Tiwari R, Kumar A, Selvaraj P and Rai RB (2013) Herbal remedies to combat cancers in humans & animals –A Review. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 1908-1919.

6.9

7 Suresh T, Rai RB, Wani MY, Damodaran T and Dhama K (2013) Detection of bovine rotavirus in neonatal calf diarrhea by ELISA, Fat and transmission electron microscopy. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 1935-1939.

6.9

8 Dhama K, Tiwari R, Chakraborty S, Kumar A, Karikalan M, Singh Rajendra and Rai RB (2013) Global warming and emerging infectious diseases of animals and humans, Current scenario, challenges, solutions and future perspective- A review. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 1942-1958.

6.9

9 Rai RB, Damodaran T, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S and Mani S (2013) Evaluation studies on a tri-sodium citrate based novel formulation for prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 1959-1962.

6.9

10 Damodaran T, Mishra VK, Sharma DK, Jha SK, Verma CL, Rai RB, Kannan R, 6.9

Nayak AK and Dhama K (2013) Management of sub-soil sodicity for sustainable Banana production in sodic soil-An approach. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (7): 1930-1934.

11 Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S, Mani S and Wani MY (2013) Mass evaluation of a mineral based formulation for estrous induction in bovines showing post-parturient anoestrous. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2263-2265.

6.9

12 Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S, Mani S and Wani MY (2013) Development and evaluation of an improved integrated farming system (IFS) for higher profitability and livelihood security in Northern plains of India. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2266-2269.

6.9

13 Singh B, Rai RB, Dhama K, Ali H, Damodaran T, Chaktaborty S and Singh AK (2013) Training need areas of poultry farmers and their preference regarding methods, venue, time and period of training. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2279-2282.

6.9

14 Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S and Kumar H (2013) Field evaluation of a concept for opening of small dairy units with negligible cost as a source of livelihood security. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2293-2296.

6.9

15 Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S and Shyma K L (2013) Evaluation of new model of rural poultry production for self employment, livelihood security and poverty alleviation (Model-1). International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2323-2326.

6.9

16 Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H and Kumar H (2013) Impact of estrous induction on inter-calving period and economic returns to farmers aiming poverty alleviation in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Current Research, 5 (8): 2289-2292.

6.9

17 Rai, R.B., Dhama, K., Damodaran, T., Ali, H., Rai, S., Singh, B. and Bhatt, P. 2012. Evaluation of Azolla (Azolla pinnata) as a poultry feed and its role in poverty alleviation among landless people in northern plains of India. Vet. Practitioner, 13: 25-254

6.0

18 Jha SK, Damodaran T, Mishra VK, Sharma DK, Rai RB, Dhama K and Kannan R (2013) Solubility enhancement: a potent tool for gypsum dose reduction in sodic soil reclamation. International Journal of Current Research 5(09): 2691-2695.

6.9

19 Damodaran T, Rai R, Jha SK, Sharma DK, Misra VK, Dhama K, Singh AK and Sah V (2013) Impact of social factors in adoption of CSR BIO - A cost effective, eco-friendly bio-growth enhancer for sustainable crop production. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 3(4): 158-165.

6.9

20 Damodaran T, Rai RB, Jha SK, Dhama K, Mishra VK, Sharma DK, Singh AK and Dixit H (2013) Impact of CSR BIO - an eco-friendly bio-growth enhancer on increasing the profitability of horticultural crops to small and marginal land holders. International Journal of Current Research 5(09): 2682-2685

6.9

21 Rai RB, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Damodaran T, Singh B, Ali H, Rai S, Wani MY and Ram RA (2013). An exploratory study on using rural poultry as a

6.9

source of bio-control agent for plantation and some vegetables. International Journal of Current Research 5(09): 2625-2627

22 R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, B. Singh, M. Saminathan, Sandip Chakraborty, R. Tiwari, R.A. Ram and T. Damodaran (2013) impact of novel low cost technological intervenions on expenditure pattern of landless and sub‐marginal farmers. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 3(5): 261-267.

6.9

23 R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, S. Chakraborty, R.A. Ram, Balvir Singh, R. Tiwari, M. Saminathan and T. Damodaran (2013) Comparative evaluation of crop productivity and profitability under traditional farming and integrated farming system in Northern plains of India. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 3(5): 220-225.

6.9

24 T. Damodaran, V. Sah, R. B. Rai, D. K. Sharma, V.K.Mishra, S. K. Jha and R. Kannan (2013) Isolation of salt tolerant endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria by natural selection and screening for promising plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and growth vigour in tomato under sodic environment . African Journal of Microbiology Research. 7 (44): 5082-5089.

7.0

25 Rajamani Barathidasan, Rajveer Singh Pawaiya, Ram Bahal Rai, Kuldeep Dhama (2013) Upregulated Myc Expression in N-Methyl Nitrosourea (MNU)- induced Rat Mammary Tumours. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14 (8), 4883-4889.

7.5

26 R. Barathidasan, R.V.S. Pawaiya, R.B. Rai,* and K. Dhama (2013) Determination of cell proliferative activity by immnunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in N‐methyl nitrosoureainduced rat mammary tumours. South Asian J Exp Biol; 3 (4): 188-194;

6.9

27 Balvir Singh, R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, S. Chakraborty, A. K. Singh, R. Tiwari, Med Ram Verma, M. Saminathan and T. Damodaran (2013) Impact of social factors in adoption of fertisure‐1: A cost effective, mineral based infertility control technology for sustainable dairy production. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 3(5): 232-241

6.9

28 Rai, R.B., Ashwni Hansha, Sweta Rai, Balvir Singh, Harendra Kumar, A K Singh T.Damodaran and K. Dhama , 2011. Prevalence of rota and corona virus infections in calves of Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P. Indian J. Vet. Path. 35:73-74.

4.6

29 Rai, R.B., Shafiqur Rahman, Himanshu Dixit, Sweta Rai, Balvir Singh, Harendra Kumar and T.Damodaran, 2011. Analysis of feed ingredients for Afla and T-2 mycotoxins by ELISA in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Vet. Pathol, 35(2):238-240.

4.6

30 Suresh, T., R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, Sweta Rai, P.M. Sawant and A.K. Sharma, 2011. Pathology of rotavirus infection in calves and detection of viral antigen by ELISA and FAT. Indian J. Vet. Path. 35:1-3

4.6

31 Hansa, A., Rai R.B., Wani, M. Y. and Dhama, K. (2012). Patholology and diagnosis of corona virus infection in bovine. Indian J. Vet. Pathol., 36(2): 129-135.

4.6

32 R. Kannan, T. Damodaran, B. K. Pandey, S. Umamaheswari, R. B. Rai, S. K. Jha,V. K. Mishra and D. K. Sharma (2014) Isolation and characterization of endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) associated to the sodicity tolerant polyembryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.)root stock and growth vigour in rice under saline sodic environment. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 8 (xx):xx-xx

7.0

33 Damodaran, T., Sah, V., Rai, R. B., Sharma, D. K., Mishra, V. K., Jha S. K., Kannan, R.(2013). Isolation of salt tolerant endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria by natural selection and screening for promising plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and growth vigour in tomato under sodic environment. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7 (4):5082-5089.

7.0

34 Kannan, R., Damodaran, T., Rai, R. B., Pandey, B. K., Sharma, D. K., Mishra, V. K., Jha, S. K. and Sah V. (2013). Isolation and biochemical characterization of Endophytic bacteria from salt tolerant polyembryonic root stock. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 8(4):DOI-5752-5759

7.0

35 Damadaran, T., Rai, R.B., Jha,S.K., Kannan,R., Pandey,B.K., Sah,V., Mishra,V.K., Sharma,D.K. (2013) Rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria for induction of salt tolerance in gladioulus grown in sodic soils. Journal of Plant Interaction, DOI:10.1080/17429145.2013.873958

7.2

36 T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, D.K.Sharma, V.K.Misra, B.K.Pandey, Prabat Kumar, S.K. Jha, Himanshu Dixit and R.Kannan. 2011. Utilization of native bioagents as bioregulators to improve growth, flower quality and vase life of gladiolus. Ind. J. Hort. 366/2/12

6.0

37 Damodaran, T., Rajan, Shailendra ., Kumar, Ram ., Sharma, D.K., Misra, V.K., Jha,S.K. , Rai., R.B. (2013). Post-tsunami collection of polyembryonic mango diversity from andaman islands and their ex situ reaction to high sodium in sodic soil. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 15(1): 21-25.

4.5

38 R. Kannan, T. Damodaran, R.P. Methi, G. Kapil dev, R.B. Rai and S. Umamaheshwari (2012). Genetic Diversity of Mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) Clones of Andaman and Nicobar Islands Characterized by Biochemical Markers. Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research 30(2): 65-69.

2.5

39 B. Rai, M K Singh, A.K. Dixit and R B Rai (2013) Livelihood security through improved goat rearing practices under field conditions. Indian Journal of small Ruminants 19 (2): 198-201

40 Kumar, H., Neeru Bhooshan, Barman, P. and Patra, M. K. (2010) Economics of hormonal treatments on estrus induction and fertility in anestrus buffaloes under rural conditions. Indian J. of Vet. Research 19 (1):8-12

41 H. Kumar, N.Bhoosan, R.S.Das and S. Nandi (2012).Supplementation of area specific mineral mixture improves the reproductive performance in buffaloes-a field study. Indian J.Anim.Science 82(10):130-32.

6.6

42 H. Kumar, N.Bhooshan,R.S.Dass and ,A.K.Garg (2013).Effect of treatment of immunomodulators on recovery and conception rate in endometritic buffaloes. Indian J.Anim.Science 83(2) :21-24.

6.6

43 Rafiqul Islam, Kumar, H., Sukdeb Nandi, R. B. Rai (2013). Determination of anti- inflammatory cytokine in periparturient cows for prediction of postpartum reproductive diseases. Theriogenology 79 (2013) 974-79.

7.7

44 Kumar,H., Singh B.,Goswami,T.K., and Rawat,M. (2013). Use of Neem Preparations for the Treatment of Endometritis in cows. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 1(6):194-196.

45 Rafiqul Islam, Kumar,H., Nandi,S., Mehrotra,S. (2013). Circulatory level of interleukin – 1 in periparturient cows with or without postpartum reproductive diseases. Asia Pacific Journal of Reproduction 2013, 2(4) 316-320.

B. Books/ Book chapters/ Abstracts/ Popular articles, Brochures, etc.

S. No Authors, Title of the papers Name of Book/ Seminar/ Proceedings/Journal, Publisher, Year, Page No.

Invited/ contributed papers

R.B.Rai, T.Damodaran, and Shweta Rai. 2011. Livestock based spcialized integrated farming system for livelihood security and self employment in island ecosystem- Issues related to livelihood, sustainable development and climate change. In: International conference tropical islands ecosystems held on date 23-26 march 2011 at CARI, Port Blair; pp 80-85-Lead Paper

2 T.Damodaran, B.K. Pandey, R.Kannan R.B.Rai, V.K.Mishra, D.K. Sharma and N.K. Verma, 2011. Utilization of the microbial diversity for induction of abiotic tolerance in Mango clones of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Global Conference on “Augmenting Production and Utilization of Mango: Biotic and Abiotic Stresses” (21-24 June,2011) at CISH, Lucknow

3 R.B.Rai, T. Damodaran, R.A. Ram, Harendra Kumar, Balvir Singh and Sweta Rai, 2011. Integration of mango orchards with livestock for reducing biotic and abiotic stresses and optimizing profitability. Global Conference on “Augmenting Production and Utilization of Mango: Biotic and Abiotic Stresses” (21-24 June,2011) at CISH, Lucknow

4 R B Rai, Sweta Rai, Amit Kumar and Pankaj Kumar (2011) Livestock based farming system for livelihood security and rural poverty elevation". 5th

National Seminor on “Multi-Sectoral Innovations for Rural Prosperity” organized by Mobilization Society in association with NDRI, (19-21, May,2011) at Karnal

5 R.B. Rai, T. Damodaran, Sweta Rai and R.A. Ram, 2011. Sustainable livelihood security for small farm holder in Northen plains of India. X Agricultural Science Congress on “Soil, Plant and Animal Health for Enhanced and Sustained Agricultural Productivity (10-12, February,2011) organized by NAAS in collaboration with NBFGR,IISR & CISH at NBFGR, Lucknow

6 T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, B.K. Pandey, V.K. Misra, D.K. Sharma, R.A. Ram, R. Kannan and Himanshu Dixit, 2011 Technology of banana cultivation with subsoil sodicity management and integration with rural poultry-A boon to

marginal farmers for sustainable livelihood generation. X Agricultural Science Congress on “Soil, Plant and Animal Health for Enhanced and Sustained Agricultural Productivity (10-12, February,2011) organized by NAAS in collaboration with NBFGR,IISR & CISH at NBFGR, Lucknow

7 T.Damodaran, A.K.Nayak, V.K.Misra, D.K.Sharma, C.L.Verma, B.K. Pandey, S.K.Jha, Himanshu Dixit and R.Kannan. 2010. Strategies for management of subsoil sodicity for commercial cultivation of banana in the salt affected soils of Uttar Pradesh. In: Global conference on banana held on dated 10-13 December, 2010 at NRC banana, Tiruchi; pp.73

8 T. Damodaran, R.B. Rai, D.K. Sharma, V.K. Misra, Balvir Singh, Himanshu Dixit, R.Kannan and S.K. Jha. 2010. Development of eco-friendly technologies by utilization of native isolates of endophytes with commercial bioregulators to increase the yield and vase life of gladioulus. In: Fourth International conference held on dated 8-11 December,2010 at NBRI, Lucknow; pp.173-174

9 T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, B.K.Pandey, V.K.Mishra, D.K.Sharma, R.A.Ram, R.Kannan, and Himanshu Dixit. 2011. Technology of banana cultivation with subsoil sodicity management and integration with rural poultry- A boon to marginal farmers for sustainable livelihood generation. In: Xth Agricultural science Congress held on dated 10-12 February,2011 at NBFGR, Lucknow; pp. 92-93

10 T.Damodaran, R.Kannan, Israr Ahmad, M.Sankaran and V.Damodaran. 2011. Strategies for exploitation of the biodiversity in mango (Mangifera indica l.) and coconut (Cocos nucifera l.) as a livelihood option in the Bay islands- Issues related to livelihood, sustainable development and climate change. In: International conference tropical islands ecosystems held on date 23-26 march 2011 at CARI, Port Blair; pp 149-150.

11 T.Damodaran, B.K. Pandey, R.B. Rai, R.Kannan, V.K.Misra and D.K.Sharma. 2011. Utilization of the microbial diversity for induction of abiotic tolerance in Mango clones of Andaman clones of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. In: Global conference on Augumentying Production and Utilization of Mango: Biotic and Abiotic Stresses, held from 21-24th June 2011 at CISH, Lucknow, India pp. 65-66

12 T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, V.K.Misra, D.K.Sharmaand R.Kannan. 2011. Specialized Integrated Farming System for Sustainable Livelihood Generation. In: National Seminar on Biotechnological Interventions in Green Technology for Sustainable Agriculture held on 21-24th September 2011 at M.S.University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu.

13 Kumar Harendra (2011) Cytokines in uterine defense mechanism with special reference to their applications as a diagnostic marker for sub-clinical endo-metritis. 27th Annual Conference of ISAR, Sep. 27-29, Aizol, Mizoram-Lead paper.

14 Hamid Ali, R.B. Rai, Balvir Singh ,T. Damodaran and Sweta Rai (2012) New Rural poultry production technology for resource generation and poverty alleviation. National Conference on Demonstrated Options for Improved

Livelihood in Disadvantaged Areas of India”Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Jan 20-21,2012)

15 R.B. Rai, T. Damodaran and A.P. Srivastava (2012) Specialized Integrated farming System (SIFS) to ensure better livelihood security of landless and small farmers aiming poverty alleviation. National Conference on Demonstrated Options for Improved Livelihood in Disadvantaged Areas of India”Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Jan 20-21, 2012) (lead paper).

16 Ali H., Singh D P and Rai R B (2011) Integration of traditional backyard poultry with horticulture for symbiotic effects. International Symposium on rural employment generation and Nutritional Security through poultry production (IPSA) 22-24 Dec.2011, organized by Bihar Veterinary college, Patna

17 Ali H., Singh D P Rai R B and B. Singh (2011) livelihood security through family poultry production system for small scale or landless farmers. International Symposium on rural employment generation and Nutritional Security through poultry production (IPSA) 22-24 Dec.2011, organized by Bihar Veterinary college, Patna

18 Ali H., Singh D P Rai R B and A.Y. Revagade (2011) Role of family poultry farming in supplementing income and nutritional security in Raebareli and Barabanki. International Symposium on rural employment generation and Nutritional Security through poultry production (IPSA) 22-24 Dec.2011, organized by Bihar Veterinary college, Patna

19 H. Ravishankar and R.A. Ram (2011). Dynamics of potential organic persuasions for sustainable mango (Mangifera indica L.) culture. Global Conference on Augmenting Production and Utilization of mango: Biotic and Abiotic Stresses, 21-24 June, CISH, Lucknow, pp 93-101.

20 R.A.Ram, Atul Singha and S.R. Bhriguvanshi (2011). Response of different organic inputs on soil, plant nutrient status, yield and quality of mango cv. Amrapali. Global conference on augmenting production and utilization of mango: Biotic and abiotic stresses, 21-24 June, CISH, Lucknow, pp-100-101.

21 R.A.Ram and Atul Singha (2012). Organic farming for sustaining yield, quality and soil fertility in guava production . Global Conference on “Horticulture for Food, Nutrition and a livelihood option, 28-31 May, OUAT, Bhubneswar, pp- 199-200.

22 R. A. Ram, Atul Singha and Kailash Kumar (2012). Evaluation of different organic inputs on soil, plant nutrient status, yield and quality of mango cv. Amrapali. 5th Indian Horticulture Congress, November 6-9, 2012. PAU, Ludhiana, 96p.

23 B. Rai, M. K. Singh and R.B.Rai (2012). Livelihood security through integrated goat farming system in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of Uttar Pradesh. In: National Seminar on Livelihood options for small and marginal

farmers in fragile eco-systems, held at ICAR NEH Complex, Shillong on 09-10th August, 2012. pp 65.

24 B. Rai, M.K. Singh, Ashok Kumar H. Dixit and R.B.Rai (2012). Goat based IFS modules for food security and economic gains: A field experience. In: National Seminar of ISSGPU on “Future Challenges and opportunities to improve health and production of Small Ruminants” held at CIRG,Makhdoom, Mathura on 22-23rd December, 2012. pp 175-76.

25 B. Rai, M. K. Singh and R.B.Rai (2013). Impact of Sirohi goats in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P. In: XthNational Symposium on Integrated development of vast biodiversity of indigenous livestock for long term rural livelihood security held at GBPUA&T,Pantnagar on 7-8 Feb,2013. pp.284

26 B. Rai, Ashok Kumar and M.K. Singh,(2011). Intervention of Goats and Goat based technologies for improving livelihood security in Barabanki and Raebarelly Districts of U.P. In: National Symposium of ISAPM on “Emerging management concepts for Sustainable livestock and Poultry Production” at GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab on 02-04th November, 2011. pp 259.

27 B. Rai, M.K. Singh, Ashok Kumar and R.B. Rai (2012) Milch breed of goat as an intervention to increase food and livelihood security in Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh. IX National symposium of SOCDAB Society held at BAIF , Pune Campus on 24-25 February,2012 pp 223-224.

28 B.Rai, Ravindra Kumar, N.Ramachandra ,H.Dixit and R.B.Rai (2014) Village based feeding system in eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. National Seminar of ISAPM on New dimensional approaches for livestock and profitability enhancement under era of climate change held at COVS, Anand on 28-30 January,2014.

Books T.Damodaran, R.B.Rai, V.K.Mishra,D.K. Sharma, R.A. Ram, Sweta Rai and Harendra Kumar, 2011. Integrated Farming System & Livelihood Security – An Approach. Published by CSSRI, Karnal, pp 1-108.

Harendra Kumar, S. Nandi and R.B. Rai, 2011. Common Reproductive Problems in Bovines and Canines. Published by New India Publishing Agency, Pitam Pura, New Delhi.pp1-116.

Bulletins R.B.Rai, T.Damoderan, R.A. Ram, Sweta Rai, Balvir Singh, Harendra Kumar D.P.Singh, B.Rai and Tushar Singh, 2011. Agricultural Technologies for livelihood-Brief Introduction (In Hindi). Published by Agri-Plus International. Pp1-25.R.B. Rai, T.Damodaran,K. Dhama, R.A.Ram,Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh, Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai, 2011. Low input agricultural technologies for better profitability and poverty alleviationR.B. Rai, T.Damodaran,K. Dhama, R.A.Ram,Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh,

Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai, 2011. Specialized Integrated Farming System (SIFS) for enhanced profitability to small land holders.

R.B. Rai, ,K. Dhama, T.Damodaran ,Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh, Hamid Ali & S D Singh, 2011. Recent tools and techniques safeguarding poultry health and productivity

R.B. Rai, ,K. Dhama, T.Damodaran ,Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh, Hamid Ali & S D Singh, 2011. Mycotoxins and Mycotoxicosis in poultry

V.K.Mishra, D.K.Sharma, Shefali Srivastava, A.K.Nayak, T.Damodaran, C.S.Singh, S.K.Jha C.l.Verma, A.K.Nayak and Md.Shahabudin(2011), Usar bhumi mein ghehue ki upaj per taapman aiwan versha ka prabhav tatha prabardhan, Central soil salinity Research Institute, RRS, Lucknow, UP. P-12

Technical articles

1 R.B. Rai, Sweta Rai, K Dhama & T. Damodaran (2011), fcuk iwath Lojkstxkj gsrq Ms;jh -,d u;k vk;ke Livestock Technology (publised in June issue) 2. R.B. Rai, Sweta Rai, K Dhama & T. Damodaran (2011), Dairy as self employment venture : Problems and perspectives (2011), Livestock Technology 3. K Dhama, RB Rai, Sweta Rai & Harendra Kumar (2011) Foot-and-mouth disease: an economically important disease of animals (2011), Livestock Technology (August 2011 Issue) 4 K Dhama, RB Rai, Sweta Rai & Harendra Kumar (2011), i'kqvksa dh [kqjidk&eq[kidk chekjh & fdlkuksa ds fy, vfHk’kki. Livestock Technology

5. R.A.Ram (2011). Barabanki avam Raebareli janpadoan mein pashupalan adharit samaniwit krishi pranali dwara kishanoa ki ajevika hetu sarvangeer prayas, Smarika, Khalihan mein vigyan sangosthi, organized by Adarsh Sivanjali Shiksha Niketan, Basti, U.P., 15-16th June, pp 51-56.

6. R.A.Ram (2012). Jaivik Khad, Padhatian avam unka amrood ke Jaivik utpadan mein prayog. Udyan Rasmi, 13 (1):35-39.

7. R.A.Ram, R.B. Rai and T. Damodaran (2013). Barabanki avam Raebareli janpadoan mein pshupalan adharait samketik pranali dwara kisanoan ki ajeevika suraksha hetu sarvangeen prayas. Udyan Rasmi, 13 (1):16-27.

8. R.A.Ram (2013). Manav avam paryavaran surakhsha hetu phal avam sabjion ka Jaivik utpadan. Udyan Rasmi, 14 (1): 87-93.

Folders 1 R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, T. Damodaran, Sweta, Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh, Hamid Ali (2011) [kqjidk&eqgidk chekjh ¼,Q,eMh½ & i'kqvksa dk ,d egRoiw.kZ jksx2 R.B. Rai, K. Dhama, T. Damodaran, Sweta, Amit Kumar, Balvir Singh, Hamid Ali (2011) Ik’kq LokLF; ,oa mRikn ij dod

¼QQwanh½ tfur fo”kksa ¼ekbdksVkWfDlu½ dk izHkko ,oa tuLokLF; dh n`f”V ls budk egRo3 vkj-ch-jk;] gkfen vyh] 'osrk jk;] Vh- nkeksnju] dqynhi /kkek] vfer deqkj] fot;ky{eh 'kkg xjhch mUewyu ds fy, xzkeh.k eqxhZ ikyu ,d vPNk fodYi

4 Mk- vkj ch jk;] Mk-'osrkjk;] Mk- dqynhi /kkek] Mk- Vh nkeksnju] fcuk iwath Lojkstxkj gsrq Ms;jh -,d u;k vk;ke

5. Aam Utpadan evam Pravandhan, (R.K. Pathak & R.A. Ram), NAIP Publication, CISH Lucknow 6. Bael Utpadan ki Vagyanik Tachnique, (R.K. Pathak & Devendra Pande), NAIP Publication, CISH Lucknow7. Javik Krishi (R.K. Pathak & R.A. Ram), NAIP Publication, CISH Lucknow8. Aonla Utpadan (R.K. Pathak & R.A. Ram), NAIP Publication, CISH Lucknow

Monographs 1.R.B. Rai, K Dhama, T Damodaran, Sweta Rai, Vinay Verma, Balvir Singh & Hamid Ali (2011) Integrated Farming System and Livelihood Security2. R.B. Rai, K Dhama, Harendra Kumar, T. Damodaran, M. Yaqoob Wani, Balvir Singh & Hamid Ali (2011) Factors influencing breeding efficiency and management of dairy animals for maximum reproductive performance

Mannuals 1. Livelihood security for resource poor farmer through progressive farming of vegetable and flowers2. Livelihood generation for marginal and small farmers through integrated interventions of vegetable at Tera village of Raebareli district3. Economic security for riverbed farmers through integrated interventions in vegetables4. Commercial Banana production-A boon to small and marginal farmers for sustainable livelihood 5. Livelihood Security through livestock based farming system for small land holders in Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh6. Livelihood Security through integration of low input technologies for small land holders of Barabanki district in Uttar Pradesh7. Sansadhan heen krishako ke arthik aujivika surakshh hetu sasadhano ka uchit upyog thatha phool evam sabjio ki unnatsheel kheti8. Mannual of Javik Krishi

E-publication 1. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid Ali, S B S Sudhakar, Sweta Rai (2011) Mycotoxicosis in Livestock and Poultry: An Overview2. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid Ali, S B S Sudhakar, Sweta Rai (2011) Avian diseases transmissible to humans: (Zoonotic Diseases of poultry)

3. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai (2011)

Diversified Poultry Production: The Perspectives4. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai (2011) Probiotics in Poultry Production and Health – Growth promoters, Immune-enhancers and Combating Infectious Diseases: The Perspectives

5. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid Ali, S B S Sudhakar, Sweta Rai (2011) Aflatoxins and aflatoxicosis-impact on animal health and production6. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai (2011) Strategies for promoting poultry farming in rural areas: health care and managemental tips for socio-economic development of farmers7. R B Rai, T Damodaran, K Dhama, Amit Kumar, R A Ram, B Singh, Hamid Ali, Sweta Rai (2011) Ik’kq jksxksa dh tkap o fu;U=.k ds {ks= esa fodflr gksrs u;s vk;ke

13. Media Products Developed/Disseminated

S. No CD, Bulletins, Brochures, etc. (Year wise)

No. of copies Distribution

1. Video film (Hindi), 100 Loaded on You tube

2. Video film (English), 100 Loaded on You tube

3. Integrated intervention of innovative technology for livelihood security. (Hindi)

100 Loaded on You tube

14. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc. organized

Sl. No.

Date Title Days innumbers

Target Group TotalMale Female

1 16.06.09 Seed selection and nursery management for paddy

1 20 5 25

2 24.06.09 Planting technique for paddy 1 25 10 353 14.07.09 Training on mango, aonla, bel, 2 40 10 50

15.07.09 guava cultivation4 14.09.09 Awareness on animal health 1 40 10 505 17.09.09 Infertility and repeat breeder

camp1 33 8 41

6 12.10.0913.10.09

Training on banana cultivation practices

2 22 5 27

7 25.11.0926.11.09

Zero tillage technique for wheat

2 20 5 25

8 21.12.0922.12.09

Training on vermi composting, biocomposting, NADEEP technique

2 30 15 45

9 20.01.10 Training on poultry 1 35 12 3710 20.03.10 Training on pig and goat

farming1 30 5 35

11 27.03.10 Training on apiculture, vegetables and drip irrigation

1 50 15 65

12 16.07.1017.07.10

Livelihood security for resource poor farmers through resource conservation and cultivation of flowers and vegetables

2 50

13 26.07.1031.07.10

Training on advanced techniques for cattle health management and artificial insemination

2 35

14 7.09.108.09.10

Training on “Jaivik Krishi” 2 58

15 14.09.10 Training on management of banana with suitable intercrops

1 30

16 24.09.10 Awareness programme on integration of poultry with crop components

1 25

17 8.10.109.10.10

Training on organic farming technologies

2 35

18 10.02.1111.02.11

Training on “Integrated Farming system”

2 54

19 22.02.1123.02.11

Training on “ Jaivik Krishi” 2 46

20 Training of “ Diagnosis, control and prevention in plant disease”

49

21 11.4.1112.4.11

Training for summer vegetable cultivation for livelihood

Trivediganj 2 55

22 30.4.11 Training on organic farming Tera 1 3823 2.5.11 Training on organic farming Trivediganj 1 4524 5.6.11 Training for sodic land farmer Lalganj 1 2025 14.6.11 Training on banana cultivation Trivediganj 1 60

and management26 25.6.11 Training on horticultural plant

and organic farmingTrivediganj 1 70

27 1.7.11 Training on pest and disease management

Haidergarh 1 55

28 16.7.11 Training on horticulture Haidergarh 1 5029 5.8.11 Training for Women

empowermentTrivediganj 1 40

30 17.09.11 Training on Banana and Biodynamics

Tera 1 28 7 35

31 19.09.11 Training on Vegetables and Banana

Haidergarh 1 30 10 40

32 10.10.11 Training on Sodic land cultivation

Lalganj 1 28 10 38

33 04.11.1105.11.11

Awareness on animal health and Veterinary camp

TrivediganjLalganj

2 40 10 50

34 15.11.11 Meeting of Sodic land farmers regarding wheat cultivation

Lalganj 1 33 8 41

35 18.11.1119.11.11

Training on uses of Fertisure 1 and Masticure

Trivediganj

Lalganj2 52 5 57

36 11.12.1112.12.11

Training on Integrated Farming system

TrivediganjLalganj

2 20 5 25

37 23.12.11 Training on vermi composting, biocomposting. NADEEP technique

Tera 1 30 15 45

38 24.01.12 Training on poultry Trivediganj 1 35 12 47

39 30.01.1231.01.12

Kisan Gosthi trivediganj and tera

2 30 5 35

40 13.02.12 Training on the uses and application of CSR-BIO

Trivediganj 1 59 14 73

41 28.02.1229.02.12

Livelihood security for resource poor farmers through resource conservation and cultivation of flowers and vegetables

Tera and Trivediganj

2 42 10 52

42 14.03.12 Training on Poultry Trivediganj 1 23 12 3543 07.04.12 Training on Goat Rearing Trivediganj 1 21 07 2844 24.04.12 Training on vegetable

cultivation at river bed farmers Tera 1 20 06 26

45 23.05.1224.05.12

Awareness on animal health and Veterinary camp

TrivediganjTera

2 32 10 42

46 01.06.12 Training on management of banana with suitable intercrops

Trivediganj 1 50 15 65

47 26.06.1227.06.12

Training on Integrated Farming System

Trivediganj 2 45 20 65

48 13.07.12 Training on Integrated Farming System

Haidergarh 1 23 13 36

49 27.07.12 Training on horticulture Trivediganj 1 26 12 38

50 23.08.12 Training on advanced techniques for cattle health management and artificial insemination

Haidergarh 1 39 04 43

51 16.09.12 Training on farm management Shivari Farm 1 35 05 4052 18.09.12 Training on Goat Farming Trivediganj 1 20 09 29

53 05.10.12 Training on organic farming Tera 1 36 07 4354 11.10.12

12.10.12Training on women empowerment and integrated farming system

Trivediganj 2 12 34 46

55 14.10.12 Training on women empowerment and integrated farming system

Tera 1 16 34 50

56 31.10.12 Training on goat farming Lalganj 1 23 05 2857 23.11.12 Training on women

empowerment and integrated farming system

Haidergarh 1 10 21 31

58 12.12.1213.12.12

Training on the uses and application of CSR-BIO

HaidergarhTrivediganj

2 49 12 61

59 26.12.12 Training on apiculture, vegetables and drip irrigation

Tera 1 30 07 37

60 07.01.13 Training on women empowerment and integrated farming system

Lalganj 1 14 32 46

61 02.02.13 Training on advanced techniques for cattle health management and artificial insemination

Lalganj 1 32 03 35

62 18.02.1319.02.13

Training on hatchery and animal health management work

Trivedignaj 2 47 08 55

63 21.02.13 Training on sodic land reclamation

Gauriganj 1 68 13 81

64 04.03.13 Training on floriculture and Biofertilizer

Trivediganj 1 34 10 44

65 05.04.13 Training on uses of Fertisure 1 and Masticure

Trivediganj 1 59 13 72

66 20.04.13 Training on the uses and application of CSR-BIO

Tera 1 45 12 57

67 16.05.13 Training on Banana and horticulture Plant

Trivedignaj 1 32 14 46

68 31.05.1301.06.13

Training on Organic Farming and Biofertilizers

Trivediganj 2 48 10 58

69 27.06.13 Training on increasing crop production using CSR-BIO

Haidergarh 1 34 04 39

70 23.07.13 Awareness programme on integration of poultry with crop components

Lalganj 1 23 05 28

71 06.08.13 Training on “Jaivik Krishi” Trivediganj 1 35 07 4272 04.09.13 Training on management of

banana with suitable intercropsHaidergarh 1 24 05 29

73 11.10.13 Training on Egg Production Trivedignaj 1 23 10 3374 22.11.13

23.11.13Training on uses of Fertisure 1 and Masticure

HaidergarhLalganj

2 58 15 73

75 07.12.13 Training on uses of Fertisure 1 and Masticure

Tera 1 47 12 59

76 12.12.13 Training on uses of Fertisure 2 Tera 1 43 11 5477 Fields day/CAC visits/ Kishan

Gosthi250 5240

78 Stocks holder meeting79 Interface meeting

15. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio talks, etc.

S. No Details of Meetings/Seminars/

Trainings/Radio talk, etc.(Name &Address)

Duration(From-To)

Budget(Rs.)

Participant (Name & Address)

1 Usar me kela ki keti(A.I.R)

13-9-12 - Dr.T.Damodaran

2 Usar me kela ki keti(Doordarshan)

22-2-13 - Dr.T.Damodaran

3

16. Foreign Trainings/Visits: NA

17. Performance Indicators

Appendix-1

18. Employment Generation (man-days/year)

S. No. Type of employment generation Employment generation up to end of sub-project

1. Cost effective and profitable vegetable production in riverbed area

100 (family member)

2. Organic farming in fruits and vegetables 100family member)

3. Use of waste/unutilized land and backyards in to profitable orchard and nutrition garden

50family member)

19. Assets Generated(Details to be given on equipments and works undertaken in the sub-project)

(i) Equipment

S. No. Name of the equipment with manufacturers name, model and Sr. No.

Year of purchase

Quantity (Nos.)

Total cost (Rs.)

Responsible consortium

1. Laser Printer (color)Konica Minolta page Pro 4650 EN, resolution in dpi: Mono 600 x 600

2009 1 0.55 IVRI

2. Digital Copier cum printer with trolley, Toshiba, RAM 16 mb, by pass 50 sheet

2009 1 0.99 IVRI

3. Digital Camera, make Soni 2009 1 0.19 IVRI4. Desktop Computers, HCL

infiniti series2009 2 0.38 IVRI

5. Laptop notebook, ultra portable low voltage configuration make 2510P

2009 1 0.84 IVRI

6. Pathological binocular microscopes , Model Ajay Optical

2009 3 0.20 IVRI

7. Research Binocular Microscope, Model Ajay Optical micro scan 20

2009 1 0.40 IVRI

8. BOD Incubator, temp. – to 450 C

2010 1 0.89 IVRI

9. Conductivity Meter 2010 4 0.18 IVRI10. pH Meter 2010 1 0.15 IVRI11. Pocket pH Meter 2010 3 0.15 IVRI12. Refrigerator, Make LG 2010 1 0.14 IVRI

Capacity 240 lit.13. Microwave Oven, Make

LG, Capacity 26 lit.2010 1 0.12 IVRI

14. Electronic Balance 2010 1 0.99 IVRI15. UPS, 1 KVA 2010 1 0.09 IVRI16. Projection Screen (6’x4’)

with stand2010 1 0.06 IVRI

17. Laminar Flow , size 900x600x900 mm complete with HEPA Filter

2011 2 1.23 IVRI

18. Refrigerated Centrifuge with double rotors, 16000 RCF:17600g and other features

2011 1 1.13 IVRI

19. Multimedia Projector, model IN-105, make infacus

2011 1 0.95 IVRI

20. MLXI Microscope with plan infinity optics (Trinocular version) magnus MLXI-TR (with halogen light illuminator) magnus color imaging (CCTV) system model

2011 1 2.14 IVRI

21. Deep Freezer, vertical model, make chemical & Scientific instruments,

2011 1 1.30 IVRI

22. Multiseeder 2011 2 0.34 IVRI23. Refrigerator, Double door,

290 lit, Make LG2013 1 0.23 IVRI

24. Setter cum Hatcher, Auto controlled

2013 1 2.70 IVRI

25. Diesel Generator Set, make Swaraj, 7.5 H.P.

2013 1 0.53 IVRI

26. CO2 Incubator 2013 1 4.45 IVRI27. Office Table, size 6’x3’

with one side drawers2010 1 0.16 IVRI

28. Executive chairs 2010 1 0.01 IVRI29. Office chairs with cushion 2010 4 0.03 IVRI30. Etrex H GPS System 2009 1 0.078 CISH31. PC with printer 2010 1 0.7428 CISH32. Digital Camera 2011 1 0.2175 CISH33. PC with Printer 2010 1 0.40 Agri-plus

international (NGO)

35. HP Pavilion Core2Duo 2009 1 0.38565 CIRG

Computer36. HP Laser jet printer 2009 1 0.17608 CIRG37. HP Scanjet G2410 2009 1 0.03780 CIRG38. Sony Cybershot digital

Camera2009 1 0.09377 CIRG

39. Refrigerator (Blue Star) M/s Omega Biotech Lucknow

2011 1 0.29000 CSSRI-RRS

40. FermentorM/s IIC Industrial Corporation, Kolkata

2013 1 6.06040 CSSRI-RRS

41. Autoclave VerticalMake-Jindal(S.M. Scientific Instruments Pvt. Ltd.)

2013 1 0.67200 CSSRI-RRS

42. Growth Chamber (Viometra, Sonar make)

2014 1 5.51565 CSSRI-RRS

43. Incubator Shaker, Model OS-18 LN

2014 1 1.80128 CSSRI-RRS

44. Gradient PCR with electrophoresis and gel documentation unit, Model-Mastercycler nexus gradient, Geni make, vilber Doc print VX2

2014 1 9.32500 CSSRI-RRS

45. Office Almirah 2009 2 0.1950 CARI46. Book Self 2009 2 0.15700 CARI47. File cabinet 2009 1 0.0780 CARI48. Digital Camera 2011 1 0.1850 CARI49. Pocket scale electronic

balance 10 mg to 250mg2011 2 0.1540 CARI

50. Jeweler scale electronic balance 10 mg to 250 mg

2011 1 0.19500 CARI

51. Kitchen scale electronic balance 0.5 gm to 600 gm

2011 1 0.12900 CARI

52. Counter scale electronic balance 5 gm to 5 kg

2011 2 0.12900 CARI

53. Desktop computer P.C. Intel V Prop with Microsoft window 07

2011 1 0.37080 CARI

54. UPS APC make model No-BR 1100CI

2011 1 0.0780 CARI

55. PC with printer 2010 1 SSP56. Digital Camera 2010 1 SSP57. LN2 cylinders (cryocans)

11.0 lit.-2 nos.2011 0.78873 IVRI

1.5 lits – 4 nos.

(ii) Works

S. No. Particulars of the work, name and address of agency awarded the work

Year of work done

Quantity (Nos.)

Total cost (Rs.)

Responsible consortium

1. Laboratory Renovation 2011-12 1 99000 Division of Pathology, IVRI

2. SSP-NGO 2011-12 1 105875 SSP-NGO3. Renovation of laboratory,

M/s Unik Interiors and general order supplier 13, Ashok Marg, Lucknow

2011-12 1 143000 CISH, Lucknow

4. Agri Pluse-International, NGO

2011-12 1 50000 Agri Pluse-International, NGO

(iii) Revenue Generated(Details may be given on revenue generated in the sub-project viz., sale of seeds, farm produce, products, patents, commercialization, training, etc.)

S. No. Source of revenue Year Total amount (Rs.)up to

March, 20141. CSR BIO a bio growth enhancer 2012-2014 2.27 lakhs2. Fartisure/Masticure 2013-2014 0.1 lakhs3. Technology commercialization (5) 9.0 lakhs4. Sustainability funds 3.84 lakhs

(iv) Livestock(Details of livestock procured/produced in the sub-project)

S. No. Details of livestock (Breed,

etc.)

Year of procurement/productio

n

Nos. Total cost (Rs.)

Responsible consortium

20. Awards and Recognitions

S. No. Name, Designation,Address of the person

Award/ Recognition (with date)

Institution/ Society facilitating (Name & Address)

Responsible consortium

1. Dr. R.B. Rai L.C. Sikka Endowment Award (2011-2012)

NAAS, India CPI

2. Project Team Award of appreciation by NAIP/ ICAR(2012) to the sub-project

NAIP/ICAR All Team members

3. T. Damodaran et al

Best Paper Award (2012) Society of Applied Biotechnology, India

CSSRI-RRS

4. Dr. T. Damodaran

Fellow Society of Applied Biotechnology (FSAB)

Society of Applied Biotechnology (FSAB)

CSSRI-RRS

5. R.B. Rai et al Best Poster Presentation (2012), Seminar on Contribution of IVRI & CARI on Advancement of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Production.

IVRI & CARI IVRI & CARI

6. Dr. R.B. Rai Fellowship “Bioved Society”

Bioved Society IVRI

7. Dr. R.B. Rai Fellowship NAAS NAAS IVRI

8. Dr. T. Damodaran

Best poster Award in National seminar on “Mango Biodiversity”

CISH, Lucknow

CSSRI-RRS

9. Dr. R.A. Ram 2nd best poster award to research article “Response of different organic inputs on soil, plant nutrient status, yield and quality of mango cv. Amrapali” presented in Global conference on augmenting production and utilization of mango: Biotic and abiotic stresses, 21-24 June, CISH, Lucknow

CISH, Lucknow

CISH, Lucknow

21. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability: Rs. 3.80 lakhs

22. Possible Future Line of Work

(Comments/suggestions of CPI regarding possible future line of work that may be taken up arising out of this sub-project)

Work on bio-enhancers needs to be continued We developed new concepts for anestrous and mastitis control and theses aspects needs

further research work for further improvements. Work on developing cheaper therapeutic measure against endometritis/ repeat breeding is

under validation and needs conclusion. Initial work with satisfactory results on poultry bio-growth enhancers was carried out but

could not be concluded/ validation SIFS and rural poultry production opened new approach and needs further work for

continuous improvements

23. Personnel(Staff of Lead Centre & Partner-wise, their Name, Designation, Discipline and Duration)

From – To (DD/MM/YYYY)Research Management (CL) 1. Dr. S.P.S. Ahlawat

1. Dr. R.S. Chauhan2. Dr. Dharmeshwer Das3. Dr. M.C. Sharma4. Dr. Gaya Prasad5. Dr. R.K.Singh

Scientific (CPI, CCPI, others)6. Dr. R.B.Rai, CPI 2009- 20147. Dr. Harendra Kumar, Co-PI 2009- 20148. Dr. K. Dhama, Co-PI 2010- 20149. Dr. R.V.S. Pawaiya Co-PI 2009-201010. Dr. R.S. Rathor Co-PI 2010-201311. Dr. T. Damodaran CCPI 2009- 201412. Dr. B.K. Pandey Co-PI 2009-201413. Dr. R.A. Ram CCPI 2009- 201414. Dr. D.P. Singh CCPI 2009- 201415. Dr.B. Rai CCPI 2009- 201416. Dr. S.K. Jha Co-PI 2012-201417. Mr. Tushar Singh CCPI (NGO) 2009- 201218. Mr. Sunil Mishra CCPI (NGO) 2009- 2012

Technical NilContractual

19. Dr. Balvir Singh RA 2009-2014

20. Dr. Sweta Rai RA 2009- 201421. Shri A.K. Singh SRF 2009- 201422. Shri R. Kannan RA 2009- 201423. Shri Himanshu Dixit SRF 2009- 201424. Shri Hamid Ali SRF 2010-201425. Miss Vijaya Laxmi Sah 2011-201426. Shri Subhash Yadav 2009-201127. Miss. Sudeepta Mishra 2013-201428. Shri Deepak Saxsena29. Dr. Pawan Upadhya30. Dr. Shivendra Pathak31. Dr. Vinay Verma32. Dr. Pushkar33. Dr. Subhas Yadava

23. Governance, Management, Implementation and CoordinationA. Composition of the various committees (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)

S. No. Committee Name Chairman

(From-To)

Members

(From-To)

2. CAC Dr. Sushil Kumar, Ex-

Director, NDRI

Dr.S.K.Dwivedi, Ex-Director,

NRCE, Hissar , Expert Scientist

Member

Dr. R.K.Singh, Director, IVRI,

Izatnagar , Bareilly, Member

Dr. A.P. Srivastava, National Co-

Ordinator (Component-3),

Member

Smt. Vandana Singh, Social

Worker

Dr. R.B.Rai, Consortium Principal

Investigator, Member Secretary

A. List of Meetings organized (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)

S. No. Details of the meeting Date Place & Address (Where meeting was organized)

1. CAC 24.7.09 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow

2. CAC 23.04.10 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow

3. CAC 18.10.10 BHU, Varanasi

4. CAC 4.3.11 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow

5. CAC 27.8.11 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow

6. CAC 31.3.12 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow

7. CAC 11.7.12 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow

8. CAC 18.3.13 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow

9. CAC 19.10.13 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow

10. CAC 21.3.14 CSSRI-RRS, Lucknow

Part-III: Budget and its Utilization

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE(Period from April 2009 to2014)

Sanction Letter No. NAIP(SRLS-III)3rd Call-6/2008Total Sub-project Cost Rs._______________Sanctioned/Revised Sub-project cost (if applicable) Rs._______________

Date of Commencement of Sub-project ___________________Duration: From __________________to ___________________ (DD/MM/YYYY)Funds Received in each yearI Year Rs___________________II Year Rs__________________III Year Rs. _________________Bank Interest received on fund (if any) Rs. _________________Total amount received Rs. _________________Total expenditure Rs. _________________Expenditure Head-wise:

Sanctioned Heads Funds Allocated (*)

Funds Released Expenditure Incurred Total Expend

iture

Balance as on

date

Requirement of additional

funds

Remarks1st

Year2nd Year

3rd Year

1st Year

2nd Year

3rd Year

A. Recurring Contingencies(1) TA(2) Workshops(3) Contractual Services/RA/SRFSub-Total of A (1-4)B. HRD Component(5) Training(6) ConsultancySub-Total of B (5-6)C. Non-Recurring(7) Equipment(8) Furniture(9) Works (new renovation)(10) Others (Animals, Books, etc.)Sub-Total of C (7-10)D. Institutional Charges*Grand Total (A+B+C+D)

* Institutional charges will be 10% of the recurring contingencies for the Lead Consortium and 5% for Consortia Partners.

Name & Signature of CPI : Name & Signature of Competent Financial authority:

Date:__________ Date:_________

PART-IV: DECLARATION

This is to certify that the final report of the Sub-project has been submitted in full consultation with the consortium partners as per the approved objectives and technical programme and the relevant records, note books; materials are available for the same.

Place:_________

Date:_________ Signature of Consortium Principal Investigator

Signature & DateConsortium Co-Principal Investigator

Signature & DateConsortium Co-Principal Investigator

Signature & Date Consortium Co-Principal Investigator

Signature & DateConsortium Co-Principal Investigator

Signature & Comments of Consortium Leader Date:

Appendix-1

Performance Indicators for Component-3Sl. No. Indicator Total No.

1 Number of new technologies developed and introduced in the project area 14

2 Number of improved technologies introduced in project areas 15

3 Number of improved technologies adopted in these areas 15

4 Number of farmers involved in consortia activities 5940

5 Increase in agriculture services and processing enterprises in project area

Baseline Final 3 18

6 Increase in income of participating household (Rs/Annum) Baseline FinalRs.14000

7 Number of farmer groups involved in consortia activities

8 Incremental employment generated (person days/year/HH) Baseline Final62 185

9 No. of farmers/area in addition to project beneficiary farmers adopting introduced technologies

Farmers(Nos)

Area(ha)

1630 1250 ha

11 Number of patent/intellectual property protection applications filed based on NAIP research

3 filed, 2 submitted

12 Number of patents/intellectual property protections granted/published based on NAIP research 13

13 Number of scientists trained overseas in consortium-based subject areas Nil

14 Success stories 1715 Amount of sustainability fund corpus created (Rs. Lakh) 3.84 lakhs16 Publications

NAAS rated journals 35Other journals 10Book 2Popular Article (English) 8Newspaper Article 7Seminar/Symposium/Conference/Workshop Proceedings 8Technical Bulletin 6Manual 8Seminar/Symposium/Conference/Workshop Presentation 28CDs/Videos 3Popular article in other Language (Hindi) 4Folder/Leaflet/Handout 10Report/Annual/Stakeholders/Agribusiness 7

General Instructions and Guidelines

1) The CPI will send the consolidated report to PIU-NAIP after compiling the progress reports received from all the consortium partners. The report should also list the constraints (if any) being faced by consortia partners.

2) The Final Report should not be a mere repetition of Annual Reports. The purpose of the final report is to link all findings from the sub-project so that the overall achievements are discussed in terms of scientific accomplishments, contributions to scientific, human capital development, the relevance of findings to development, and how the information technology is to be disseminated.

3) The Executive Summary should review and summarize the entire Sub-project. The Executive Summary should clearly place sub-project accomplishments in the overall context of agricultural development.

4) Summary in Hindi (1-2 pages) must be included.

5) Final Report should be of A-4 size and the total number of pages must not exceed 50-60 in any case.

6) Following colour schemes to be used for cover page (front & back) by sub-projects under different componentsComponent-1: Light Orange

Component-2: Light Pink

Component-3: Light Green

Component-4: Light Blue

7) Ten hard bound printed copies of Completion Report shall be submitted. Soft copy of the completion report should be sent in the CD.

8) CPIs must strictly follow the guidelines while composing and printing the sub-project Final Report.

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